ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS OF THE AVIAN EYE: PHYSIOLOGIC APPEARANCE, PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS, AND COMPARATIVE BIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT

Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were performed after routine ophthalmologic and ophthalmoscopic examinations in 190 eyes of six various diurnal (common buzzard [Buteo buteo L., 1758], n = 20; common kestrel [Tinnunculus tinnunculus L., 1758], n = 20) and nocturnal raptor species (barn owl [Tyto alba L., 1758], n = 22; tawny owl [Strix aluco L., 1758], n = 8; long-eared owl [Asio otus L., 1758], n = 5; horned owl [Bubo bubo L., 1758], n = 1); and domestic pigeons (Columba livia, Gmel., 1789; n = 19), with a total of 95 individuals. Pathologic findings such as lens subluxation and luxation, intravitreal hemorrhage, detached retina, post-traumatic partial sequestration, or malformation of the pecten could be demonstrated with diagnostic imaging tools, while opacities of cornea or lens constrained direct ophthalmoscopic examination. The results proved US to be a quick noninvasive imaging technique for detailed ocular diagnoses. CT provided detailed information of the bony skull and bony scleral rings as well as adequate visualization of shape, size, and margination of the eye and lens. Nevertheless, CT was unable to differentiate subtle structures within the vitreous like the pecten oculi or hemorrhage. Biometric measurements were carried out to objectify imaging results. Results showed good correlation of depth and width of the anterior eye chamber, lens and vitreous, length of the bulbus, and the pecten but no correlation of cornea and posterior wall thickness was found.     

新疆虹鳟贝氏复口吸虫的空间分布

为了解贝氏复口吸虫(Diplostomum baeri)在虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)眼部寄生的空间分布特点,2017年4次对新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州温泉县冷水鱼繁育基地的虹鳟进行采样调查,运用统计学方法对虹鳟眼睛寄生贝氏复口吸虫的空间分布特点进行分析。结果显示,在检查的61尾虹鳟中,检出贝氏复口吸虫9 023只,单尾检出最多为388只。总感染率为100%,左右眼玻璃体的感染率为100%和96.7%,高于左右眼晶状体的感染率60.7%和42.6%。总平均感染强度为(147.9±11.6),左右眼玻璃体平均感染强度为(90.9±6.7)和(71.9±6.1),高于左右眼晶状体平均感染强度(7.4±1.9)和(7.0±2.1)。左眼和右眼的平均感染强度无统计学差异(P0.05),晶状体和玻璃体的平均感染强度差异极显著(P0.01)。贝氏复口吸虫在虹鳟不同部位的方均比(S~2/■)大于1,说明贝氏复口吸虫对该地虹鳟的寄生情况严重,在虹鳟的不同部位中均呈聚集性分布,更倾向于在玻璃体中寄生,存在寄生部位选择偏好性。     

左手材料参数偏移对其传输函数的影响

根据电磁场理论推导出了左手材料的传输函数,并数值计算了介电常数和磁导率偏移理想值时,传输函数所发生的变化.数值计算表明:传输函数对介电常数和磁导率的偏移非常敏感,完美的左手材料透镜对偏移量的要求十分苛刻.因此,要得到工程意义上完美的左手材料透镜是相当困难的.