稻曲病菌侵染水稻颖花的酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建与应用

【目的】近年来稻曲病日益严重,但目前对稻曲病菌(Ustilaginoidea virens)与水稻相互作用机制仍不清楚。论文旨在利用水稻感病颖花材料构建酵母双杂交文库并筛选稻曲病菌效应因子互作蛋白,为解析稻曲病菌侵染水稻机制提供理论基础。【方法】以感病水稻Chuannong H2S为试验材料,在水稻破口前5—7 d左右,从水稻穗中上部接种PSB摇培7 d的稻曲病菌荧光标记菌株P4,接种13 d后取颖花进行激光共聚焦观察,收集感病颖花。提取感病颖花总RNA,使用含有Oligo(dT)的接头引物反转录cDNA第一链,并PCR扩增ds cDNA,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳切胶回收ds cDNA片段,与载体p GADT7-Rec进行同源重组,转化酵母菌株Y187构建酵母双杂交cDNA文库。然后用稻曲病菌效应因子Uv_1261基因构建诱饵载体,将诱饵载体转化入Y2HGold酵母菌株,通过酵母双杂交自激活验证后以该诱饵载体筛选酵母双杂交文库,最终在SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp/X-α-Gal平板上筛选出生长状况良好的蓝色单菌落,经测序得到候选互作蛋白的序列,通过NCBI在线网站进行Blast分析和Uniprot在线网站进行gene ontology(GO)注释。【结果】经检测,文库滴度为5.7×108 cfu/mL,平均插入片段大小为750 bp,表明稻曲病菌侵染水稻颖花cDNA文库质量较高。用Uv_1261构建诱饵载体,转化Y2HGold后,转化菌可在SD/-Trp、SD/-Trp/X-α-Gal平板上生长,不能在SD/-Trp/X-α-Gal/Ab A平板上生长,表明Uv_1261无自激活现象。以该诱饵载体筛选文库,对筛选到的候选互作蛋白进行测序验证并Blast分析获得了56个来自稻曲病菌或水稻的候选互作蛋白,其中有28个候选互作蛋白来自稻曲病菌,有16个来自水稻,以及12个未知蛋白。经GO注释显示,来自稻曲病菌中的候选互作蛋白参与了17个生物过程,包括翻译、代谢过程、氧化还原及胞内氨基酸合成等;分子功能包括金属离子结合活性、水解酶活性及ATP结合活性等;细胞组分包括核糖体、细胞质及线粒体等。来自水稻中的候选互作蛋白参与了11个生物过程,包括蛋白质去磷酸化、糖代谢及翻译等;分子功能包括金属离子结合活性、核苷酸结合活性及转移酶活性等;细胞组分包括核糖体、膜及细胞核等。【结论】该cDNA文库质量较好,能成功地用于稻曲病菌效应蛋白的互作蛋白筛选,可为研究稻曲病菌与水稻相互作用的分子机制提供重要资源。     

孝感市再生稻品种的筛选试验

为了筛选适合湖北省孝感市种植的再生稻品种,以12个水稻品种为材料进行一种两收试验,主要从品种产量、生育期、农艺与经济性状、再生性和抗逆性4个方面进行了比较分析。结果表明,德香4103、广两优476、准两优527、丰两优香1号(CK)4个品种可以作为再生稻品种示范推广,新两优223、两优6326、渝香203等品种与对照(CK)产量相当,在生态条件相似的周边省市可适当种植。     

植物突变体库的作用及构建研究进展

发生突变的个体叫作突变体。突变体往往具有与野生型不同的表型,这样就为缺失组分的功能研究提供了有益的信息。主要介绍了植物突变体库的作用及构建方法,重点论述了自发突变体库、理化诱变突变体库及T-DNA插入突变体库的构建原理与特征,并对植物突变体库的研究前景进行了展望。     

新疆核桃根际土壤中解钾菌的分离筛选及鉴定

为给核桃专用微生物肥的研制提供菌株材料,通过对解钾菌的分离纯化,筛选对新疆核桃根际土壤具有解钾作用且能在其根际稳定定殖的优质高效菌株。结果表明:从阿克苏、和田、喀什3个新疆核桃主产区的根际土壤中分离出解钾菌27株;采用火焰光度计法对其解钾能力进行测定,选出解钾菌16株;经耐利福平诱导后剩余14株;将其进行大田定殖试验后,最终筛选出10株解钾能力较强的菌株。经16S r DNA进行鉴定,得出这10株解钾菌归属于3个属。分别为假单胞菌属Pseudomonas、芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、微杆菌属Microbacterium,其中假单胞菌属为优势种属。     

Introgression of antioxidant activity into cassava (Manihot esculenta C.): an effective technique for extending fresh storage roots shelf life

Physiological postharvest deterioration (PPD) of cassava is the main constraint affecting its nutritional and economical values. PPD is induced by wounds when detaching storage roots from mother plant during harvesting. It is accelerated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as oxygen ion (O₂) and peroxide (O₂)^?2. The carotenoid content and its antioxidant property can help in extending shelf life of cassava storage roots. The primary mode of action of carotenoids as antioxidant is to quench singlet oxygen. Cassava breeding was reported to successfully introgress and improve carotenoid content into cassava. The two types of phytoene synthase (PSY) enzymes (PSY1 and PSY2) are key regulators of carotenoids accumulation in cassava. Carotenoids formation and accumulation in cassava storage roots are induced by a single nucleotide polymorphism in PSY2 which causes a non‐conservative amino acid exchange. This single nucleotide polymorphism in PSY gene is co‐segregated with β‐carotene in cassava storage roots, a phenomenon that could help to unravel the mechanism of introgression of carotenoids into cassava. This article investigates breeding feasibility for improving quality of cassava landraces in developing countries.     

