不同粗饲料组合对泌乳期母羊生产性能的影响

为探讨饲喂玉米秸秆、苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和羊草对泌乳期母羊、羔羊生产性能及节粮效果的影响。选取体重、体况、产期相近的泌乳期母羊及其羔羊各25只,随机分为5组,根据不同粗饲料种类设计不同的日粮组成,预饲期15 d,正试期41 d。结果表明,与"玉米秸秆(44.97%)+精料(55.03%)"组相比,"玉米秸秆(51.72%)+玉米青贮(5.17%)+苜蓿干草(5.17%)+精料(37.94%)"组母羊增重、羔羊增重、泌乳量分别提高1.94、1.81和0.13 kg,料重比为20.65:1,节省精料18.04 kg,总增收145.62元;"玉米秸秆(46.51%)+苜蓿干草(10.23%)+精料(43.26%)"组母羊增重、羔羊增重、泌乳量分别提高1.14、1.29和0.091 kg,料重比为27.50:1,节省精料12.30 kg,总增收100.72元;"羊草(58.87%)+苜蓿干草(8.16%)+精料(32.97%)"组母羊增重、羔羊增重、泌乳量分别提高0.86、1.11和0.084 kg,料重比为29.38:1,节省精料22.96 kg,总增收98.04元;"羊草(57.69%)+精料(42.31%)"组母羊增重、羔羊增重、泌乳量分别提高0.42、0.78和0.063 kg,料重比为37.27:1,节省精料13.53kg,总增收57.17元。     

精制中草药免疫增强剂对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

选用135头体重约6 kg的“杜长大”三元杂交猪,根据体重相近、公母各半、随机的原则分为对照组和中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,每组3个重复,试验50 d.在基础日粮中添加2种不同精制中草药添加剂,研究其对断奶仔猪生产性能和免疫功能的影响.结果表明:中草药饲料添加剂能明显改善断奶仔猪的生产性能,与对照组相比较,总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgM、IgG)、补体(C3、C4)和血清中IL-2、γ-IFN含量均有显著提高(P<0.05);CD3、CD4、CD8数量均无显著变化(P>0.05),但CD4/CD8值变化极显著(P<0.01).可见精制中草药添加剂在一定程度上增强猪体免疫功能.     

Identification of Key Genes of Mammary Gland Development from Pregnancy to Lactation in Dairy Goats by WGCNA

The purpose of this study was to select the key genes of mammary gland development at different physiological stages in dairy goats by weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA). GSE14008 mammary gland tissue microarray data set of dairy goats at different physiological stages (pregnancy 46 days, 70 days, 90 days, 110 days and 40 days postpartum) was downloaded from GEO database, and co-expression analysis was carried out using WGCNA package of R language. The target modules were selected by correlation analysis between the modules and physiological stages, and the hub genes were selected according to the connectivity degree. After enrichment analysis of the modules using DAVID website, the protein-protein interaction network of the modules was constructed using String website and the core genes were obtained using Cytoscape software, and finally the target genes were obtained from intersection of core genes and hub genes. A total of 8 443 genes from 18 samples were analyzed for co-expression of weighted genes. The 30 modules were obtained, and 4 target modules related to different physiological stages and 30 hub genes of each module were selected. Meanwhile, protein-protein interaction network of 4 modules and 20 core genes of each network were also obtained. Finally, 13 target genes related to mammary gland development were obtained from the 4 modules, which were UQCR, RGL2, NOTCH1, PTBP1, PPP5C, FZR1, UBE2L3, TNF, MAT2A, ITGB2, GPR18, JAK1 and CSN2 genes. The key processes of mammary gland development at different physiological stages and the genes that played the key role in these processes were elucidated by WGCNA, GO enrichment analysis, PPI network and other bioinformatics techniques, which provided a new idea and clue for the further research on the mechanism of mammary gland development.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

"中华动力酸"复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪的影响研究

试验选用48头体重7kg左右的三元杂交[杜×(长白×梅山)]断奶仔猪,按性别、体重随机分为2个处理,每个处理4个重复,分别饲喂基础日粮和试验日粮(基础日粮+0.1%复合酸化剂).试验全期30d,研究复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪日采食量、日增重、饲料利用率及腹泻率的影响.结果表明,复合酸化剂显著提高断奶仔猪采食量、日增重和饲料利用率(P＜0.05),降低仔猪腹泻率(P＜0.05),试验前期(0～15d)试验组日增重和采食量分别比对照组提高17.8%和9.96%,饲料利用效率提高8.9%,腹泻率降低65%;试验后期的效果没有前期显著.     

