利用鸡粪堆制复合微生物肥的关键指标

采用人工机械翻堆,以鸡粪和菌糠为原料,研究其经高温堆肥发酵制备复合微生物肥料过程中关键指标的变化,为畜禽粪便的资源化利用提供一种有效的方法。试验结果表明：在整个堆肥周期中,有机质的含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,温度先上升达到最高温65℃,并在60℃左右高温维持8~10 d,之后下降。对前发酵物和后发酵物的养分分析表明,有机质由46.0%降到41.2%,总养分基本维持不变,总磷和总钾略有上升,水分则由35.82%下降至25.40%,符合国家NY/T798—2004《复合微生物肥料》标准要求,为产品研发提供技术参数。     

高效液相色谱—串联质谱法测定鸡粪中癸氧喹酯的残留量

采用高效液相色谱—串联质谱法测定鸡粪中癸氧喹酯的残留量.样品经乙腈提取、HLB固相萃取小柱净化,采用ESI+电离模式和多反应监测模式(MRM),以内标法进行定量.结果表明:该法的线性范围为1-200 ng.mL-1,r2大于0.99;选取5、10、100μg.kg-1 3个含量进行空白鸡粪添加癸氧喹酯的回收率试验,回收率为84.4%-100.1%,批内、批间RSD均小于15%,方法检出限为2.5μg.kg-1,定量限为5.0μg.kg-1.可见,高效液相色谱—串联质谱法简单快速、灵敏度高、选择性强,适用于鸡粪中癸氧喹酯药物残留量的确证检测.     

四环素类抗菌药物在鸡粪中的降解研究

采用高效液相色谱法,研究了不同光照条件对鸡粪中土霉毒(OTC)和金霉素(CTC)降解动态的影响。试验分为两组,一组含药鸡粪置于避光条件,另一组置于室外自然光条件下。分别在第0、0.5、1、2、3、5、7、9、12、15d对两组鸡粪取样、检测和分析。结果表明,避光条件下,鸡粪中OTC3个初始浓度在15d内降解幅度分别为5.67%、6.05%和7.61%;CTC降解幅度分别为5.93%、6.20%和7.36%;而在自然光照条件下,OTC降解幅度分别达到87.60%、95.66%和97.81%,CTC分别达到89.53%、95.98%和98.62%,且鸡粪中OTC、CTC的浓度随时间变化趋势符合一级动力学方程Ct=C0e-kt,鸡粪中OTC、CTC的降解半衰期分别为(4.11±1.17)d和(3.24±1.02)d。结果表明,OTC和CTC都具有光解的特性,且鸡粪中CTC光解速率比OTC快。     

新农村建设视野下豫南乡土文化遗产现状及抢护对策

豫南乡土文化存在生存环境恶化、文化本体的内部生态基因萎缩、传承后继乏人、经费投入严重不足等问题。对豫南乡土文化遗产进行抢护和回归性建设,不仅可为新农村建设的可持续发展提供不竭的精神道德支持,也有利于构筑地方经济发展的新平台。实施豫南乡土文化的建设储备战略与运行战略将是对其抢护的重要对策。     

微生态制剂在广西三黄鸡养殖中的应用及推广

为了筛选和推广使用性能稳定、饲养效果好、价格合理的微生态制剂,更好地提高广西养殖三黄鸡的经济效益,通过市场调查与研究,先后在3个三黄鸡养殖场开展饲养对比试验。结果表明,除益生宝外,在三黄鸡饲粮中添加微生态制剂,可降低料肉比0．09～0．90、提高平均日增重0．25～2．83g／只,获得较高的经济效益,其中以产酶益生素和协力2000益生素的效果较佳,但添加益生宝的抗病杀菌效果最佳。可见,不同微生态制剂在动物机体上所表现出的主效作用存在明显差异。因此,实际生产中应根据生产需要选用不同的微生态制剂,或考虑不同微生态制剂的配伍使用。     

地方高校精准服务乡村振兴的思路设计

地方高校作为助力地方经济发展的重要力量,是推进乡村振兴战略实施的有力保障。大数据的发展为地方高校精准服务乡村振兴提供了理论和实践指引。从乡村差异出发,挖掘地方高校精准服务乡村振兴的逻辑起点,并以此为基础构建地方高校精准服务乡村振兴的实施路径,将乡村数据资源库、高校资源库作为数据源,通过数据挖掘技术深入发掘各乡村发展需求,并将需求与地方高校进行精准匹配,实现资源合理配置,助力乡村全面发展。     

