The construction and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds

Methadone is an opioid analgesic in veterinary and human medicine. To help develop appropriate pain management practices and to develop a quantitative model for predicting methadone dosimetry, a flow‐limited multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for methadone in dogs constructed with Berkeley Madonna? was developed. The model accounts for intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and oral administrations, and compartmentalizes the body into different components. This model was calibrated from plasma pharmacokinetic data after IV administration of methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds. The calibrated model was evaluated with independent data in both breeds of dogs. One advantage of this model is that most physiological parameter values for Greyhounds were taken directly from the original literature. The developed model simulates available pharmacokinetic data for plasma concentrations well for both breeds. After conducting regression analysis, all simulated datasets produced an R ² > 0.80 when compared to the measured plasma concentrations. Comparative analysis of the dosimetry of methadone between the breeds suggested that Greyhounds had ~50% lower 24‐hr area under the curve (AUC) of plasma or brain concentrations than in Beagles. Furthermore, population analysis was conducted with this study. This model can be used to predict methadone concentrations in multiple dog breeds using breed‐specific parameters.     

甘蓝尖椒新品种及新栽培技术模式研究与推广

经4年试验示范推广,在冀东加苫加后土墙型冷棚中,摸索出甘蓝尖椒新品种及新栽培模式,即选用新品种甘蓝精选8398,尖椒冀冬35。精选8398在8月下旬至9月上旬播种,定植密度67 500株/hm2;冀冬35在11月下旬播种,单株定植,密度46 500株/hm2。试验表明:甘蓝精选8398平均产量54 225 kg/hm2,收获期集中在元旦、春节,比对照中甘11增产6 525 kg/hm2,增产率达12.03%,产值高29 520元/hm2;尖椒冀冬35平均产量78 430 kg/hm2,4月上旬采收,比对照朝研牛角椒提前25 d左右上市,增产19 530 kg/hm2,增产率达24.90%,产值高41 075元/hm2。该模式平均纯效益161 312元/hm2,比传统栽培模式高78 189元/hm2,在京、津、冀等北方地区有着广泛的推广价值。     

桑沟湾养殖海带生长的模型预测

海带(Saccharinajaponica)是一种常见的大型经济褐藻,是海洋生态系统重要的初级生产者,也是我国北方沿海主要的养殖藻类。本研究旨在建立海带个体生长数值模型,并以此预测中国北方近海大规模筏式养殖条件下海带的生长情况。本研究以桑沟湾养殖海带为例,利用可视化模型软件STELLA描述海带生长的关键过程及其与环境参数的关系,以净生长量(N_(growth))=总生长量(G_(growth))–呼吸作用(resp)–枯烂(E_(kelp))为基本框架,模拟和预测海带的生物量和叶片长度变化。海带的总生长用光照、温度、盐度、海带体内营养盐(包括N和P)等强制函数定义,其中,光照参数来自桑沟湾气象记录,盐度、温度和营养盐为现场调查实测值。模型模拟桑沟湾养殖海带的长度与干重结果与实测值的拟合度R~2值分别为0.936、0.963,说明该模型能够很好反映海带的真实生长情况。可靠的个体生长模型是评估海带养殖容量的基础,并可为水产养殖区的空间规划提供决策依据。     

面向多类型土壤有机碳定量反演的天基高光谱探测参数研究

星载高光谱仪器的光谱通道以及光谱分辨率和信噪比等核心参数设置直接影响土壤有机碳定量反演精度。本研究开展了卫星载荷光谱分辨率、信噪比、光谱特征波段对不同土壤类型有机碳反演影响的研究,提出了基于大气传输模型、光谱分辨率分析模型、信噪比分析模型、特征波段的提取分析模型以及偏最小二乘回归反演模型的面向不同土壤类型有机碳监测的高光谱卫星“地面–大气–仪器–观测–反演”全链路仿真分析方法,实现了土壤类型、大气效应、仪器特性参数、反演方法的耦合影响分析。结果表明：①3种类型土壤有机碳反演的最佳光谱分辨率均在10~20 nm。②不同土壤类型对观测的信噪比需求不同。对于Phaeozem的有机碳监测,较另外两种土壤有更高的信噪比需求。③在不同特征波段提取分析方法下所需的最佳光谱分辨率和信噪比一致。不同类型土壤光谱数据提取出的特征波段不同,其中反演效果最佳的土壤类型为Chernozem,特征波段数为26个,R²=0.826 5,RMSE=3.438 9 g/kg。④反演模型与仪器特性参数无耦合关系,同一类型土壤不同反演算法的最佳光谱分辨率和信噪比需求一致。⑤Chernozem有机碳最佳反演参数需求为光谱分辨率15 nm,信噪比大于506.66,特征波段提取数为26个;Kastanozem有机碳最佳反演参数需求为光谱分辨率17 nm,信噪比大于331.42,特征波段提取数为22个;Phaeozem有机碳最佳反演参数需求为光谱分辨率15 nm,信噪比大于432.51,特征波段提取数为19个。     

