Effects of Carvacrol and Thymol on Colonic Microorganisms in Weaned Piglets

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of carvacrol and thymol on the relative abundance of colonic microorganisms in weaned piglets and their metabolic pathways.A total of sixty four 28-day-old (8.5 kg±1.0 kg) weaned piglets were divided into 4 groups with 16 replicate of 1 piglet:Group A (control group,basal diet),group B (basal diet＋20 g/T carvacrol),group C (basal diet＋20 g/T thymol),and group D (basal diet＋20 g/T carvacrol-thymol blend (mass ratio 2:1)).The experiment lasted 30 d.The sequencing was taken based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform,and using paired-end sequencing (Paired-End) method.Perform species annotation and abundance were analysized by clustering OTUs,and alpha diversity analysis、beta diversity analysis、significant species difference analysis and functional gene prediction analysis were further conducted.The results showed as follow:①The colonic microorganisms biodiversity of the experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).②The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the colon of group D was extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01),significantly higher than groups B and C (P<0.05),the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher than that of control group and group C (P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Epsilonbacteraeota,Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria were extremely significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01).The relative abundance of Campylobacter in the colon of group D was extremely significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01),that of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in group D was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.05),that of Roseburia in group D was extremely significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.01),that of Helicobacter was extremely significantly lower than that of group A (P<0.01).③The lipid metabolism level of colonic microorganisms in group D was extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01),and colonic microbial carbohydrate metabolites,biosynthetic of other secondary metabolites and other amino acid metabolism level were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05),and energy metabolism level of colonic microorganisms was extremely significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01).In conclusion,under the condition of this experiment,dietary supplementation with 20 g/t carvacrol-thymol improved the microbial community structure of colonic microorganisms in weaned piglets.The relative abundance of colonic beneficial bacteria was increased,the relative abundance of colonic harmful bacteria was decreased,and positively affected the metabolic function of colonic microorganisms.     

早期断奶乳猪料配方及配制技术的研究

选用４２窝４０６头不同品种（长白×大约，长白，杜×长×大）的乳猪分成两组进行了两次小试筛选和１次中试验证，与占领国内乳猪料市场的某中外合资企业乳猪料进行对比试验。中试试验各项饲养性能指标分别为：０～５６日龄日增重试验组３２７．８６ｇ，对照组３１６．２５ｇ，试验组比对照组提高３．６７％，０～５６日龄料肉比分别为０．９４∶１和０．９８∶１，试验组比对照组降低４．０８％，育成率均为９９．５％。上述指标差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但试验组较对照组降低成本１０．４７％，提高经济效益１３．８６％。     

以可消化氨基酸设计仔猪日粮试验

选择 2 8日龄断奶杜长大三元杂交仔猪 60头 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 15头 ,分别饲喂以总氨基酸或可消化氨基酸为基础设计饲粮 ,研究其对仔猪生产性能和经济效益的影响。结果表明 :在可消化氨基酸相同条件下 ,适当降低饲粮粗蛋白质水平 ,并不影响仔猪生产性能 ( P>0 .0 5) ,且有利于控制腹泻和提高经济效益 ,但总氨基酸含量相同饲粮 ,其生产性能差异显著 ( P〈0 .0 5)。故生产上以可消化氨基酸设计日粮比总氨基酸设计日粮更合理 ,更接近仔猪对氨基酸需要。     

抗仔猪腹泻高免全蛋粉的制备及效果评价

利用猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、轮状病毒三联油佐剂苗和大肠杆菌K88、K99、P987多价灭活苗免疫健康蛋鸡，收集高免蛋，通过喷雾干燥法制备高免全蛋粉，并对干燥条件进行优化；结果显示：采用进风温度180℃、进料速度10mL／min、干燥速度5s、出口温度70℃喷雾的高免全蛋粉质量较好；动物试验结果表明：在早期断奶仔猪日粮中添加0．5％高免全蛋粉替代抗生素不仅可以有效降低仔猪腹泻发生率，而且能够明显提高仔猪生产性能。     

谷氨酰胺对免疫应激仔猪肠道指数的影响研究

本试验采用2×2析因设计,选用96头(28±2)d的(大白×长白)断奶仔猪[平均体重(7.24±0.36)kg],按体重相近原则随机分为4组,第Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第Ⅱ组为脂多糖(LPS)免疫应激组,在试验开始7d后注射100μg/kg的LPS;第Ⅲ组为谷氨酰胺(Gln)组,饲喂含Gln浓度为1.2%的日粮;第Ⅳ组为Gln+LPS免疫应激组,饲喂含Gln浓度为1.2%的日粮,7d后注射100μg/kg的LPS,研究谷氨酰胺对免疫应激仔猪肠道指数的影响。试验期14d。结果显示:LPS免疫应激极显著降低了免疫应激仔猪的小肠指数(P0.01),添加Gln极显著提高了免疫应激仔猪的小肠指数和大肠指数(P0.01)。日粮类型与应激的交互作用对仔猪的小肠指数和大肠指数的影响均不显著(P0.05)。     

泌乳期山羊腺垂体中ERα和ERβ的分布特点

为了获得ERα和ERβ在泌乳期参与腺垂体激素分泌的调节机理的形态学依据,试验采集泌乳初期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期山羊的腺垂体,用免疫组化SP法检测了ERα和ERβ在腺垂体的分布.结果表明,山羊腺垂体中ER两种亚型分布在腺垂体远侧部的嗜色细胞中；ERα阳性细胞数量随泌乳时间逐渐减少,泌乳初期和泌乳后期多呈胞质阳性,高峰期呈胞...     

