饲粮中添加鼠李糖乳酸杆菌GG缓解轮状病毒感染诱导仔猪氧化应激的研究

本研究旨在探讨鼠李糖乳酸杆菌GG(LGG)对轮状病毒(RV)感染诱导的断奶仔猪氧化应激的缓解作用。试验选取24头平均体重为(6.69±0.32)kg健康的21日龄断奶的"杜×长×大"去势公猪,采用2×2双因子试验设计,饲粮中添加0和109CFU/kg LGG;仔猪接受RV感染(灌服RV)或不感染(灌服无菌培养液)处理,RV感染于试验第15天早上进行。试验期为19 d。结果表明,RV感染显著提高了仔猪的腹泻指数和料重比(F/G)(P0.05),显著提高了十二指肠、空肠、回肠和血清中丙二醛(MDA)水平(P0.05),显著降低了空肠中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)及十二指肠、空肠、回肠和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05),显著降低了空肠和血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P0.05)。添加LGG显著影响了仔猪腹泻指数、F/G、空肠中MDA水平和T-SOD活性,及血清中GSH-Px活性(P0.05),显著影响了空肠和血清中T-AOC(P0.05);并可显著缓解RV感染诱导引起的仔猪腹泻率提高和空肠、血清T-AOC的下降(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮LGG的添加可以降低仔猪的料重比,并可缓解RV感染诱导的断奶仔猪腹泻,这可能源于LGG提高了仔猪机体(尤其是肠道)抗氧化能力,维持机体正常氧化还原平衡,继而增强仔猪的抗病力。     

复合抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清细胞因子含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮复合抗菌肽水平对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清细胞因子含量的影响。将90头26日龄的健康杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪按体重相近、公母各占1/2的原则随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg黄芪多糖,250、500和1 000 mg/kg的复合抗菌肽,试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加250、500和1 000 mg/kg复合抗菌肽和400 mg/kg黄芪多糖均能提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重,降低料重比,且1 000 mg/kg复合抗菌肽的效果均优于400 mg/kg黄芪多糖。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加250 mg/kg复合抗菌肽显著或极显著提高断奶仔猪血清白介素-2(IL-2)(46和53日龄)、白介素-4(IL-4)(39、46和53日龄)、白介素-6(IL-6)(39、46和53日龄)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)(32、39、46和53日龄)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)(53日龄)的含量(P0.05或P0.01);在整个试验期间,除饲粮中添加500 mg/kg复合抗菌肽对32日龄断奶仔猪血清IL-2、IL-4含量和饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg复合抗菌肽对32日龄断奶仔猪血清IL-4含量无显著影响(P0.05)外,饲粮中添加500和1 000 mg/kg复合抗菌肽均显著或极显著提高断奶仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ和TNF-α含量(P0.05或P0.01),且效果均优于400 mg/kg黄芪多糖。由此可见,饲粮中添加复合抗菌肽能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能及免疫功能,以添加量为1 000 mg/kg时效果较好。     

Effects of dietary star anise (Illicium verum Hook f) supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating multiparous sows and nursing piglets

Thirty‐two sows were allocated to four treatments to evaluate the effect of dietary star anise (SA) supplementation during gestation and lactation on the lactational performance of sows. At 85 days of gestation, sows were randomly allotted to one of two diets supplemented with 0.5% SA or basal diet. After farrowing, sows were further allotted to one of two lactation diets supplemented with 0.5% SA or basal diet. On a weekly basis, body weight (BW) of sows and piglets was measured. Blood and milk samples were obtained from the sows and piglets. Number of days from weaning to estrus, milk yield and feed intake were also recorded. Weight gain of piglets from sows fed the SA‐supplemented diet during lactation was greater between days 7 and 14, days 14 and 21 and the overall experimental period compared with control groups. Supplementation of SA during lactation improved weaning weight of piglets, milk yield and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows. The SA diet increased concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in ordinary milk and prolactin (PRL) in serum of sows. In conclusion, this study has indicated the beneficial effects of dietary SA addition in improving the lactation performance of sows.     

