中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪肠道菌群与生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪肠道菌群和生产性能的影响。选择72头体重(8.13±0.67)kg的健康28日龄的三元断奶仔猪,遵照单因素原则分为4组,每组3个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%中草药添加剂,预试期为7 d,正式期25 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组仔猪日增重、日采食量均显著增加(P<0.05),试验组耗料增重比分别显著降低26.01%、40.81%、30.49%(P<0.05);试验组仔猪大肠埃希氏菌数、腹泻率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),B组最低;试验组仔猪乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数均显著增加(P<0.05);试验A、C组的各测定指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综合各项指标可知,中草药添加剂使断奶仔猪的生长性能显著提高,腹泻率降低,抑制肠道内大肠埃希氏菌繁殖,促进有益菌的增殖,且添加量为1%时效果最好。     

益生菌在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用效果

为研究所制益生菌制剂在断奶仔猪中的应用效果,用以替代饲用抗生素,进行饲养试验,测定指标包括料重比、腹泻率,血清D乳酸、D木糖、IgA,肠道S IgA、绒毛高度、隐窝深度。结果表明益生菌制剂与饲用抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、生化指标、肠道形态学指标作用均差异不显著(P>0.05),但总体评价以添加益生菌制剂的试验2组效果较好。     

饲料中添加抗菌肽粗提物对仔猪生长性能及蓝耳病疫苗免疫抗体水平的影响

为探讨抗菌肽粗提物对仔猪生长性能及蓝耳病疫苗免疫抗体水平的影响,试验选择(28±2)日龄、体重相近断奶仔猪90只,随机分成3组,每个组30只,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,2和3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.25%、0.5%的抗菌肽粗提物,试验期为30 d。试验结束测定生长性能及蓝耳病免疫抗体水平。结果表明:试验3组试验末重和平均日增重分别较对照组提高4.92%、7.27%(P <0.05),试验3组料重比较对照组降低5.81%(P <0.05);试验3组抗体IPRC值和合格率分别较对照组提高55.70%、27.98%(P <0.05);试验3组变异系数较对照组降低31.84%(P <0.05)。综上,添加0.5%抗菌肽粗提物可以提高仔猪生长性能及蓝耳病疫苗免疫抗体水平。     

硅胶控释型丁酸对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠黏膜屏障的影响

本试验以硅胶为控释载体,制备和表征了硅胶控释型丁酸( SG-B),并以丁酸钠为对照,旨在研究SG-B对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠黏膜屏障的影响.选用平均体重为(5.8±0.2) kg的54头21日龄“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪,按胎次一致、体重相近的原则随机分为3组:1)对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;2)丁酸钠组,饲喂基础饲粮+0.10％...     

复方中草药发酵制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究复方中草药发酵制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响。选择144头遗传背景相同、初始体重(9.54±0.08)kg的35日龄健康杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每重复12头,公母各半。分别饲喂3种不同的日粮:Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.4%复方中草药,Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+0.4%复方中草药发酵制剂,试验期为30 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,中草药组平均日增重(ADG)有一定程度提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05);与中草药组相比,中草药发酵组平均日增重有较大程度提高(P>0.05),料重比有一定程度降低(P>0.05),平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,中草药组血清中IgA、IgG水平有一定程度提高,IgM水平略有降低,但差异都不显著(P>0.05),中草药发酵组血清中IgA、IgG和IgM水平都显著提高(P<0.05);与中草药组相比,中草药发酵组血清中IgA、IgG和IgM水平都有较大程度提高,其中IgA和IgM达到显著水平(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,中草药组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(GHO)和甘油三酯(TG)含量差异都不显著(P>0.05),血清尿素氮(BUN)含量显著降低(P<0.05);与中草药组相比,中草药发酵组血清中谷丙转氨酶活性、总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量差异都不显著(P>0.05)。综合试验结果,在日粮中添加复方中草药发酵制剂可提高断奶仔猪生产性能,提高血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量,增强机体免疫功能。     

Effects of body condition score at calving and feeding various types of concentrate supplements to grazing dairy cows on early lactation performance

The objective of the experiment reported here was to establish the effect of canola meal supplements of different protein degradability on the performance of grazing dairy cows with different body condition scores (BCS) in early lactation, and to compare this with feeding a cereal grain supplement instead. The experiment included a total of 72 cows in six treatments in a 2 ^* 3 factorial design, incorporating two BCS at calving (4.1 and 5.6 units on an 8-point scale), and three early lactation pelleted supplements. The three pelleted supplements were 100% wheat (wheat supplement), 50% wheat and 50% untreated mechanically extracted canola meal (a rumen degradable protein supplement), and 50% wheat and 50% canola meal that had been subjected to additional heat and pressure (a rumen undegradable protein supplement). It was hypothesised that fat cows would perform best with the treated canola meal supplement, which provided most rumen undegradable protein, whereas the type of protein would not be important for thin cows, and neither would the type of supplemental energy. Cows grazed pasture after calving at a daily pasture allowance of 35–40 kg DM/cow and were offered 6 kg concentrates each day. Cows were fed these diets for 92 days on average, from calving until three weeks into the mating period. Both canola meal-based supplements resulted in higher (P < 0.05) daily milk production than the wheat supplement (33.3 and 34.0 v. 30.5 kg/cow) in both thin and fat cows. Body condition score at calving positively (P < 0.05) affected average milk yield (31.6 v. 33.7 kg/cow), however, there was a time × BCS × supplement interaction whereby the fatter cows benefited from the use of either of the canola meal supplements for a longer period than did the thin cows. Average milk fat concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) where the canola meal supplements were fed (39.3 and 39.6 v. 35.6 g/kg), and in fat cows relative to thin cows (40.0 v. 36.3 g/kg). Serum urea concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in cows fed wheat than in those fed either of the canola meal supplements (3.1 v. 4.3 and 4.2 mmol/L). Serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were lowest (P < 0.05) where wheat pellets were fed, and highest (P < 0.05) where treated canola meal pellets were fed, and plasma glucose concentrations were highest with wheat and lowest with the treated canola meal pellets. Thus, the hypothesis was not supported by the results of this experiment.     

