槽式堆肥中搅拌螺旋输送能力的研究

针对深槽式堆肥系统的搅拌螺旋物料输送能力展开研究.在特定的工作倾角下,调整搅拌螺旋的旋转速度和横向移动速度,计量物料的输送状态.实验表明:在不同的横向运动方向上,搅拌螺旋的输送能力不同;较高的转速和较低的横向移动速度有利于物料输送.     

奶牛饲喂装置中螺旋输送器的设计及三维造型

螺旋输送器用于物料输送过程的设计在设计资料中较为常见,但它应用于奶牛饲喂装置时,从设计角度讲有许多特殊性。螺旋输送器的主要尺寸及动力参数设计得是否合理,将直接影响到物料的计量精度。为此,对奶牛饲喂装置中螺旋输送器的设计做了较为详尽的论述,并对其三维造型过程进行了简要的论述。     

Involvement of Bradyrhizobium japonicum denitrification in symbiotic nitrogen fixation by soybean plants subjected to flooding

Denitrification by Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids contributes to nitric oxide (NO) production within soybean nodules in response to flooding conditions. However, the physiological relevance of NO production by denitrification in B. japonicum-Glycine max symbiosis is still unclear. In this work, soybean plants were inoculated with B. japonicum strains lacking the nirK or norC genes which encode the copper-containing nitrite reductase and the c-type nitric oxide reductase enzymes, respectively. 14 days flooding increased nodule number of plants inoculated with the WT and norC strains, but not of plants inoculated with the nirK mutant. However, nodule dry weight was not affected by 14 days flooding regardless of the strain used for inoculation. Supporting this observation, individual nodule growth was significantly higher in plants inoculated with nirK than those inoculated with WT or norC after 14 days flooding. Nodule functioning was strongly inhibited by flooding since leghemoglobin content of the nodules induced by any of the strains was significantly decreased after 7 or 14 days flooding compared to control plants. However, this effect was more relevant in nodules of plants inoculated with the WT or norC mutant than in those inoculated with the nirK mutant. Nitrogen fixation was also estimated by analyzing nitrogen content derived from biological nitrogen fixation in shoots, using the ¹⁵N isotope dilution technique. By using this approach, we observed that the negative effect of 14 days flooding on nitrogen fixation was more pronounced in plants inoculated with the norC mutant. However, nitrogen fixation of plants inoculated with nirK showed the highest tolerance to 14 days flooding. These findings allowed us to demonstrate the previously proposed hypothesis which suggests that NO formed by copper-containing nitrite reductase in soybean nodules, in response to flooding, has a negative effect on nitrogenase activity. We propose that inoculation of soybeans with a B. japonicum nirK mutant, which does not produce NO from nitrate, increases the tolerance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to flooding.     

人工修复措施对严重退化红壤固碳效益的影响

固碳效益是侵蚀退化地水土保持效益的重要组成部分,其对全面评价生态修复意义重大.从人工促进生态修复林分固碳功能出发,以裸露地为对照,不同人工修复措施林分为研究对象,对其碳储量及固碳价值进行了研究.结果表明,人工修复显著增加了植被碳库和土壤碳库的碳储量,强烈干扰马尾松、竹节沟马尾松、种草竹节沟马尾松和竹节沟湿地松植被碳库分别为6.12,6.83,8.20和32.69 t/hm2,其土壤碳库分别为裸露地的1.16,1.37,1.60和2.71倍,固碳总价值分别比裸露地增加了0.36,0.60,0.87和2.78倍.     

γ射线辐射对木材构造和材性的影响

该文在归纳高能射线的种类和高能射线辐射对木材作用机理的基础上 ,详细地归纳了高能射线 ,特别是γ射线辐射对木材构造和木材化学、物理、力学性质的影响 .本质上 ,当射线辐射剂量较高时 ,将引起木材细胞壁结晶度降低 ,细胞壁主成分分子链切断 ;当射线辐射剂量较低时 ,可能导致细胞壁主成分产生交联 .在此基础上 ,作者提出了利用γ射线辐射固定木材变定和研究木材变定永久固定机理的构想     

诱导根瘤菌与玉米结瘤共生的研究

以２,４－Ｄ处理玉米苗并接种根瘤菌,诱导根瘤菌与玉米苗结瘤共生．试验结果如下：５个玉米品种的始瘤期仅需２～３ｄ,结瘤率高达９０％～１００％,固氮酶活性（乙炔还原法）在４５～５５ｎｍｏｌ株－１ｄ－１之间．在闽单８８中,还出现琼脂液化、结红瘤等特殊现象．经显微镜观察表明,根瘤菌可从弯曲、膨大、变形的根毛侵入,可形成类侵入线;瘤组织细胞内含有数量众多的根瘤菌菌体．说明了２,４－Ｄ能诱导根瘤菌进入非豆科植物根瘤,并能在瘤内繁殖．     

带悬板排沙漏斗三维流场测试

本文首次利用激光多普勒测速仪（ＬＤＡ）测试了排沙漏斗的三维螺旋流流场，并对其时均流特性及紊动特性进行了分析。     

基于MATLAB挖坑机螺旋钻头参数的研究

根据螺旋钻头的升土理论 ,基于 MATL AB程序设计 ,得出了挖坑机螺旋钻头的运动参数及结构参数关系曲线 ,并对这些曲线的变化趋势及相互间的影响进行了分析 ,指出在设计挖坑机时选择各参数应考虑的因素     

关于光呼吸与光合作用关系的研究——Ⅶ、光呼吸是伴随光合作用发生的过程

测定水稻、小麦、棉花等C_3植物和玉米、高粱等C_4植物的光合与光呼吸强度,研究不同处理对光合与光呼吸的影响。植物的光呼吸是与光合作用伴随发生的。强光、高氮等有利光合作用的因素能促进光呼吸;DCMU、叶片失水等抑制光合作用的因素也降低光呼吸。在光合滞后期中,光合强度与光呼吸强度平行上升。在同类植物中,光呼吸强度与光合强度之间有较稳定的比值,C_3、C_4植物的光呼吸占光合分别为30—35％和4％。     

Achieving food and nutritional security through agroforestry: a case of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Faidherbia albida</Emphasis> in sub-Saharan Africa

Faidherbia albida is an ideal agroforestry tree commonly intercropped with annual crops like millet and groundnuts in the dry and densely populated areas of Africa. With its peculiar reverse phenology, it makes growth demands at a different time from that of crops. In addition, it deposits great amount of organic fertilizer on food crops. Leaves entering soils are comparable to fertilization of almost 50 t·ha 1 ·year 1 of manure in dense stands of 50 large trees per ha. These nutrients help maximize agricultural production and reduce the need for a fallow period on poorer soils. Research has shown that millet grown under F. albida yielded 2.5 and 3.4 fold increases in grain and protein, respectively. Animals eat pods which contain mean amounts of crude protein of 20.63% and carbohydrate of 40.1% in seeds. Moreover, the continued existence of F. albida in agroforestry parklands as in Ethiopia and Mali signifies the success of traditional conservation measures. Modern scientists have also developed much interest in the role of agroforestry in maintaining long-term biological balance between agriculture and livestock production systems. To ensure food security, which still remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, and concurrently minimize environmental degradation, promotion of agroforestry that specifically involves indigenous trees is crucial. We discuss the prospective role of F. albida in alleviating poverty while simultaneously protecting the environment from factors associated with, for example, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. The overall aim is to promote wide-scale adoption of F. albida as a valuable tree crop in farming systems, particularly in those areas where it remains unexploited.