Feline lens disorders

The lens is the second most powerful structure for refraction in the eye, and is important in the fine-focusing ability in individual species. Specific disorders of the feline lens are frequent in clinical practice and include: congenital anomalies, nuclear sclerosis, cataracts, lens subluxations and luxations, intraocular sarcomas, and anterior lens displacement associated with aqueous misdirection glaucoma. Clinical signs and current therapeutic options are discussed for the general practitioner. A close working relationship with the regional veterinary ophthalmologist is advised.     

Intracapsular lensectomy and sulcus intraocular lens fixation in dogs with primary lens luxation or subluxation

Objective  To evaluate the postoperative results of lensectomy and sulcus intraocular lens fixation (SIOLF) via an ab interno approach in dogs with progressive lens subluxation or early luxation.
Study design  Retrospective study.
Animals studied  Twenty eyes from 19 dogs presented to the Animal Eye Clinic for lens luxation or subluxation between 1999 and 2006.
Methods  Medical records were reviewed to evaluate preoperative lens position, vision status, intraocular pressure (IOP), and whether surgery was performed on an emergent or elective nature. Lensectomy and SIOLF were performed and postoperative status including vision, glaucoma, and retinal detachment was assessed.
Results  Average age was 8.6 years (range 4–14 years) and 55% (11/20) were terriers. Patients were followed a mean of 29.2 months (range 1–92 months) after surgery. Retinal detachment or secondary glaucoma was observed in 1 of 20 (5%) and 5 of 20 (20%) eyes, respectively, with 1 of 20 (5%) exhibiting both. Mean preoperative IOP was 16 mmHg and preoperative lens position was equally divided between luxated and subluxated lenses. Surgery was performed more frequently as an elective procedure (18/20; 90%) due to normalized IOP vs. an emergency procedure (2/20; 10%). Vision was retained in 70% (14/20) of eyes with a mean time to vision loss of 41 months in the remaining eyes due to glaucoma, retinal detachment, or retinal degeneration.
Conclusions  Complications of glaucoma and retinal detachment after SIOLF in this study were less when compared with previously reported incidence rates in the literature for lensectomy alone which may reflect improved patient selection.     

膜下滴灌条件下膜下凝结水对滴灌带的影响分析

针对膜下滴灌技术应用中出现的膜下凝结水珠透镜体对滴灌带的烧伤问题进行了试验研究,统计出田间具有破坏作用的凝结水珠的直径分布;观测了不同直径的水珠烧伤滴灌带所用的时间及产生的焦距.试验表明,直径大于6 mm的水珠透镜体对滴灌带的烧伤作用很明显,熔化滴灌带所用时间均不超过20 min;水珠直径越大,烧伤滴灌带所用时间越短;水珠透镜体产生的焦距随水珠直径而增大.提出了防止这一问题出现的具体措施,对改进膜下滴灌技术的应用有帮助.     

N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸抗1型糖尿病模型比格犬晶状体上皮氧化损伤的作用

本研究旨在探讨N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)对1型糖尿病模型比格犬晶状体上皮氧化损伤的影响。将40只2～3岁比格犬随机分为对照组(CON组)、糖尿病模型组(DM组)、胰岛素治疗组(INS组)、NAC联合胰岛素治疗组(NAC+INS组)和NAC治疗组(NAC组),每组8只，各治疗组试验犬模型建立持续120 d。在造模前及造模后按试验设定时间对犬进行空腹血糖监测、胰岛素释放试验、房水葡萄糖测定、用裂隙灯进行白内障等级评定。对眼晶状体上皮进行病理组织学观察的同时，利用ELISA、RT-PCR等方法对晶状体内氧化应激指标进行检测。试验结果显示：空腹血糖监测和胰岛素释放试验显示，成功建立了1型糖尿病比格犬模型；与CON组相比，DM组犬在试验结束时，血清及房水葡萄糖显著升高(P<0.05),晶状体功能明显下降；裂隙灯结果显示，DM组犬的晶状体混浊等级在试验结束时达Ⅳ级，其余4组并未出现明显皮质混浊迹象，且DM组的晶状体上皮出现细胞核固缩和坏死小体等较为明显的病理变化；NAC、INS和NAC+INS组血糖虽呈下降趋势，但仍高于CON组，其中，NAC+INS组血糖较DM组显著下降(P<0...