仔猪红细胞内游离原卟啉和其他有关参数的测定及应用评价

用荧光分析法建立了猪红细胞内游离原卟啉（ＦＥＰ）微量测定法，回收率为９６．８％～１０７．６％，经重复试验，变异系数为２．８％～１１．８％。３２例３～３０日龄仔猪的实测结果表明，随着日龄的增加，其ＦＥＰ值呈波动性上升，但２１日龄后则呈下降趋势。补铁可以降低ＦＥＰ含量，并显著提高红细胞、血红蛋白和红细胞压积值，但血清铁含量在２１日龄之前仍持续下降，提示可以增加补铁量。     

仔猪大肠杆菌·C型产气荚膜梭菌菌液的培养工艺

[目的]研究仔猪大肠杆菌、C型产气荚膜梭菌菌液的培养工艺。[方法]分别试验不同的培养时间、培养温度和接种剂量对大肠杆菌纤毛表达量和C型产气荚膜梭菌产生毒素的影响。[结果]大肠杆菌在接种剂量为3%～5%,在36～37℃条件下培养7 h,可产生较高含量的纤毛抗原;当接种剂量为1%～2%,C型产气荚膜梭菌C59-2菌株在35℃条件下培养16～20 h,可产生大量致死性毒素。[结论]该研究为研制具有较好效果的仔猪红痢、黄痢预防疫苗提供了依据。     

不同消化能、粗蛋白质水平饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁马营养物质消化代谢、血液生理生化指标和激素的影响

本试验旨在研究不同消化能和粗蛋白质水平的饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁马营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响,为进一步探讨泌乳前期伊犁马消化能、粗蛋白质水平的营养需要量提供参考依据。选取分娩后7 d内的伊犁母马25匹,根据体重随机分成5组,每组5个重复。第1泌乳月消化能、粗蛋白质水平分别为101.41 MJ·d^-1、1.38 kg·d^-1(Ⅰ组),112.05 MJ·d^-1、1.50 kg·d^-1(Ⅱ组),122.40 MJ·d^-1、1.63 kg·d^-1(Ⅲ组),133.27 MJ·d^-1、1.75 kg·d^-1(Ⅳ组),143.84 MJ·d^-1、1.87 kg·d^-1(Ⅴ组);第2泌乳月消化能、粗蛋白质水平分别为129.73 MJ·d^-1、1.82 kg·d^-1(Ⅰ组),140.37 MJ·d^-1、1.94 kg·d^-1(Ⅱ组),150.72 MJ·d^-1、2.07 kg·d^-1(Ⅲ组),161.60 MJ·d^-1、2.19 kg·d^-1(Ⅳ组),172.17 MJ·d^-1、2.31 kg·d^-1(Ⅴ组)。试验期为60 d,一个试验周期30 d。每个试验周期末采集粪便和尿液用于测定营养物质消化和代谢;采集血液用于测定氮、脂代谢指标以及生长、代谢相关激素浓度。结果显示:饲喂不同消化能、粗蛋白质水平的饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁马各饲粮组的体重、平均日增重以及干物质、有机物、总能、中性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白质、磷等营养物质的表观消化率和可消化能、可消化氮、磷代谢利用率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。钙表观消化率随着饲粮中消化能、粗蛋白质水平的升高饲粮Ⅴ组比饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组显著提高14.14%、27.08%和24.13% (P<0.05),饲粮Ⅱ组比饲粮Ⅲ、Ⅳ组显著提高21.91%和19.09% (P<0.05)。饲粮Ⅴ组钙的沉积率比饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组显著提高33.56%、54.79%和26.46% (P<0.05),饲粮Ⅱ组比饲粮Ⅲ组显著提高36.02% (P<0.05)。钙利用率饲粮Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组分别比饲粮Ⅲ组显著提高23.24%、27.67%和34.16% (P<0.05)。不同消化能、粗蛋白质水平对血浆中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、游离脂肪酸、肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、血浆白蛋白、尿素氮水平以及雌酮、雌二醇、垂体泌乳素、黄体酮等生殖激素以及三碘甲状腺原氨酸、生长激素、胰岛素水平等生长代谢类激素无显著影响(P>0.05),饲粮Ⅱ组甲状腺素水平较饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组提高34.83%、26.57%、30.36%、34.39% (P<0.05)。由此可见,第1泌乳月和第2泌乳月,消化能饲喂水平分别为112.05和140.37 MJ·d^-1,粗蛋白质饲喂水平分别为1.50和1.94 kg·d^-1时,能够满足伊犁母马泌乳前期的需要量,有助于提高饲粮钙的消化和代谢和甲状腺素的含量。     

仔猪补锌的对比试验

选27头(28～32日龄)的三元杂交断奶仔猪(长×大×本)随机分3组,其中一组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,另外两组在基础日粮中分别添加ZnO和ZnSO4@7H20(均含锌2000mg/kg),试验期35d.试验结果表明两个试验组比对照组育成率提高了12.50%(P＞0.05);发病率由44.44%分剐降到22.22%(P〉.05)和(P＜0.05);增重速度提高了19.31%(P＞0.05)和40%(P＜0.01);饲料利用率分别提高了10.28%和23.83%.