Up-regulation of miR-181a attenuates releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV,fibronectin and α-SMA in human bronchial epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of microRNA-181a (miR-181a) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced the productions of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). METHODS: CSE-induced miR-181a expression was detected by RT-qPCR in the HBECs. After tansfected with miR-181a mimic, the releases of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by ELISA, the protein expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA was determined by Western blot. The activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway was also evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: CSE increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA, and decreased the expression of miR-181a in the HBECs (P<0.05). However, transfected with miR-181a mimic partially prevented the releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1, and inhibited the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA (P<0.05). Additionally, the activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 evoked by CSE was attenuated after transfected with miR-181a mimic. CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of miR-181a prevents the releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA in the HBECs, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.     

Production of Lectins from Marine Algae: Current Status,Challenges, and Opportunities for Non-Destructive Extraction

Marine algae are an excellent source of novel lectins. The isolation of lectins from marine algae expands the diversity in structure and carbohydrate specificities of lectins isolated from other sources. Marine algal lectins have been reported to have antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activity. Lectins are typically isolated from marine algae by grinding the algal tissue with liquid nitrogen and extracting with buffer and alcohol. While this method produces higher yields, it may not be sustainable for large-scale production, because a large amount of biomass is required to produce a minute amount of compound, and a significant amount of waste is generated during the extraction process. Therefore, non-destructive extraction using algal culture water could be used to ensure a continuous supply of lectins without exclusively disrupting the marine algae. This review discusses the traditional and recent advancements in algal lectin extraction methods over the last decade, as well as the steps required for large-scale production. The challenges and prospects of various extraction methods (destructive and non-destructive) are also discussed.     

不同种植年限大棚菜田土壤水溶性盐分的变化特征

采集新乡市不同种植年限大棚菜田、露天菜田及大田土壤共计160个样品,调查分析水溶性盐总量、各盐分离子的变化及土壤pH值。结果表明,大棚土壤在连续种植不同年限后,水溶性盐总量上升幅度与种植年限呈极显著相关(r=0.92**);K+、Na+、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO24-含量与种植年限呈正相关,而Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-含量变化与种植年限呈负相关;土壤pH值降低幅度与种植年限呈极显著相关;K+、Na+、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-的含量均与土壤水溶性盐总量呈极显著相关。新乡市大棚菜田土壤中Cl-、NO2-、NO3-含量与pH值变化存在极显著负相关;SO42-含量与pH值变化存在显著负相关;HCO3-与土壤pH值变化存在极显著正相关。新乡市大棚菜田阳离子以K+、Na+为主,阴离子主要以Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-为主;不同种植年限对大棚土壤盐渍化和酸化有极显著影响,K+、Na+、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-则是造成土壤盐渍化的重要原因,Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-是造成土壤酸化的重要原因。     

黄山花楸种子休眠影响因素

对黄山花楸(Sorbus amabilis)种子休眠的解剖结构基础与影响条件进行了试验研究。结果表明:黄山花楸种子由种皮和胚2部分组成。胚形态发育完全,种皮表面覆一层角质层,胚根端和子叶端的种皮细胞排列明显比中间部位密集;种子透水性障碍不明显而透气性障碍显著;未处理的完整种子萌发率为0,种胚、种胚去除不同量子叶处理萌发率为86.67%～96.67%;种子去除不同部位种皮的萌发率在90%以上。表明黄山花楸种胚无休眠,种皮透性、特别是透气性对休眠有一定影响,种子休眠主要是种皮的机械障碍引起的物理休眠。     

