盐酸和碳酸氢钠对早期断奶仔猪胃酸分泌、消化酶活性和肠道微生物的影响

采用30头平均体重5.25kg的(28±1)日龄断奶杜×长大杂交仔猪,在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(对照组)中分别添加1%NaHCO3、0.6%HCl、2.4%HCl、2.4%HCl+2.04%NaHCO3,以研究盐酸和碳酸氢钠对早期断奶仔猪胃酸分泌、消化酶活性和肠道微生物的影响.结果表明:添加2.4%HCl可诱导仔猪胃溃疡发生,抑制胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌,降低十二指肠胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性(P＜0.05);添加0.6%HCl和2.4%HCl+2.04%NaHCO3对胃酸分泌、十二指肠胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性没有影响,其中添加0.6%HCl可降低胃内容物pH值(P＜0.10),提高胃蛋白酶原激活率,降低结肠大肠杆菌数量(P＜0.10),而添加2.4%HCl+2.04%NaHCO3使结肠大肠杆菌数量显著上升(P＜0.05).添加1%NaHCO3对十二指肠消化酶活性没有影响,虽可诱导胃酸分泌,但仍使胃内容物pH值升高(P＜0.10),结肠大肠杆菌数量显著上升(P＜0.05).上述结果表明,在早期断奶仔猪饲粮中添加低剂量盐酸(0.6%)可降低结肠大肠杆菌数量和腹泻发生率;而大剂量盐酸(2.4%)和NaHCO3(1%)均不利于仔猪消化道功能发育.     

不同形式补铁补硒对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响

[目的] 比较母猪和仔猪不同形式的补铁补硒对仔猪生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响。[方法] 将32头母猪随机分为8组,每组4头,1~4组基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠,5~8组基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸。2组和6组母猪所产仔猪于3日龄肌注铁硒合剂;3组和7组仔猪基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠;4组和8组仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸;1组和5组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,不接受任何形式的补铁补硒。母猪预产期前30 d开始饲喂试验日粮,仔猪7日龄时开始饲喂试验日粮,试验至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。测定并比较不同组别仔猪生长性能指标、血液生化指标以及免疫性能指标,以及不同组别母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量。[结果] 在仔猪补铁补硒形式相同的条件下,母猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸（5~8组）与基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠（1~4组）相比,能够显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）提高仔猪的初生重、断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,2日龄和21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量,以及母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量;在2种形式的母猪补铁补硒条件下,与不补铁补硒相比,仔猪不同补铁补硒形式（2~4组和6~8组）对其断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,以及21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量均有极显著（P<0.01）的提高作用,并且仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸的效果优于肌注铁硒合剂和基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠。[结论] 母猪和仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸,能有效提升仔猪的生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫性能。     

两种饲养方式下仔猪生产性能、行为和唾液皮质醇水平的对比分析

【目的】在两种不同饲养方式下,对断奶仔猪生产性能、行为特征和唾液皮质醇激素水平作对比分析,以期说明发酵床饲养可提高仔猪动物福利。【方法】按照密度一致原则 (0.67 m²/头),将88头体重相近（10.42±0.36 kg）的35日龄断奶苏钟仔猪（公母各半）随机分为两组,即漏缝地板饲养组(slatted-floor house, SFH）和发酵床饲养组 (deep-litter house, DLH）。每组设4个重复,SFH和DLH组中每个重复分别为6和16头。适应14 d后,进入试验期,试验期为21 d。自由采食和饮水。试验期间记录仔猪日采食量,分别于仔猪49日龄和70日龄时进行个体称重,按重复计算仔猪的日增重和料肉比;于仔猪68日龄时,进行24 h录像采集,每个重复随机挑选3头仔猪用于行为学观察,观察时间为07:00-17:00;于69日龄上午9:00-10:00,每个重复选择3头仔猪用于唾液采集,测定其皮质醇激素含量。【结果】①SFH和DLH组仔猪末重、日均采食量、日增重和料肉比均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。②与SFH组相比,DLH组仔猪站立和犬坐行为时间比例显著增加（P＜0.05）,躺卧行为显著降低（P＜0.05）;仔猪主要活动时间为08:00-10:00和12:00-15:00;DLH组中仔猪运动和探究行为（特别是翻拱垫料行为）时间比例显著高于SFH组（P＜0.05）,操纵圈舍行为和攻击行为显著低于SFH组（P＜0.05）;与SFH组相比,DLH显著提高了仔猪饮水时间比例（P＜0.05）,但对排泄（排尿和排便）行为无显著影响（P＞0.05）;DLH组仔猪总采食时间显著低于SFH组（P＜0.05）,但因采食次数的显著增加（P＜0.05）,使DLH组仔猪每次采食持续时间显著高于SFH组（P＜0.05）。③DLH组仔猪唾液中皮质醇激素含量显著高于SFH组（P＜0.05）。【结论】发酵床饲养能够增加断奶仔猪的探究行为、运动行为以及每次采食持续时间,降低其攻击和操纵圈舍行为,提高了仔猪动物福利。     

谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选取21日龄断奶杜大长仔猪60头(体重接近5 kg),按试验要求随机分成2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10头.研究饲粮中添加1%谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长的影响.结果表明,试验组在第9 d后腹泻率明显下降,而对照组在整个过程中的腹泻率较高,断奶8～11 d一直维持50%～60%的腹泻率,另外腹泻延续的时间较长,断奶12～15 d仍有20%～30%的腹泻率.断奶1～10 d,试验组料重比比对照降低了12.05%(P＜0.05).断奶11～20 d,试验组日增重比对照组提高27.75%(P＜0.05),试验组采食量、料重比与对照组相近.断奶10 d,试验组血清尿素氮水平比对照组低17.36%(P＞0.05),但对血清总蛋白和血清白蛋白水平无明显影响.断奶20 d,谷氨酰胺对血清尿素氮和总蛋白有一定影响,试验组血清尿素氮水平比对照组低4.26%(P＞0.05),血清总蛋白水平比对照组高18.70%(P＞0.05),谷氨酰胺对血清白蛋白水平无明显影响.饲粮添加谷氨酰胺对T3,T4水平无明显影响,但对生长激素水平有一定的提高作用.     

安普霉素对仔猪内分泌的调控作用及血液生化指示的影响

采用单因子试验设计 ,28日龄大长北三元杂交断奶仔猪72头随机分为3组 ,研究饲料中添加不同剂量的安普霉素 (0、20、90mg/kg)对仔猪内分泌的调控作用及血液生化指标的影响。试验期为4周。结果表明 :仔猪日粮中添加90mg/kg的安普霉素可促进机体与生长有关的内分泌活动 ,提高内源激素 (生长激素、胰岛素、甲状腺激素T3)水平 (P<0.05),从而促进肌肉蛋白沉积 ;并具有显著降低血液中氨、尿素氮含量和提高血糖水平的作用 (P<0.05) ,表明安普霉素对仔猪具有增加氮沉积 ,促进蛋白质合成、抑制蛋白质分解的作用     

Barium selenate as a slow-release selenium preparation to pigs

Pregnant sows were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with a barium selenate suspension (0.5–1.0 mg Se/kg body weight (b.w.)) and together with control animals fed a commercial diet. No response to the injection was seen either in blood selenium levels or in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the sows. There was, however, a significant difference in these parameters between piglets born from treated dams and control animals. This status was maintained during the nursing period. In another experiment pigs (20 kg b.w.) on a Se-deficient diet were injected s.c. and i.m. with barium selenate (2.5 mg Se/kg b.w.). The treated groups maintained their blood levels of selenium and GSH-Px activity, although the selenium values in the group treated intramuscularly started to decline after 4 weeks. Organ samples from both groups were equal with regard to selenium at the time of slaughter while the control group showed a rapid decline both in blood selenium levels and GHS-Px activity.     