Effect of different levels of mannan‐oligosaccharide supplementation on the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients,N‐balance and growth performance of weaned piglets

Several studies report that dietary mannan‐oligosaccharides (MOSs) improve the growth performance of piglets, however, only a few studies focus on nutrient digestibility. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary MOS on ileal digestibility of nutrients and on N‐balance and growth performance of piglets weaned at 28 days of age. Three experiments were conducted: a digestibility trial with a total of 30, simple T‐cannulated piglets (Exp. 1), a N‐balance trial with a total of 48 intact piglets (Exp. 2) and a performance trial with a total of 324 piglets (Exp. 3). In Exp. 1 and 2, the same five dietary treatments were carried out by supplementing the basal diet with 0, 1, 2, 4 g MOS or with 0.2 g antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, Avilamycin) per kg of diet. In Exp. 3, three dietary treatments were used as follows: the basal diet was supplemented no additive, 2 g MOS or 0.2 g AGP (Avilamycin) per kg of diet. Dietary MOS (2 or 4 g/kg) enhanced the ileal digestibility of crude protein similar to antibiotics. Addition of 1 g/kg MOS significantly increased the digestibility of Ca and P by 8.4% and 7.7% units, respectively; however, further increment did not enhance the absorption. Addition of 1 or 2 g/kg MOS significantly increased the ileal digestibility of lysine, methionine, cystine and threonine with the same magnitude or even more than the AGP. In our study, MOS supplementation had no influence on N‐balance and growth parameters. Because of the better apparent ileal digestibility of certain nutrients, however, the protein, lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, Ca and P contents of the diet can probably be reduced without weakening the rearing performance of piglets, when the diet is supplemented with 2 g/kg MOS.     

山羊miRNA研究进展

miRNA作为一类内源性的,小型非编码RNA,通过其种子序列与靶基因互作,以序列特异性方式调控靶基因的表达,参与多种生理、生化和病理的过程.本文综述了近年来miRNA在山羊泌乳生理、肌肉生长和发育、毛囊皮肤发育和繁殖生理等方面的研究,为相关研究提供参考.     

寡聚糖对仔猪肠道菌群及生长性能影响的研究

试验研究了饲料中添加寡聚糖对哺乳仔猪和断乳仔猪生产性能和肠道菌群的影响。选择了 10窝仔猪 ,随机分为 5组 ,每组两窝。第 1组 (对照组 )日粮为以玉米、豆粕为主的基础日粮 ,第 2 ,3,4 ,5组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加 0 .0 5% ,0 .10 % ,0 .2 0 % ,0 .35%的寡聚糖。试验分为两个阶段 ,7～ 2 8日龄断乳 ,断乳～ 56日龄结束。 2 1日龄取粪样进行大肠杆菌、 p H、水分测定 ,4 2日龄每组屠宰 3头仔猪取盲肠、结肠、直肠进行双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌、 p H、水分测定。结果表明 ,在哺乳阶段 ,寡聚糖能显著 ( P <0 .0 5)降低粪便中的大肠杆菌数量和 p H,但对哺乳仔猪的生产性能和粪便中的水分含量影响不显著 ( P >0 .0 5)。在断乳后 ,0 .10 %的寡聚糖添加量能显著( P <0 .0 5)提高仔猪的日增重、降低料肉比、减少腹泻率的发生 ,0 .35%的寡聚糖添加量对仔猪的生产性能没有影响。 0 .10 %与 0 .2 0 %的寡聚糖添加量能显著 ( P <0 .0 5)抑制直肠中大肠杆菌的增殖 ,促进结肠中双歧杆菌的增殖。寡聚糖对盲肠、结肠、直肠中的 p H的影响差异不显著 ,但能显著 ( P <0 .0 5)降低直肠中的水分含量。     

卡介苗对断乳仔猪免疫功能的影响

为了避免个体差异,在２窝仔猪中各选择６头,共１２头仔猪随机分成对照组（６头）和试验组（６头）,在４０日龄时分别肌注卡介苗（试验组）和等量生理盐水（对照组）,于接种前（０ｄ）和接种后３、７、１０、１４ｄ采血检测,研究结果表明,卡介苗能在３ｄ内提高断卫猪淋巴细胞转化率和血清杀菌能力,分别在第７ｄ和第３ｄ达到高峰,此后,于第１０ｄ和第７ｄ开始迅速降低,而对白细胞总数和活性Ｔ淋巴细胞则无显著影响。试验结果表明,卡介苗能显著增强断乳仔猪的细胞免疫水平和机体的抗病能力。