四种AM真菌接种剂的田间效应及其分子检测研究

采用灭菌土壤生产了 4种AM真菌接种剂。在盆栽条件下测试了接种剂的质量 ,结果显示 ,4种接种剂促进玉米生长效果明显 ,地上部分生物量均显著高于对照 (p <0 .0 1 ) ;以MPN试验检测了接种剂的侵染能力 ,结果表明每克接种剂中真菌的繁殖体数在 95～ 1 4 0 0之间。将AM真菌的预接种技术和农业生产上的营养钵育苗技术相结合 ,进行了玉米的田间试验 ,结果显示 ,玉米根系的AM真菌感染率早期增长较快 ,然后趋于平稳 ;AM真菌接种剂A(Glomusconstrictum)、C (Glomus三种菌混合 )和D (G .intraradices)对玉米籽粒产量有显著的增产效果 (p <0 .0 5 ) ;玉米籽粒的淀粉含量和磷含量也高于对照。运用特异性分子探针和nest ed PCR技术 ,从田间接种AM真菌Glomusintraradices和G .mosseae的玉米根样中粗提DNA进行特异性扩增 ,成功地从感染根段中检测到特定的接种AM真菌。本工作从分子水平为评价高效AM真菌的应用潜力、研究AM真菌之间及其与其他微生物之间的相互关系奠定了基础。     

Green manure production of Azolla microphylla and Sesbania rostrata and their long-term effects on rice yields and soil fertility

Summary Azolla spp. and Sesbania spp. can be used as green manure crops for wetland rice. A long-term experiment was started in 1985 to determine the effects of organic and urea fertilizers on wetland rice yields and soil fertility. Results of 10 rice croppings are reported. Azolla sp. was grown for 1 month and then incorporated before transplanting the rice and 3–4 weeks after transplanting the rice. Sesbania rostrata was grown for 7–9 weeks and incorporated only before transplanting the rice. Sesbania sp. grew more poorly before dry season rice than before wet season rice. Aeschynomene afraspera, which was used in one dry season rice trial, produced a larger biomass than the Sesbania sp. The quantity of N produced by the Azolla sp. ranged from 70 to 110 kg N ha^-1. The Sesbania sp. produced 55–90 kg N ha^-1 in 46–62 days. Rice grain yield increases in response to the green manure were 1.8–3.9 t ha^-1, similar to or higher than that obtained in response to the application of 60 kg N ha^-1 as urea. Grain production per unit weight of absorbed N was lower in the green manure treatments than in the urea treatment. Without N fertilizer, N uptake by rice decreased as the number of rice crops increased. For similar N recoveries, Sesbania sp. required a lower N concentration than the Azolla sp. did. Continuous application of the green manure increased the organic N content in soil on a dry weight basis, but not on a area basis, because the application of green manure decreased soil bulk density. Residual effects in the grain yield and N uptake of rice after nine rice crops were found with a continuous application of green manure but not urea.     

Ecology of the earthworm Allolobophora carpathica in field and laboratory studies

Allolobophora carpathica is an earthworm species found in the Eastern Carpathian mountain region, but little information is available on its ecology. Field sampling in beech woodland of the Bieszczady National Park, SE Poland, found this species in soils with a pH of less than 5.0 and C:N ratios of 12 to 13. From sampling over 2 years, at 4 sites with differing sub-vegetation, a mean density of A. carpathica of 6.75 individuals m^-2 with a biomass of 8.65 g.m^-2 was recorded. The largest mature adults were in excess of 14.0 g but there were significant differences (p < 0.01) between sampling sites. Seasonal patterns of abundance were observed.To obtain more data on the growth and breeding biology of this species, specimens were collected from the field, taken to laboratories and maintained in mesocosms under controlled environmental conditions. Cocoon production was 0.88 cocoons per earthworm per month at 15^oC, but under fluctuating temperature conditions (16 - 24^oC) no cocoon production occurred. The mean cocoon biomass was 83 mg  (n = 104) and incubation took 178 days at 15^oC (n = 14), although hatchability was low (22%) under these conditions. Growth from the hatchling stage, (mean mass 86 mg; n = 18), to maturity (c. 8.5 g) took 8 - 12 months at 12^oC.     

杀球灵抗鸡球虫的药效研究

采有笼饲试验和围栏试验,研究了一种新的抗球虫药——杀球灵抗鸡球虫的药效。笼饲试验表明:杀球灵抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的指数为195.6,属于高效抗球虫药.围栏试验表明:杀球灵以1ppm剂量添加于饲料,可有效地控制鸡的3种主要球虫——柔嫩、堆型和巨型艾美耳球虫的混合感染,可阻止死亡、抑制盲肠病变产生和卵囊形成,并能维持正常的增重和饲料转化率。     

深化实验教学改革,加强实验室管理

作为人才培养基地，高等学校实验室在“科教兴国，可持续发展战略”中起着至关重要的作用，实验室的建设与发展，直接影响着实验教学和科研任务的完成，因此，必须深化实验教学改革，加强实验室管理。     

深化实验室体制改革,加快实验室建设步伐

改革按教研组设置实验室的管理体制,打破以课程设置的条块分割局面,重新组建教学实验室,在实验室体制上实行集中管理,加强实验技术队伍建设,改善实验条件,以适应 2 1世纪人才培养的需要     

茶学专业教学实验室设计及装备标准的研究 Ⅱ.实验室装备

根据各个教学实验室承担的实验项目,以及基础与提高、近期与中期、国产与进口、室内和室外并举的原则,以30人为一个教学班,其实验室装备标准为:总计仪器设备519台件套,总金额约113万元,人均占有3.76万元;其中室内部分为424台件套,金额约80.5万元,占总金额的7I%,人均占有2.68万元;而教学用、教学科研兼用.科研用的比例为6:2:2。     

10%丁醚脲微乳剂防治小菜蛾的田间药效实验

田间药效试验结果表明:10%丁醚脲微乳剂对小菜蛾有较好的防治效果,156g/hm2对小菜蛾的防效可达98.47%。     

作物品种区域试验多年资料联合分析法的应用

用作物品种区域试验多年资料联合分析方法的计算机程序对 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年度国家玉米品种区域试验的部分资料进行分析。结果表明 ,该程序不仅可以进行方差分析 ,而且可以计算品种、试点和品种试点组合的最小二乘均数 ,并可对其差异显著性进行检验。     

通用电工实验台的设计与试制

主要叙述了所研制的一种通用电工实验台的设计与试制,该实验台采用双重保护线路,安全可靠,仪表布置合理,显示直观,操作简便,可完成电路、电机和电器控制等多项电工类实验教学,经专家和实际实验实习检验,表明其电器及安全性能良好,使用方便,具有一定的推广应用价值。