二花脸仔猪在运输过程中的行为特征和血浆皮质醇水平的变化

本试验采用实时跟踪摄像和颈静脉血管瘘连续采样,观察二花脸断奶仔猪在2h运输过程中的行为表现,并测定血浆皮质醇水平的动态变化。结果表明:运输前期(出发后15min)仔猪的探究行为和异常行为发生次数较多且持续时间较长,运输中期(出发后60~75min)此类行为显著减少(P<0.05),而到运输后期(最后15min)几乎观察不到此类行为;仔猪的躺卧行为在运输前期和中期发生次数较少,持续时间较短,而在运输后期仔猪大部分时间都处于躺卧状态(P<0.05);运输至中期仔猪大部分时间处于站立状态,而到运输后期站立行为显著减少(P<0.05);仔猪蹲坐行为发生的次数和持续时间在运输的前中后无显著差异(P>0.05)。仔猪上车后皮质醇水平迅速上升(P<0.05),出发15min升至峰值,且保持该高水平直到2h运输结束,下车后15min皮质醇水平迅速下降至上车前15min的基础水平。     

Dietary fibre and indigestible protein increase ileal glycoprotein output without impacting colonic crypt goblet cells in weaned piglets

Mucus plays an important role in gut health by favouring colonisation resistance. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of fibre and protein on mucin recovery in ileal digesta and on goblet cell histochemistry in the proximal colon. A control diet with highly digestible protein and low fibre and three complex diets containing indigestible protein associated with low, soluble or insoluble fibre sources were tested for 14 days in piglets weaned at 28 days of age. Mucin concentration was determined by ethanol precipitation. Goblet cell subtypes in colonic crypts were analysed by histochemistry. The ileal mucin output was higher with the complex diets than with the control diet (31.6 on average vs 21.7 g/kg DM intake). Increases observed with the low and soluble fibre diets were similar (34 g/kg DM intake). This suggests a limited effect of soluble fibre in presence of indigestible protein. Surprisingly, the observed increase was lower with insoluble fibre (27.2 g/kg DM intake). DM and N output and digestibility were not affected by the diets, but a linear relationship was found between DM and mucin output. In proximal colon, crypt depth, goblet cell numbers per crypt and glycosylation subtypes were not affected by the diet suggesting no change in the capacity of mucus to protect the gut. To conclude, introducing highly indigestible protein in the diet increased ileal mucin output, without effects of these factors on crypt goblet cell patterns in the proximal colon. Introducing fibre in a diet containing highly indigestible protein had a marginal effect.     

The effect of PHA-lectins and diet composition on performance and intestinal development in weaning piglets

Anti-nutritional factors such as PHA-lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) in piglet diets can compromise piglet's performance and health by gut damage, which is especially important at weaning. Two trials were conducted to investigate the effect of PHA and fermentable carbohydrates on performance, gut morphology, physiology and microbiology in piglets weaned at 26 days.

We studied dietary PHA as a model to standardize gut damage and its effect on intestinal morphology and microbiology in piglets until 2 weeks post weaning. In general, significant lower values were observed on day 7 compared to day 14 post weaning (d7 vs. d14: 358 vs. 442 μm villus height; 42.1 vs. 108.7 U/g protein sucrase-isomaltase), indicating gut maturation. We observed very few changes between day of weaning to day 7 post weaning, lactobacilli counts being most affected (8.9, 6.9, 7.4 cfu/g for d0, d7, d14). Apart from these marked time effects the effect of PHA was negligible and thus a less suitable model to standardize gut damage in this setup.

Furthermore we studied the effect of PHA in combination with rapid or slow fermentable carbohydrates (CHO) on performance and physiological parameters. We observed a dramatic effect on performance (ADG g/d: 245 no PHA + low CHO, 111 PHA + low CHO, 132 PHA + rapid CHO, 105 PHA + slow CHO), which was less clearly reflected in the physiological parameters.     

抗痢灵对仔猪黄痢的疗效试验

抗痢灵由12种药组成,具有抗菌消炎、收敛止泻的作用,而且不易产生耐药性。用抗痢灵、诺氟沙星、痢菌净加庆大霉素3种药物分别对仔猪人工复制病例和自然病例治疗,结果表明:抗痢灵具有用量少、疗程短、疗效好的特点,治疗率可达95.3%;且使用方便,治疗成本低。