2009—2019 年广东省甜玉米区试品种主要性状选育进展

[目的]了解近年广东省甜玉米区域试验品种的变化规律,探索甜玉米的育种进展,进一步提高我国甜玉米育种的水平.[方法]根据2009—2019年广东省甜玉米区试品种多点试验数据,分析参试品种的农艺性状、经济性状、抗病性及综合品质等主要性状表现.[结果]11年间参试品种株高平均增加15 cm左右,穗位高总体稳定在68 cm左右,平均茎粗趋向稳定接近2.0 cm;穗长也有一定程度的增加,平均增幅为1.5 cm,穗粗增加趋势较为明显,表明注重大穗型品种的选育;区试品种产量在波动中呈现较快的上升趋势,育成品种中高产品种占据较大比例;抗小斑病育种取得较好的成果,多数品种对小斑病的抗性级别达中抗以上,但近3年来对纹枯病的抗性一般,部分品种感病,抗性级别降低;优质品种占参试品种的比例达30％以上,对品质的选育也在加强.[结论]连续11年广东省甜玉米区域试验表明,甜玉米主要性状的改良取得一定成效,相关农艺性状在不断探索协调产量构成各因素之间的关系,促使产量逐步提高,优质抗病品种比例有所提升,当今甜玉米育种在朝高产、优质、抗病抗倒、适应性强等复合性目标迈进,注重品种转化及推广应用,促进了我国甜玉米产业的快速发展.     

农业院校化学实验室污水防治探讨

农业院校化学、给排水及环境工程等专业的学生在做实验的同时给周围环境带来的污染也日益严重。污染物处理,特别是污水排放处理是一个不容忽视的问题。该文就化学实验室的污水排放处理问题进行探讨,提出了化学实验室污水处理可行性措施,以有效地减少化学实验给周围环境带来的污染。     

高级别动物生物安全实验室气密性的探讨

高级别动物生物安全实验室气密性是保证实验室空气洁净度、室内实验人员和室外环境安全的重要手段。我国现行规范对高级别动物生物实验室各区域气密性有严格的规定。从实验室装修、围护结构设备安装以及气密性检测方面对实验室气密性进行了讨论,以期为我国高级别动物生物安全实验室的建设提供参考。     

社会需求与兽医系统实验室能力提升

兽医系统实验室在指导动物疫病防控、维护公共卫生安全等方面占有举足轻重的地位。随着动物疫病防控工作的不断深化,加强兽医系统实验室能力建设显得尤为紧迫。本文着重介绍了近年来重庆市兽医实验室体系建设的一些实践措施,以期为其他省份兽医系统实验室的进一步发展提供参考。     

Analysis of series of variety trials with perennial crops

Field trials with perennial crops give rise to repeated measurements taken on the same plot on several occasions. It is important to account for serial correlation among repeated measurements in such trials. This study illustrates the use of mixed models for this purpose. We consider the analysis of trials conducted at several locations and the combination of trials with different starting years. A key issue in the analysis is the distinction between effects of calendar years, which are associated with external environmental variation, and harvest years, which represent internal yield formation processes of the perennial crop. Two methods of two‐stage analysis are compared with single‐stage analysis. It is shown that results of two‐stage analysis are very similar to those of single‐stage analysis, if serial correlation is properly taken into account. Program code for the MIXED procedure of the SAS system is given in an Appendix S1 for all considered cases.     

孤雌拟长跗摇蚊实验室规模培养技术及生活史研究

研究了孤雌拟长跗摇蚊实验室连续规模培养技术,在恒温20、25、28℃条件下对其生活史进行了详细地记录。结果显示:槐叶-黏土培养基适于作为该种摇蚊的食物及筑巢来源。生活史方面,恒温20℃条件下,约25.5 d经历1个世代;恒温25℃,约19.5 d经历1个世代;恒温28℃,约15.5 d经历1个世代。又因该种生物对水质反应敏感,适于作为模式生物进行开发。     

美国转基因作物田间试验频次分析

本研究通过对美国转基因作物田间试验频次分析揭示转基因作物研发的概貌和规律.采用EXCEL"数据透视表与数据透视图"软件,对美国转基因作物田间试验数据库和世界经济合作组织转基因作物田间试验数据库近20年数据进行统计分析.结果表明,至2008年9月止,美国转基因作物田间试验累计达13782次,涉及158种作物,10大类性状和98家公司或研究机构.1987-2008年间,审批的田间试验次数先呈直线上升,其后稳定在每年1000次左右.试验物种以玉米、大豆、棉花为主,分别占45.8%、9.7%和6.4%.涉及的主要性状有抗除草剂、抗虫和品质性状.62.7%的转基因作物田间试验由孟山都和国际先锋等五家私人公司完成.分析认为,只有经济价值高、安全性好、技术成熟、消费者容易接受的转基因作物才拥有更广阔的发展前景.建议我国加强非粮食作物转基因技术的研究.     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

计算机实验室综合管理系统的研制

本文介绍了一种计算机实验室综合管理系统的设计与实现,重点介绍了设备管理、学生实验课管理、学生零散上机管理及实验员的管理。