采前壳聚糖对厚皮甜瓜果实潜伏侵染及其采后主要病害的控制

采用1 g/L的壳聚糖分别在"银帝"甜瓜开花前1周、幼果期、果实膨大期、网纹形成期对植株进行1、2、3、4次喷洒.结果表明:采前壳聚糖处理可有效降低甜瓜果实采后病害的真菌潜伏侵染率、Alternaria alternata和Fusariumspp.的潜伏侵染率.随着处理次数的增加,潜伏侵染率依次降低,其中以4次处理效果最好.此外,采前壳聚糖3次和4次处理还可有效抑制采后果实损伤接种A.alternata和F.semitectum病斑面积的扩大.     

不同营养条件对羊肚菌菌核形成的影响

菌核形成与羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)子实体的形成有密切的关系.以PDA培养基为基础培养基,通过添加其他物质培养羊肚菌菌丝,观察菌核生长情况,从而初步判断其形成菌核的培养基限定条件.结果表明,碳源营养添加物为淀粉和乳糖,浓度为10 g·L-1;氮源添加物为NH4HCO3、KNO3和甘氨酸,浓度为25...     

Chronic tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a domestic donkey in Central Europe

Bovine tuberculosis is a contagious and zoonotic disease of animals and humans. In Europe, the number of reported cases of tuberculosis has decreased. Equidae are relatively rarely infected even in endemic areas. The presented report describes a case of chronic Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in a 30-year-old female donkey. The donkey initially presented with persistent lymphadenopathy; however, as the disease progressed, weight loss became apparent. To the authors' knowledge, this is the second confirmed case of tuberculosis in a donkey in Europe.     

准噶尔盆地沙漠增温效应对棉花光合速率、蒸腾速率的影响

沙漠增温效应导致了绿洲不同区域热量资源的分异[1],为了进一步了解沙漠增温效应对绿洲不同区域作物的影响,本文通过在准噶尔盆地沙漠区、距沙漠20 km、70 km区域进行试验,从棉花生理生态的角度分析了准噶尔盆地不同区域的农田小气候、棉花净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)的差异。结果表明:(1)准噶尔盆地三个区域之间的光合作用有效辐射差异不大;(2)不同区域的大气温度均呈单峰曲线,距沙漠越近的区域温度越高;(3)不同区域的相对湿度都呈现不断下降的趋势;(4)影响区域间Pn、Tr差异的主要因素是气温的差异。     

基于MODIS遥感资料估算高原地表潜热通量

利用2014年夏季青藏高原9个观测站的实测资料,首先分析了夏季高原地区的湍流输送特征,并对MODIS(Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)地表潜热产品在高原地区的适用性进行检验,进一步在潜热模型中引入MODIS昼夜地表温度来估算研究区的地表潜热,并将估算值与实测值进行对比。结果表明:下垫面以裸土/稀疏植被为主的阿里站能量输送以感热为主,其他观测站的湍流输送则以潜热输送为主;MODIS潜热产品在高原各地区的适用性存在差异,产品在高原东部偏东地区适用性较好,其他地区适用性较差,且高原西部的潜热有效数据大量缺失;而新提出的方法不仅可以弥补高原西部地表潜热的缺失,还可以提高地表潜热的估算精度,估算值与实测值之间相关系数达到0.77,均方根误差仅为29.8 W/m2,相对误差为35.59%;模型给出的高原地区地表潜热区域分布特征与高原的地表覆盖类型吻合较好,说明模型给出的高原地表潜热分布是合理的。     

Analysis on the Effect of Moisture Migration through Walls on Heat Transfer

A dynamic mathematical model for simulating the coupled heat and moisture transfer through walls was proposed with variable material properties. Relative humidity and temperature were chosen as the driving potentials. The temperature and relative humidity and heat flux of wall surface were calculated under varying boundary conditions and compared with those without taking moisture transfer into account. The results show that without and with absorption and desorption processes, the wall interior surface temperature amplitude of the former case is lager than that of the latter, and the average difference temperature of two cases is 0.9℃. The phase change latent heat caused by absorption and desorption of wall surface takes up 27.5% of the total heat transfer quantity, which cant be neglected.     

基于GOES数据和弱约束变分的地表水热通量估算

基于弱约束的四维变分方法和陆面过程模式发展了一个地表温度的陆面数据同化系统。本文反演了地球静止业务环境卫星(Geostationary operational environmental satellite,GOES)的地表温度,并将反演的地表温度同化入陆面过程模式,改进陆面过程模式中地表水热通量的估算精度。以弱约束的变分方法通过在代价函数中增加弱约束项代替陆面过程模式动力方程组中存在的模式误差,构建新的代价函数并对其优化,从而改善模式中显热与潜热的估算精度。将GOES地表温度与实测地表温度进行比较,其均方根误差(RMSE)作为试验中的观测误差。选择美国通量网AmeriFlux中2个主要农业站点的气象和通量数据作为试验数据,对同化系统进行驱动和验证。结果表明同化后的地表温度、潜/显热估算精度均有提高。其中,各站地表温度RMSE平均仅为1 K,显热通量平均RMSE下降22 W/m2,潜热通量平均RMSE下降26 W/m2。因此结合陆面过程模式的弱约束变分方法同化GOES反演温度产品估算近地表水热通量的方法是有效且可行的。     

《读者》宗教性特质十年透析

从编排导向、内容定位和广告设置等3个侧面对《读者》近十年的期刊进行了分析,发现《读者》中间蕴含着深深的宗教性特质.这种特质依次可分为3个层面,即显性宗教层面、隐性宗教层面和拜物宗教层面.显性宗教层面折射了祖先崇拜的痕迹,隐性宗教层面偏好于人性的取舍,而广告的设置上则隐含着深深的拜物教的因素,这3个层面互相影响,制约着《读者》的进一步发展.     

香蕉内生炭疽菌鉴定及致病性测定

通过对香蕉内生炭疽菌(Colletotrichum spp.)的分类地位和致病性测定,确认香蕉内生炭疽菌为芭蕉炭疽菌(Colletotrichum musae),对香蕉果实具有致病性,病菌可从伤口侵入或直接侵入果皮致病,引起不同程度的果实腐烂。试验结果表明,香蕉内生炭疽菌是香蕉炭疽病的潜伏侵染菌源。     

New mite-borne virus isolates from rakkyo,shallot and wild leek species

Flexuous viruses were transmitted from rakkyo (Allium chinense) and wild leek species (especiallyA. commutatum) to plants of crow garlic (A. vineale), by transfer of dry bulb mites. By electron microscope decoration tests using three antisera and by inoculations onto test plants, it was concluded that from each of the two natural host species at least two viruses were isolated. The viruses from wild leeks are both pathogenic onAllium spp. and may be of economic importance. Decoration tests on a virus mixture from shallot obtained earlier, revealed another new mite-borne virus in this species. The mite-borne viruses ofAllium spp. appear to be very common; they are largely diverse and their identification remains difficult.