黄瓜棒孢叶斑病种质筛选及抗性分布频率分析

为培育抗棒孢叶斑病的黄瓜种质,引进国内外黄瓜种质68份,通过成株期自然感染黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的方法,调查黄瓜种质的生长势、性型、叶色、瓜皮色及棒孢叶斑病病情指数,研究分析不同黄瓜种质对棒孢叶斑病的抗性及抗性分布频率。结果表明：68份黄瓜种质中,高抗种质10份,占14.71%;抗病种质占10.29%;中抗种质占11.76%;感病种质占29.41%;高感种质占33.82%。进一步分析黄瓜种质的抗性分布频率,欧洲温室型黄瓜较华南型和华北型黄瓜抗病,生长势越弱,越抗棒孢叶斑病,强雌黄瓜较雌雄同株黄瓜抗棒孢叶斑病,叶片深绿和绿的黄瓜较叶片黄绿的黄瓜抗棒孢叶斑病,瓜皮白绿的黄瓜较绿和浅绿的黄瓜更抗棒孢叶斑病。     

高校图书馆阅览室的管理与服务

随着社会的发展,信息时代的进步,高校图书馆也在发生质的变化,逐步由重视馆藏转向更好地为读者服务,如何高效率地利用图书馆,为读者提供更好的服务,是高校图书馆阅览室的指导思想,本文阐述了图书馆开架阅览存在的问题,并分析了相关的对策。     

A novel screening method for rice allelopathic potential: the inhibitory‐circle method

Screening crop accessions for allelopathic activity is of paramount importance for crop allelopathy research. Previous bioassays often did not use a mixed culture of donor and target plants, did not use soil and were not conducted under natural conditions. In this study, we designed an inhibitory‐circle method in which a rice accession (donor plant) and Echinochloa crus‐galli (target plant) were cultured together in paddy soil under natural conditions. First, we determined that the highest allelopathic activity of allelopathic rice accession PI312777 was at the 5‐leaf stage, and the suitable distance of rice seedlings and E. crus‐galli was 12 cm apart. This method was then validated by a field test. A further 40 rice accessions were evaluated for allelopathic activity to E. crus‐galli using this method. Two rice accessions, PI312777 and Taichung Native 1, had highly allelopathic activity to E. crus‐galli (inhibitory rate > 50%), while another accession, Lemont, had non‐allelopathic activity. These experimental results were in accordance with previous studies using direct field experiments. The inhibitory‐circle method integrated three necessary conditions, that is donor and target plants grown together, with soil as the medium and under natural conditions for reliable results. The ‘inhibitory‐circle method’, which combined donor and target plants, soil medium and field conditions, can give reliable results in one step, compared with laboratory screening methods. Also, the ‘inhibitory‐circle method’ gave results in 30‐35 days, thereby substantially reducing the requirements for time, labour and cost.     

西瓜与枯萎病菌非亲和互作相关基因的分离及表达分析

 从整体水平阐明西瓜对西瓜枯萎病菌1号生理小种的抗病分子机制和抗病相关基因的表达特征,以高抗枯萎病菌1号生理小种的西瓜品种“卡红(Calhoun Gray)”为试材,接种西瓜枯萎病菌和蒸馏水的根尖组织作为测验方(Tester)和驱动方(Driver),构建西瓜枯萎病菌胁迫的SSH-cDNA正向文库。利用反向 Northern 斑点杂交技术对文库中克隆进行杂交筛选。随机测序300个阳性克隆,序列比对分析,利用RT-PCR技术分析抗病相关基因的表达特性。259条EST成功测序,167条与已知基因具有较高的同源性,占全部ESTs的65.5%,其中与抗病和防卫相关的有64条23种,占24.7%;卡红对枯萎病菌1号生理小种的抗性相关基因主要涉及抗病信号传导、抗病防卫、转录因子、次生代谢合成和细胞保护等方面;Aquaporin和Peroxidase基因在接种后表达量均增加。Calhoun Gray对枯萎病菌侵染作出的反应是全方位多方面的,抗病相关基因主要集中在系统获得性抗性反应中,获得了一些Calhoun Gray与野生西瓜PI296341在与枯萎病生理小种1互作中差异表达的基因,为深入研究西瓜与枯萎病菌互作的分子机制以及关键基因的功能分析奠定基础。     

公共空间视角下高校图书馆导向标识系统存在问题与对策

高校图书馆不仅是学校的文献信息中心,而且是提供社会化服务的公共空间。导向标识系统是公共空间不可或缺的有机组成部分。从公共空间的角度,分析高校图书馆导向标识系统存在的问题,探讨解决措施。