Posterior lens luxation with associated glaucoma in a pony

Secondary lens luxation is an infrequent consequence of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). This Case Report describes a pony with posterior lens luxation with associated glaucoma, thought to be secondary to ERU.     

Matric Suction Effect on Shear Strength of Roadbed Unsaturated Soil

A study which focuses on the role of matric suction in the stress strength of roadbed unsaturated soil was presented. Two types of tests were described, namely, the suction controlled shear test and microstructure scanned test. For the former, four sub tests were conducted under different suction and net normal stress conditions. And two unsaturated soil samples that belong to the same type but with different water contents were scanned. In contrast with clay soil, the corresponding results show that the strength of silty sand soil does not always increase as matric suction increases or soil water content decreases; there exists a peak contributed by matric suction that acts on soil stress strength. The main reason for this kind of phenomenon is due to the typical microstructure of this type of soil and the various types of pore water retention. Additionally, the state of stress in which soil sample meets can also exerts important influence on soil strength.     

A pilot study on the corneal curvatures and ocular dimensions of horses less than one year of age

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been implanted in adult equine eyes after cataract surgery. Foals and weanlings comprise a large proportion of those horses undergoing cataract surgery. Due to potential differences in the size and corneal curvature of the juvenile eye, it is not currently known whether implantation of adult IOLs is appropriate in foals and weanlings. The objective of the study was to measure the anterior chamber depth (ACD), central lens thickness (CLT), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), axial globe length (AGL) and corneal curvature of horses less than one year of age. The axial dimensions from one eye of 10 foals were measured using simultaneous A and B scan ultrasonography. The corneal curvature from one eye of 7 weanlings was determined using a modified photokeratometer. Ultrasonography revealed a mean ACD of 4.94 mm, mean CLT of 9.38 mm, mean VCD of 18.96 mm and mean AGL of 33.32 mm for the foals. The mean corneal curvature was 15.4 diopters (D). The mean ACD, CLT, VCD and AGL of the foals were less than the measurements reported in the literature for adult horses. The mean corneal curvature was similar to the values reported by some authors for adult horses. Due to the differences in axial dimensions between adult and juvenile eyes, an IOL that corrects vision in an adult horse might not adequately correct vision in a horse less than one year of age.     

测量X光透镜扭曲度实验方法的建立

扭曲度的大小是反映透镜质量的重要参数。通过测定不同透镜的峰位分布曲线和选用不同的光阑测定不同透镜的扭曲度,得知光阑越接近X光透镜的边缘,衍射光的峰位变化越大;选用光阑越大则测得的扭曲度越大。扫描速度定为0.125°／min重复性很好,建立了测量X光透镜扭曲度的实验方法。     

Examination of the rat eye at the early stage of development with osmium tetroxide staining

This communication describes the benefit of osmium tetroxide (OsO4) staining on the examination of the eye during the early stage of organogenesis of rat embryos. The embryos were obtained by laparotomy on embryonic day 12 (ED 12) and were stained with OsO4 for examination of the ocular tissues with a binocular stereo-microscope, light microscope and scanning electron microscope. At the binocular stereo-microscopic level, the invaginated lens placode, lens pit and optic cup were clearly distinguished. The osmium-stained lens placode and the optic cup were light brown and dark brown in color, respectively. Light microscopic examination revealed that OsO4 postfixation could provide superior paraffin-embedded embryonic sections. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed the lens pit as a round opening between the lateral nasal prominence and maxillary prominence. Thus, a rapid technique by which the ocular tissues of rat embryos can be examined under a binocular stereo-microscope was developed. This OsO4 staining method will provide a useful tool for research on organogenesis and ocular development.     

Golden Retriever uveitis: 75 cases (1994-1999)

OBJECTIVE: To document the presenting ocular signs and the clinical course of Golden Retriever dogs with a progressive anterior uveitis, often associated with the histologic presence of iridociliary cysts. Animals studied Seventy-five Golden Retriever dogs (142 affected eyes) referred to a private practice referral ophthalmology clinic between 1994 and 1999. Procedures Complete ophthalmic evaluation with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, applanation tonometry, and gonioscopy. Hematology, serum biochemical evaluations, and serologic titers for endemic infectious agents were also used in selected cases. RESULTS: The age range of affected dogs was 4.5-14.5 years, with a mean age of 8.6 +/- 2.1 years. The majority of the dogs (n = 66) were affected in both eyes at first presentation. The sex distribution included 4 intact males, 32 neutered males, and 39 spayed females. Hematology, serum biochemical evaluations, and serologic titers for endemic infectious agents failed to demonstrate any underlying disorder. The ophthalmic hallmark of this syndrome was the appearance of pigment on the anterior lens capsule, often in a radial orientation. This capsular pigment was seen both with and without associated uveal cysts. Although single to multiple iridociliary cysts were noted clinically in only 13.3% of the cases, cysts were common on histopathology of advanced glaucomatous, blind eyes. Fibrin was observed in the anterior chamber of 37% of the cases, and often was a precursor for glaucoma. Cataract formation (37%) and glaucoma (46%) were frequent sequelae to the uveitis. Posterior synechiae formation occurred in 50% of the cases. Histopathologic analysis of four enucleated eyes and the eviscerated specimens from 14 glaucomatous eyes demonstrated thin-walled iridociliary epithelial cysts in 3/4 and 12/14 cases, respectively. Microscopically, little to no uveal inflammatory infiltration was commonly noted. Conclusion The overall prognosis for this progressive uveitis in Golden Retriever dogs is guarded, with 46% of the eyes becoming blind due to glaucoma. Iridociliary cysts in Golden Retriever dogs may lead to the development of glaucoma in this breed.     

XRF系统灵敏度曲线的标定

将整体会聚透镜0301组合到XRF分析系统,并使用最小焦斑为15的OXFORD高亮微聚焦X射线源作为光源.使用不锈钢合金、化合物、单元素3种薄膜标样标定了此XRF分析系统的灵敏度曲线,并对比了使用透镜和使用光阑两种情况下系统灵敏度曲线的不同.通过计算可知,X光透镜显著提高了系统的灵敏度,两种情况荧光产额数之比对于元素Ni最大,约为2 386;Se元素的比值最小,为575.     

日光温室顶部菲涅尔透镜的光热分离特性研究

为了进一步提高日光温室内主动蓄放热的热能利用效率,该研究在日光温室内的顶部空间,构建了基于曲面菲涅尔透镜的直散分离系统,该系统对顶部区域的空间利用率为25.8%。利用光学仿真软件对不同入射角的太阳光进行追踪,并对该曲面菲涅尔透镜在典型日条件下的接收效率和焦斑分布进行分析,得到一日内的变化规律。在直射光集热测试方面,正午时段内,该系统的集热效率可以达到45%。对比散射光环境对温室的影响,发现试验区全天光照度减小约为10%~40%。该文以主动集热土垄加温系统提升栽培土垄温度作为试验组,并与不加温对照组进行了比较。试验结果表明,系统可提高土垄温度4.5~5.0℃。连续晴天情况下,土垄加温系统的COP(coefficient of performance)为1.5~1.9。研究表明此新型温室集热方式可提高空间利用率,改善温室内光热环境,同时利用午间强直射光集热,实现太阳能综合利用。