有机铬对奶牛的作用

奶牛在妊娠晚期、产奶早期、高温时期和运输过程中处于极度应激的状态下,生产性能、免疫力、繁殖性能均受到影响。近年来研究发现有机铬对缓解奶牛应激有显著的作用,本文将就此作一综述。     

对奶牛胎衣不下的认识和处理

本文结合本场的生产实际，讨论了母牛胎盘的特点，胎衣不下的症状与诊断；着重讨论了本病的发病率及其影响因素，并将病因分析、归纳成一个示意图；最后综述了多项治疗和预防胎衣不下的措施，如灌服羊水，注射激素，用维生素A、D、E和亚硒酸钠，灌服中药，手术剥离以及电刺激等。     

奶牛营养平衡与需要量

随着我国奶牛业的快速发展,奶牛对日粮营养平衡的要求越来越高,而正确理解奶牛的营养需要对制定营养平衡的日粮配方非常重要。本文主要从能量、蛋白质、纤维、矿物质和维生素方面探讨奶牛的适宜营养需要量。     

不同方法检测乳品预制塑料容器中微生物的比较研究

研究不同检测方法反应出的容器污染情况,采用发酵法、滤膜法以及涮洗法对乳品塑料预制瓶容器在不同贮存时间和不同污染程度所产生微生物进行检测.结果表明:发酵法不能全面反应出容器的污染情况,涮洗法和滤膜法的采样方式更全面,能更好地反应污染情况.但滤膜法不适用于高污染的环境下的检测.因此,涮洗法更适合在工业化生产中用于批量检测.     

Hydrogen peroxide produced by a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk with high electrical conductivity in dairy cows

In dairy cows, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) produced from a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk from inflamed quarters was lower than that in milk from un‐inflamed quarters. In milk of delivery grade, characteristics of H₂O₂ production in milk with high electrical conductivity (EC) were examined in this study. Milk samples were collected from a total of 230 cows at 1‐month intervals, and the EC of skimmed milk was determined. Based on the highest and the lowest EC of a cow's quarter milk, the inter‐quarter difference of ≥0.6 mS/cm (mean + t_0.01 SE) was taken as a high EC. Milk with high EC was found in 52 quarters. In cows with milk of high EC, H₂O₂ production in milk with normal EC was higher than that in milk with high EC in the same animal but was lower than that in the control population. In milk with high EC, the decrease of H₂O₂ production correlated with the increase in EC. The production of H₂O₂ decreased in particular when the inter‐quarter difference exceeded 0.8 mS/cm. In milk collected from the same quarter 1 month before, EC changed from normal to high, and H₂O₂ production decreased. In milk from the other three quarters, EC remained normal and H₂O₂ production remained unchanged. We concluded that milk with high EC appeared in low H₂O₂‐producing cows. The results suggest that the degree of decrease in H₂O₂ production reflects the extent of quarter abnormality.     

Surveillance of Parapoxvirus Among Ruminants in Virginia and Connecticut

In 2008, two deer hunters in Virginia and Connecticut were infected with a unique strain of pseudocowpox virus, a parapoxvirus. To estimate the prevalence of this virus, and in an attempt to define the reservoir, Parapoxvirus surveillance was undertaken between November 2009 and January 2010. 125 samples from four ruminant species (cows, goat, sheep and white‐tailed deer) were collected in Virginia, and nine samples from white‐tailed deer were collected in Connecticut. We found no evidence that the parapoxvirus species that infected the deer hunters is circulating among domesticated ruminants or white‐tailed deer. However, parapoxvirus DNA of a different parapoxvirus species, bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), was detected in 31 samples obtained from asymptomatic cattle in Virginia. Parapoxvirus DNA–positive cattle originated from the same counties indicating probable transmission among animals. Molecular analysis identified BPSV as the parapoxvirus affecting animals. Asymptomatic parapoxvirus infections in livestock, particularly young animals, may be common, and further investigation will inform our knowledge of virus transmission.     

营养和低温对母牛乏情的影响及其机制

选择年龄4－5岁，膘情，体况相当，冬季不发情的健康母牛26头，分为3组，试验1组9头，搭建塑膜暖棚改造传统牛舍，并每头牛每天补充2kg饲料，试验日期从1998年12月1日至1999年6月1日,对3组母牛每月颈静脉采血1次并称重，分离出血清，用放射免疫分析法测定血清中促卵泡素（FSH），促黄体素（LH），雌激素（E2）和孕酮（P4）的含量，结果表明，塑膜暖棚可提高畜舍温度（平均8．2℃），试验结束时，试验1组有6头发情，发情率6／9，试验2组有2头发情，发情率2／7，对照组10头全部未发情，试验初期，FSH，LH和E23组间差异不显著，试验过程中，试验1组有2头发情，发情率2／7，对照组10头全部未发情，试验初期，FSH，LH和E23组间差异不显著，试验过程中，试验1组E2显著高于试验2组和对照组（P＜0．05），试验2组与对照组之间差异不显著，FSH和LH平均含量，3组差间差异不显著。     

牛结核病的防控

牛结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的一种人畜共患慢性传染病.为有效控制和净化牛结核病,切实保障畜牧业生产安全、动物产品质量安全和公共卫生安全,必须坚持预防为主、因地制宜、分类指导、逐步净化的防控方针和策略,把养殖场(户)作为防控本病的主体,不断完善奶牛养殖场生物安全体系,严格落实监测净化、检疫监管、无害化处理、应急处置等综合...     

洛阳生生牧业犊牛健康管理经验

近年来,牧场逐步走向现代化、规模化发展,生产水平大幅度提高,后备牛的培育也提升到了新的高度。犊牛健康管理是牧场成败的关键,但如何做好犊牛健康管理,成为制约奶牛业健康发展的瓶颈之一。为此,本文对河南洛阳生生牧业有限公司的犊牛健康管理工作进行了认真总结,旨在了解犊牛管理现状,分析存在的问题,探索适合大型牧场应用的犊牛管理模式,促进奶业健康、可持续发展。     

奶牛高产养殖技术要点分析

随着人民物质生活水平的不断提升,畜禽产品的需求量也在不断增大,奶牛产业作为畜牧业的重要组成部分,是农牧民增产、增收的重要途径。奶牛饲养过程中,泌乳量的多少直接影响奶牛养殖场（户）的经济效益,如何让奶牛充分发挥其泌乳性能一直是奶牛养殖过程中需要解决的问题。本文在阐述高产奶牛生产特点的基础上,从多个角度分析了奶牛高产养殖技术的要点,为奶牛养殖场（户）正确进行饲养和管理,充分发挥奶牛生产性能提供理论基础。