猪链球菌噬菌体SMP末端酶大亚基单位的活性研究

末端酶(terminase)是dsDNA病毒包装过程中的必要功能蛋白,其大亚基单位在包装过程中往往行使全酶的作用,一般具有ATP酶活性和限制性内切酶活性。噬菌体SMP是猪链球菌2型的烈性噬菌体,本研究以SMP基因组为模板,扩增SMP末端酶大亚基单位基因(TlsSMP),构建pEASY-E1-Tls重组质粒,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达,并对TlsSMP融合蛋白进行活性检测。结果显示,末端酶大亚基单位在大肠杆菌中呈可溶性表达,具有ATP酶生物学活性,在pH7、23℃和Mg2+存在的条件下,其活性最强,其他金属离子如Ca2+、Mn2+和Co2+都对其有不同程度的抑制作用。本研究为进一步研究猪链球菌噬菌体的包装机制奠定基础。     

益生菌在治疗炎症性肠病方面的应用

从炎症性肠疾病（IBDs）的发病原因入手,重点阐述了益生菌在调节肠道菌群平衡、维护肠粘膜屏膜功能以及调节肠相关免疫体系平衡缓解和治疗炎症性肠疾病方面的作用机理。     

大马力拖拉机发展现状研究

大马力拖拉机在增收、节能、环保等方面有着不可比拟的优势,通过分析国内大马力拖拉机发展中遇到的问题,提出了通过政策的扶持、基础配件发展、引进先进技术与自主研发相结合、企业间相互合作等发展思路,为拖拉机发展提出了建议。     

四川和黄淮生态区小麦品种(系)主要产量性状比较

采用来自四川和河南两地区的主栽小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)品种和2012年两地部分区试小麦品系共27个材料,在河南辉县地区种植,随机区组法2次重复,生长期间和收获后调查产量结构性状,研究南方和北方生态区小麦品种产量构成的差异.比较分析结果表明:①四川品种在北方种植,其产量明显低于北方品种;②四川品种的穗粒数高于北方品种,但穗数和粒重低于北方品种;③北方的多穗型品种在北方生态区种植易获得高产,大穗型品种在产量结构合理的条件下也能获得较高产量;④单位面积穗数是北方冬麦区构成小麦产量的第一因素;⑤大穗型品种播量对单位面积穗数调节效果不明显.上述结果说明,不同类型生态区小麦最佳产量结构差异较大,北方品种高产主导因素是单位面积穗数,南方品种优势倾向于穗粒数.     

小麦种植大户农业新技术需求意愿影响因素分析——基于河南省790户小麦种植大户的调查数据

[目的]深入了解影响小麦种植大户农业新技术需求意愿的主要因素,为农业技术推广配套改革方案的制定提供理论依据.[方法]以河南省790户小麦种植大户调查材料为依据,运用二元Logistic回归模型对小麦种植大户农业新技术需求意愿及其影响因素进行实证分析,并提出对策建议.[结果]户主性别、年龄、文化程度、合作社成员身份、对国家粮食补贴政策的满意度、技术风险感知、技术关注频率、新技术的易用程度、对农技推广员的服务满意度等变量显著影响小麦种植大户对新品种的需求意愿;户主性别、年龄、文化程度、种植规模、合作社成员身份、对国家粮食补贴政策的满意度、技术风险感知、技术关注频率、新技术的易用程度、对农技推广员的服务满意度等变量显著影响小麦种植大户对病虫害防治技术的需求意愿;户主性别、文化程度、合作社成员身份、国家粮食补贴金额、对国家粮食补贴政策的满意度、技术风险感知、技术关注频率、新技术的易用程度对农技推广员的服务满意度等变量显著影响小麦种植大户对测土配方施肥技术的需求意愿;户主性别、文化程度、是否兼业、种植规模、合作社成员、国家粮食补贴金额、对国家粮食补贴政策的满意度、技术风险感知、技术关注频率、新技术的易用程度、对农技推广员的服务满意度等变量显著影响小麦种植大户对机械化技术的需求意愿.[建议]应提升小麦种植大户对农业技术认知水平、加大农村土地流转力度、鼓励适度规模经营、加大新型农业技术补贴力度、加强农业社会化服务体系建设,以扩大农业新技术的推广范围及应用效率.