面向河流健康的鳌江综合整治研究

河流健康问题引起广泛重视,依据健康河流的要求实施综合整治,具有重要实践意义。分析了河流健康理念对河流综合整治的启示,从水质、水文与水生态三个方面,探讨了鳌江生态退化的驱动机制,并从流域及河流廊道两个尺度提出了鳌江综合整治对策与方案。     

构建功能性人工湿地处理养殖场废水

为寻求一种经济实用的养殖废水处理途径，人工湿地废水处理工艺越来越引起关注。该文综述了近几年来人工湿地处理机理、人工湿地的建造参数、人工湿地的作用及人工湿地的管理等，从生态系统的尺度展望了功能性人工湿地建构和多类污染物的联合去除的前景，期望在未来的人工湿地处理工艺的研究中关于养殖场废水处理的研究得到更切实的关注和更实质的进展，为动物养殖业的清洁生产做出贡献。     

酶处理对绿茶浸提液成分及膜过滤通量影响的研究

为解决绿茶饮料生产中出现的沉淀问题，研究了酶处理对绿茶浸提液成分及膜通量的影响。结果表明双酶水解后绿茶汁的膜过滤通量比未经过酶处理的茶汁提高21%～40%；粘度下降6%～13%，氨基态氮增加11%～41%，而茶多酚、咖啡碱等成分变化不大。并且双酶混合酶解处理后的绿茶浸提液经过超滤能有效解决绿茶饮料“冷后浑”的现象。     

Effect of tillage and rotation on organic carbon forms of chernozemic soils in Saskatchewan

The effects of selected tillage and rotation systems on soil organic carbon and its fractions were studied on Chernozemic soils in south‐western and east‐central Saskatchewan. After practicing a no‐till fallow unfertilized‐wheat rotation for 7 years on an Orthic Brown Chernozem in south‐western Saskatchewan, total soil organic carbon (TOC) in the 0 – 5 cm and 5 – 10 cm layers was slightly lower than the tillage fallow‐unfertilized wheat comparable treatment. However, light fraction of organic carbon (LFOC) was similar in the two treatments. Comparison of the tillage fallow‐unfertilized wheat to a treatment involving conversion to a fertilized continuous cropping system for 10 years showed TOC increased slightly in the two depths and LFOC increased by 24 % and 29 % in the 0 – 5 cm and 5 – 10 cm layer, respectively, of the continuous cropping treatment. Microbial biomass carbon (MB‐C) was increased significantly at the 5 – 10 cm depth. After conversion of fallow‐wheat to alfalfa as perennial forage for 10 years, TOC increased by 80 % and 27 %, LFOC by 245 % and 286 %, and HFOC by 63 % and 20 % at 0 – 5 cm and 5 – 10 cm depths, respectively, compared to the tilled cereal‐fallow system. Meanwhile, water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was not affected but MB‐C increased significantly. In an Orthic Black Chernozem in east‐central Saskatchewan, the depletion and restoration of organic carbon was observed when native sod was changed into cropland and then back to grassland. For example, the TOC of cropland under cereal‐fallow rotation for 62 years decreased by 42 % and 33 % at 0 – 5 cm and 5 – 10 cm depths, respectively, compared to native sod. The LFOC decreased by 79 % and 74 % in the layers, and reductions in WSOC and MB‐C were even greater. After cropland was re‐seeded to grassland for 12 years, the concentration of total organic carbon was increased by 16 % and 22 % while the mass of organic carbon was the same as the cropland in the two layers. The LFOC and MB‐C amounts in the grass seed‐down were double that of the cropped land, but the amounts of TOC, LFOC, and MB‐C in grass seed‐down were still significantly lower than the native sod.     

基于同位素示踪技术的糙米加湿后精米吸水率的试验研究

该研究以糙米为原料，应用同位素示踪技术研究糙米加湿调质各工艺参数对精米吸水率的影响规律。在糙米加湿调质中用氚水(H₂³O)为同位素示踪剂对所加水分标记，通过放射性测量(cpm值)确定样品吸水率；采用二次旋转正交组合试验方法设计试验，用Reda软件包处理试验数据，得出了各试验参数对精米吸水率影响关系的回归方程，分析了各试验因素对精米吸水率的影响规律，试验结论可以为掌控糙米加湿调质后精米含水率提供理论依据。     

若干阔叶树树冠各层叶气孔密度及光照条件对气孔密度的影响

４０种阔叶树树冠的外、中、内层同龄叶中，均以外层叶的气孔密度最高，其次为中层叶，内层叶气孔密度最低。新银合欢和马尖相思幼苗在高光照强度下所形成的叶气孔密度最高，中等光照者次之，低光照者最低。在蓝光照射下形成的叶气孔密度最高，其次为红光照射者，自然漫射光下最低。这说明光照强度和光波长对气孔密度有深刻影响。     

一种新型鼓泡曝气装置的研究

一种由增强ＰＶＣ材料制成的微孔曝气软管，外径２５ｍｍ，其管壁上有不通的锥孔，锥顶接近外表面，大端孔径０．０５ｍｍ，每米管长有２万个孔。在充气压力下，锥孔打开，并产生０．２５～１ｍｍ的气泡，额定过流能力为１ｍ^３／（ｈ·ｍ），试验表明该管有较高的增氧能力和增氧动力效率（４～６ｋｇ／ｋＷ·ｈ），可广泛用于污水处理和水产养殖     

3种不同LED光质配比对芹菜生长和品质的影响

探讨不同LED光质配比对芹菜生长和品质的影响,为LED光源在芹菜生产上的应用提供理论依据。以‘津南实芹’为材料,利用红光波长为657nm(±20nm)和蓝光波长为454nm(±20nm)的LED灯板和控制器为人工光源,设置T1(R/B=3∶1)、T2(R/B=1∶1)、T3(R/B=1∶3)3个处理,以1个荧光灯处理为对照(CK),采用水培法栽培,在不同的光照环境下栽培55d。结果表明:T1、T2、T3处理相比CK可以有效提高芹菜维生素C质量分数,减少纤维素质量分数;红光所占比例增大有助于株高、叶片数、叶柄长、可溶性糖的提高和根冠比的减小;蓝光所占比例大有利于芹菜可溶性蛋白和还原性糖质量分数提高,纤维素和硝酸盐质量分数的减少;T1(R/B=3∶1)处理下株高、最大叶柄长、叶片数、可溶性糖质量分数明显高于其他处理,且硝酸盐质量分数较低、根冠比最低,表现出良好的生长和品质特性,所以T1(R/B=3∶1)处理更有利于芹菜的生长和品质的提高。总之,LED光源下红蓝光比为3∶1时能够明显提高‘津南实芹’的品质和单株产量。     

施肥处理对大肉丝瓜产量和肥料利用的影响

为了更好地了解肥料在大肉丝瓜上的应用效果,在江门进行了不同氮磷钾肥料和有机肥试验.结果表明,氮肥对大肉丝瓜产量和生物量的影响最大,增加有机肥,可以提高前期产量和总产量,肥料的农学效率、偏生产力和利用率在低水平表现较好.通过回归分析,获得肥料效应方程,求得最佳施肥量,大肉丝瓜要获得高产和高效,江门地区推荐每667 m2商品有机肥最佳施肥量为250 kg,氮磷钾最佳施肥量为N 23kg、P2O511 kg、K2O 17 kg.