Growth testing of two breeds of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (Hungarian mirror and Třeboň scaly carp), in ponds with low and high stocking density

The growth of two breeds of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was tested in ponds under the climatic conditions of South Bohemia. T?eboň scaly carp (TR) and Hungarian mirror carp (M2) were kept in both low and high stocking densities during the second growing season and then stocked together for communal testing during the third growing season. Before the communal testing, the mean initial weights of fish from low‐ and high‐density stocks differed significantly (374.1 vs. 227.7 g for the TR breed and 766.7 vs. 317.3 g for the M2 breed respectively, P<0.01). After communal testing, mean weights of fish from low‐ and high‐density stocks gained 761.8 vs. 543.8 g for the TR breed and 1339.7 vs. 706.7 g for the M2 breed respectively. These observed weights were also significantly different (P<0.01). However, the test of corrected weight gain, i.e. gain not related to the initial weight of fish, revealed insignificant differences (P>0.01) between the weight gains after correction, i.e. the effect of different initial weights was successfully eliminated. These results seem to confirm the applicability of this method for the assessment of growth of purebred common carp under the climatic conditions of Central European fish farms.     

三线闭壳龟、黄喉拟水龟、黄缘盒龟及其地方品系外部形态特征比较研究

本文首次对中国珍稀龟类三线闭壳龟（Cuora Trifasciata）、黄喉拟水龟(Mauremys mutica)、黄缘盒龟(Cistoclemmys flavomarginatas)及其地方品系的外部形态特征和差异进行了比较研究,为制定相应的龟类种质标准,保护和合理利用龟类资源提供技术资料。     

屏边大围山国家级自然保护区社区居民环境保护意识调查

为了解影响自然保护区社区居民保护态度的主要原因,对屏边大围山国家级自然保护区及其周边的6个村寨进行调查,采用非参数检验和逐步线性回归分析方法分析人口特征和社会经济的各种因子对居民保护态度的主要影响.结果表明,不同村寨对保护区态度的影响存在显著差异(N=6,X2=7.98,P=0.04);性别(N=171,X2=7.92,P=0.04)和家庭拥有旱地面积(N=171,X2=8,P=0.04)也是影响保护态度的主要原因;其他因素对保护态度影响不显著.调查社区居民对保护政策的满意度及目前的政策需求认为,落实搬迁,解决土地权属问题,寻找新的经济作物及其种植地点,发展社区经济,完善农村基础设施建设是当前获得社区居民对保护区建设与管理支持的最主要办法.另外,提高管理人员素质和护林员待遇,解决公平问题对自然保护区的管理亦至关重要.     

Effect of Different Rearing Conditions of Indoor and Outdoor in Winter and Summer on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Heijiao MA Chicken

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different rearing conditions of indoor and outdoor in winter and summer on growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.In the winter and summer, 180 Heijiao MA chicken with the age of 35-day-old were chosen and randomly divided into two groups with three replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate.The Heijiao MA chicken were reared at outdoor and indoor, respectively, and at 49, 63, 77, 91 days the immune organ indexes, serum antibody titers and growth performance were measured.The results showed that:①Whether it was winter or summer, the body weight of Heijiao MA chicken rearing at indoor were higher than that of outdoor, and the difference was significant at experimental stages in winter (P<0.05).There was significant difference only at 77 days old of Heijiao MA chicken in summer (P<0.05), the rest were not significant (P>0.05);②The ADG of outdoor group in summer was higher than that in winter, while the F/G of outdoor group in summer were significantly lower than that in winter (P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of indoor group were not significantly different between winter and summer (P>0.05).③On immune function, immune organ indexes and ND antibody titer of Heijiao MA chicken of indoor group in winter were higher than outdoor group, while part of immune organ indexes, AI (H5) and ND antibody titers of outdoor group in summer were higher than that of indoor group;And ND and AI (H5) antibody titers in winter were higher than summer.In conclusion, The climate and season were major factors to influence the growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.