酸汤添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

为研究酸汤添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能以及血清生化指标的影响,试验选用断奶日龄31 d,体重(5.34±0.86)kg的健康断奶仔猪54头,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头猪。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%的酸汤,试验Ⅵ组在基础日粮中添加0.1%复合益生菌,进行为期47 d的饲养试验。饲养试验结束前5 d,每组选留3头猪进行消化试验。结果表明:与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅴ组与试验Ⅵ组的日均采食量(ADFI)分别显著提高了20.75%、27.86%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组的日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅴ组的腹泻率降低36.78%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组的粗纤维消化率分别提高14.63%、23.59%、16.62%、19.64%(P<0.05);试验Ⅴ组与试验Ⅵ组的血清总蛋白含量分别提高13.83%、16.29%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组的尿素氮分别降低15.16%、16.70%、27.91%、25.05%(P<0.05),试验Ⅴ组的葡萄糖含量提高13.24%(P<0.05)。综上结果,断奶仔猪日粮中添加适量的酸汤添加剂,可与商品复合益生菌取得大致相同的抗仔猪断奶应激效果,且预防腹泻效果更好。     

益生菌对仔猪作用机制研究进展

在规模养殖过程中,断奶诱发仔猪肠道疾病进而导致生产性能下降,益生菌可降低肠道病原菌感染,提高仔猪生产性能和降低腹泻的发生率。该文主要从益生菌对仔猪胃肠道微生物群、机体免疫系统、炎症调控、抗氧化调控、肠道发育和营养消化调控等方面探讨其作用机制,旨在为益生菌在仔猪上的应用提供理论依据。     

Dietary glucose oxidase and/or catalase supplementation alleviates intestinal oxidative stress induced by diquat in weaned piglets

This study investigated the effects of dietary exogenous glucose oxidase (GOD) and/or catalase (CAT) on the intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function in piglets under oxidative stress. Sixty pigs assigned randomly to five treatment groups—CON: basal diet; DIQ: basal diet; GOD: basal diet + 40-U GOD/kg diet; CAT: basal diet + 50-U CAT/kg diet; and GC: basal diet + 40-U GOD/kg diet + 50-U CAT/kg diet—were analyzed. On Day 14, the CON group was injected with saline, and the others were treated with diquat. The results showed that in diquat-treated piglets, supplementation of dietary GOD and CAT elevated the superoxide dismutase and CAT activities and attenuated the malondialdehyde level in plasma and intestinal mucosa, enhanced the duodenal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, upregulated ZO-1 mRNA level, and attenuated the apoptosis of the epithelial cells and caspase-3 mRNA level in the intestine. Additionally, the supplementation upregulated mRNA expression of the intestinal NF-E2-related factor 2-regulated genes in diquat-treated piglets. However, GOD combined with CAT could not alleviate oxidative damage better than supplementation of CAT or GOD alone under oxidative stress. Overall, the study provides a potential alternative that could relieve the weaning stress in piglets and help formulate antibiotic-free diets.     

日粮纤维对仔猪生产性能和养分消化率影响的研究

选取 60头“杜长嘉”三元杂交仔猪作为试验动物 ,研究提高日粮纤维含量对于仔猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响。结果表明 ,使用甜菜渣和苜蓿草粉作为主要纤维源 ,将仔猪日粮中粗纤维含量由 3 %提高到6% ,对于仔猪的日增重、日采食量和饲料转化率没有产生不利的影响 ,并且能够有效地防止仔猪腹泻 ;提高日粮纤维含量 ,显著降低了干物质、能量和蛋白质的消化率 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,显著提高了中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

新生仔猪免疫人工乳配方的研制及其生产效果的研究

本试验以牛乳作为主要原料，从猪血中提取免疫球蛋白G(1gG)作为主要免疫物质，同时加入其他营养物质配制免疫人工乳。以41头新生仔猪作为试验动物，以来食母乳的仔猪作为对照组，对免疫人工乳的生产效果进行了研究。结果表明，(1)出生后3d内采食免疫人工乳的仔猪具有较高的成活率；(2)采食免疫人工乳的仔猪生后不同时间的体重均显著低于对照组(p＜0．05)，但随着时间的延长，仔猪表现出一定的补偿生长的能力；(3)采食免疫人工乳的仔猪其生后不同时间的血液中1gG的浓度均显著低于对照组(P＜0．05)，但有利于其主动免疫功能的发挥。     

饲粮类型对早期隔离断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选择43头14±2日龄、体重为3.27±0.10kg的约克×梅山仔猪,实施早期隔离断奶,研究了以牛初乳、牛常乳(全脂牛奶粉)为主的饲粮类型以及全由非乳饲料组成的饲粮对仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:断奶引起的生长抑制与饲粮类型有关,牛初乳是仔猪断奶后头2周饲粮的理想组分。牛初乳通过提高仔猪采食量,不仅克服断奶后的生长抑制,而且明显改善仔猪后期的生产性能。