哺乳期补饲代乳品对仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究哺乳期补饲代乳品对仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响,并探讨代乳品对缩短仔猪断奶日龄的可行性。选用120头（12窝）5日龄、平均体重（3.12±0.63）kg的仔猪,随机分为两组,每组60头（6窝,每窝为1个重复）。对照组补饲教槽料至28日龄断奶;试验组补饲代乳品和教槽料（代乳品：教槽料=1：1）至21日龄断奶,断奶后继续饲喂代乳品和教槽料至28日龄;28日龄后试验组和对照组饲喂相同日粮至70日龄。结果显示：①整个试验期,两组仔猪在5、21、28和70日龄时体重差异均不显著（P>0.05）;在5~21、22~28和5~28日龄阶段,试验组仔猪平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均极显著或显著高于对照组（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;而在22~28日龄阶段,试验组平均日增重（ADG）极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。②试验组仔猪保育期的日粮总能（GE）、干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）和粗脂肪（EE）的消化率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。③在70日龄时,两组仔猪各项血清生化指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,补饲代乳品可显著增加哺乳期仔猪的采食量,同时促进保育期仔猪对日粮中营养物质的消化吸收。从保育期末体重来看,哺乳期补饲代乳品的仔猪提前至21日龄断奶是可行的。     

Castration of piglets: the analgesic effects of intratesticular and intrafunicular lidocaine injection

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of intratesticular and intrafunicular lidocaine for the surgical castration of piglets and to investigate the degree of nociception induced by lidocaine injection. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective controlled experimental study. ANIMALS: Forty-seven male Norwegian landrace piglets with normal testicular anatomy, aged 22 (+/-2.6 SD) days and weighing 7.4 +/- 1.4 kg. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anaesthesia was induced and maintained using halothane delivered in oxygen. End-tidal halothane was stabilized at 1.3% for 20 minutes before mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) pulse rate and electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring began. After 5 minutes of data collection, scrotal skin was desensitized with lidocaine before either an intrafunicular (IF) (n = 15) or an intratesticular (IT) (n = 16) lidocaine injection was made. Pigs in the control group (n = 16) did not receive lidocaine. Ten minutes later, a scalpel and an emasculator were used to cut the funiculus spermaticus. The MAP, pulse rate and EEG were monitored continuously for 5 minutes after castration. RESULTS: During castration, MAP increased significantly, while pulse rate and EEG theta power fell significantly more in control, compared with the IT or IF groups. EEG alpha power fell more in the control group than in the IF group. No significant differences were found between the IF and IT groups. EEG, MAP and pulse rate responses to castration in the control group were significantly larger than the response to lidocaine injection. CONCLUSION/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injecting lidocaine into the funiculus spermaticus or into the testes is effective in reducing signs of nociception caused by castration. Lidocaine injection is less noxious than castration without local anaesthetic.     

杜湖F1母羊产后0～9周泌乳量及乳成分变化规律

旨在研究杜泊公羊与湖羊母羊杂交一代母羊（称杜湖F₁）的泌乳量及乳成分含量变化规律,为杜湖F₁母羊的科学饲养提供参考依据。随机选取12 只体质量（56.25±3.38） kg、年龄、胎次相近,体况一致,身体健康的杜湖F₁母羊,6只测定泌乳量,6只测定乳成分并分析其变化规律,试验期为9周。结果表明：杜湖F₁母羊具有较高的泌乳性能,9周总泌乳量为（75.98±10.15） kg,周平均泌乳量为（8.44± 1.63） kg,0～9周泌乳曲线方程为Y=7.98t_{0.038 7}e_{-0.001 3T},R=0.978;杜湖F₁母羊产后0周乳中固形物、蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖及灰分含量最高。以上研究结果可为杜湖F₁母羊早期断奶策略的制定以及饲养管理提供基础数据。     

从饲喂策略考虑提高母猪泌乳期采食量

母猪泌乳期高自由采食量(VFI)是其繁殖性能正常发挥的保证。为了提高母猪泌乳期VFI,文中分析了母体因素如品种、基因、带仔数、体况等对VFI的影响,提出着重从全繁殖周期饲喂策略考虑,以提高母猪泌乳期VFI。     

原花青素在防控分泌性腹泻中的研究进展

原花青素具有抗氧化、抗分泌性腹泻等功能,可作为防控断奶仔猪腹泻的重要物质.本文综述了原花青素的结构与活性、分泌性腹泻的发生机制及原花青素抗分泌性腹泻的作用机理,为原花青素在防控断奶仔猪腹泻上的应用和研究提供理论依据.