泌乳驴的日粮蛋白水平对驴驹生长发育的影响

试验旨在研究泌乳驴的日粮蛋白水平对驴驹生长发育的影响.选取健康、体况良好的5岁龄、胎次(1.9±0.4)胎、体重(240±30)kg、泌乳日期(29±5)d的带驹德州三粉驴24头,分为3个处理组(H、M、L组),饲喂蛋白水平分别为13.18％、12.22％和11.34％的日粮.每个处理组4个重复,每个重复2头驴.正式试...     

奶牛日粮加锌对营养物质表观消化率的影响研究

选择8头泌乳前期的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4重复拉丁方设计,研究奶牛日粮加锌对营养物质全消化道表观消化率的影响。试验分为4组,每组2头,其中A为对照组(基础日粮);B组(基础日粮 20mg/kgZn);C组(基础日粮 40mg/kgZn);D组(基础日粮 60mg/kgZn),试验期分3个阶段,共3个月。结果表明:B组、C组和D组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维的全消化道表观消化率均比A组有增强的趋势,但均差异不显著(p>0.05)。     

Immunologic Profiles of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Serum Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in Perinatal Mares and Neonatal Foals (Heavy Draft Horse)

The purpose of this study was to examine sequential changes in the immunologic parameters of perinatal mares and neonatal foals of the heavy draft horse. Blood samples were collected from clinically healthy pregnant mares and their newborn foals every week from 1 month before the expected foaling date, and 1 hour, 1 day (24-48 hours), and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after foaling. Peripheral blood samples were used to examine total leukocyte counts (n = 20), differential leukocyte counts (n = 20), lymphocyte subpopulations (n = 13), lymphocyte responses to mitogens (n = 10), neutrophil phagocytic function (n = 12), and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations (n = 10). In perinatal mares, remarkable changes observed included increased neutrophils, decreased lymphocytes, decreased CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, and decreased lymphocyte responses to mitogens at delivery. These changes were speculated to be the result of physical stress associated with delivery. In neonatal foals, increase in the phagocytic function of neutrophils, and increase in serum IgG concentration after suckling colostrum and increase of lymphocytes accompanied by physiologic growth were observed. Compared to dams, foals showed lower phagocytic function of neutrophils before suckling and fewer lymphocytes and lower lymphocyte responses to mitogens within 1 day after birth. This study revealed immunologic dynamics in perinatal mares and neonatal foals. Immunologic functions are suppressed in foaling mares and are immature in neonatal foals, especially before colostral intake. We expect these data will be useful for further studies in the field of clinical immunology, and preventive medicine.     

不同过瘤胃淀粉日粮对泌乳奶牛消化代谢的影响

以3头体况良好,安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳前期奶牛为试验动物,在日粮精粗比为55∶45的前提条件下,采用3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,研究了3种不同过瘤胃淀粉日粮对泌乳奶牛消化代谢的影响。研究结果表明:3组不同日粮对营养物质的采食、排泄以及消化利用有着一定的规律性。3组不同日粮之间的采食量和消化率无明显差异(P>0.05);低过瘤胃淀粉日粮组的粪NDF排出量明显高于其他2组(P<0.05),其他2组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),粪中其他营养物质的排出量3组之间没有差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,其他2组均使尿氮排出量降低,其中高过瘤胃淀粉日粮组达到了显著水平(P<0.05),并且高过瘤胃淀粉日粮的氮沉积量和可消化氮转化为沉积氮的效率也明显高于其他2组(P<0.05),其他2组之间差异不显著。     

Effects of N-hydroxymethyl Methionine Calcium Supplementation Levels on Serum Nitrogenous Compounds and Free Amino Acids of Lactating Dairy Cows

To study the effects of N-hydroxymethyl methionine calcium (N-HMM-Ca) supplementation levels on serum nitrogenous compounds and free amino acids of lactating dairy cows. 30 lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar parities,milk yield and days in milk were randomly assigned into 5 groups. The control group was fed with basal diet,test groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.15%,0.30%,0.75% and 1.50% N-HMM-Ca,respectively. The experiment was lasted for 56 d,including 14 d of adaptation period and 42 d of experimental period. The results showed as follows:①Comparing with control group,the total protein,albumin and globulin in experimental groups were not significantly affected (P>0.05).On the 14th day,serum creatinine concentration in 1.5% level group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05);On the 42th day,urea nitrogen concentration in 1.5% level group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05),while the concentration of uric acid in 0.75% level group was extremely significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.01).②On the 14th day,the concentration of serum Glu,Ser,Arg,Leu,Ile,Lys and total free amino acids in 0.15% level group was highest,which were significantly or extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.05;P<0.01).On the 42th day,serum Arg,Cys and the total free amino acids in 0.15% level group were the highest. And serum Glu,Ser,Tyr,Met,Val and Lys in 0.30% level group were highest,which were significantly or extremely significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05;P<0.01). In summary, adding 0.15% or 0.30% N-HMM-Ca on diet of lactating dairy had no significant effect on serum nitrogen content (P>0.05),but adding 0.15% N-HMM-Ca could increase the concentration of serum free amino acids. Considering all the facts,the recommended amount of N-HMM-Ca on diet of lactating dairy cows was 0.15%.     

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对哺乳母猪生产性能及氮利用的影响

本研究旨在探讨低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对哺乳母猪生产性能及氮利用的影响。选择24头胎次、体重和体况相近的长白×大白哺乳母猪,随机分为4组,每组6头,每头母猪哺育12头仔猪。各组母猪分别饲喂粗蛋白质(CP)18%、17%、16%、14%的饲粮(后3种为低CP氨基酸平衡饲粮),哺乳期21d。结果表明:CP14%饲粮使母猪体重损失显著增加(P<0.05);CP14%饲粮组仔猪断奶窝重和窝增重分别较其他试验组显著下降(P<0.05);CP17%、CP16%饲粮可显著提高母猪CP和有机物的消化率(P<0.05),CP17%、CP16%、CP14%饲粮可显著提高母猪粗脂肪的消化率(P<0.05);CP16%、CP14%饲粮组总氮摄入量、吸收氮、总氮排出量均显著低于其他试验组(P<0.05),CP18%饲粮组血清尿素氮显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Nitrogen and energy utilization in lactating dairy goats fed diets with different legume seeds

The N and energy utilization of diets with different legume seeds was analysed in lactating goats. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were used and in each case 30% of the protein was supplied by one of four different legume seeds: lupins (L), faba beans (FB), bitter vetch (BV) and vetch (V). A group of eight Granadina goats, allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square, were used. The N and energy utilization of the different diets may be considered adequate; milk N/intake N was approximately 0.20, milk N/N balance was approximately 0.50 and milk energy/metabolizable energy was approximately 0.30. Under similar N and energy intakes, faecal and urinary excretion of N and the quantities in milk did not vary significantly. However, the partition of the N balance between milk production and deposit within the body varied depending on the diet. Although this N available to the metabolism was the highest for the FB diet, the quantity of this directed to milk was the lowest. Finally, the faecal and urinary excretion with respect to the quantity directed to milk production did not vary significantly among the different diets.     

中国乳母膳食营养研究现状

目前中国居民膳食营养参考摄入量在各地区按照统一标准施行。然而中国地区差异大,乳母膳食营养有一定的差异,即使是在同一地区,乳母膳食营养也受到地理环境、生活习惯、社会经济和文化、教育水平等的影响。乳母膳食影响母婴营养状况。了解和掌握不同地区乳母膳食摄入特点和营养情况,对指导饮食摄入量有重要意义。