西北太平洋公海柔鱼和日本爪乌贼个体发育期营养生态位变化分析

为了更好的了解柔鱼和日本爪乌贼个体发育期营养生态位变化,根据2021-2022年“淞航”号渔业资源调查船所采集36尾柔鱼和30尾日本爪乌贼样本,对其眼睛晶体进行了碳氮稳定同位素分析。结果表明：柔鱼个体δ13C、δ15N值变化幅度分别为0.10‰-1.68‰、0.79‰-7.51‰;日本爪乌贼个体δ13C、δ15N值变化幅度分别为0.15‰-1.20‰、0.81‰-7.05‰。柔鱼、日本爪乌贼生态位面积变化范围分别为0.40‰2-5.85‰2、0.27‰2-5.36‰2。GAM模型分析显示：柔鱼眼睛晶体δ13C、δ15N与晶体直径均具有显著的相关性（P<0.01）,偏差解释率分别为31.9%和34.3%。日本爪乌贼眼睛晶体δ13C、δ15N与晶体直径均具有显著的相关性（P<0.01）,偏差解释率分别为12.9%和19.4%。分析认为,个体营养生态位的变化幅度较大,侧面反映了西北太平洋黑潮-亲潮过渡区同位素基线值变化幅度较大;该海域的柔鱼、日本爪乌贼个体摄食水平存在很大差异;个体发育和基线值是影响组织δ13C、δ15N值的因素。     

云龙石斑鱼胃排空特征和摄食消化特性研究

为阐明养殖新品种云龙石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara♀×E.lanceolatus♂)摄食胃排空特征和消化酶活性变化规律,本研究检测了体重为(680.35±39.84)g云龙石斑鱼摄食后胃内容物百分比,比较了线性模型、平方根模型和立方模型对胃排空曲线的拟合程度,分析了云龙石斑鱼摄食后血清中葡萄糖、皮质醇含量和肝脏消化酶活性变化,并对胃排空率与消化酶进行了相关性分析。结果发现,云龙石斑鱼摄食后,胃排空率呈典型的先慢后快再慢的消化类型。3种模型均能拟合云龙石斑鱼的胃排空数据,其中,立方模型拟合效果最佳。由立方模型可知,云龙石斑鱼胃80%排空(食欲基本恢复)时间为9.5 h,100%排空(食欲完全恢复)约为14.8 h。血清中葡萄糖、皮质醇含量及肝脏中消化酶(淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶)活性在摄食胃排空过程中均呈先升高后降低的趋势。摄食后,血清中皮质醇、葡萄糖含量和肝脏内消化酶活性逐渐升高,0~3 h上升速率较慢,3~6 h内呈急剧上升的变化趋势,且在摄食后6 h,血清中皮质醇、葡萄糖含量和肝脏内消化酶活性达到最高(P<0.05),之后呈显著下降趋势,云龙石斑鱼瞬时排空速率与消化酶活性呈正相关(P<0.05)。综上,基于云龙石斑鱼胃排空特征和摄食消化特性,结合生产实践,在食欲基本恢复后开始投喂,投喂间隔为10 h左右,每日投喂2次,效果最佳。     

吉富罗非鱼成鱼脏器系数的研究

为研究罗非鱼(Oreochrowis niloticus)组织脏器重量与体重的关系,获得脏器系数.本研究随机选取40尾体重为600～900 g雄性吉富罗非鱼(GIFT)成鱼,进行体重、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠、鳃、皮肤、胆囊、鳞片、肌肉及其他组织(鱼头、鱼鳍和鱼骨等)重量的测定,对体重与各组织脏器重量进行相关性分析,...     

青海省2017—2019年州县级兽医系统实验室检测能力比对

为全面了解和提升兽医系统实验室检测能力,2017—2019年青海省动物疫病预防控制中心连续3年组织州县级兽医实验室开展检测能力比对工作.根据每年疫病的流行态势,设置PCR、ELISA以及传统类检测等比对项目.结果显示:2017—2019年实验室总体准确率分别为50.00％、56.82％、74.47％,样品总正确率分别为...     

木材蠕变模拟研究概述

综述树种和材性变异、应力水平、温度、含水率等因素对木材蠕变的影响,介绍分析含水率稳定和变化条件下木材蠕变模拟预测等方面的研究进展情况.我国木材蠕变特别是木材的机械吸附蠕变研究尚缺乏系统性,应综合考虑不同的影响因素对木材蠕变进行充分研究,以建立不同条件下木材蠕变预测的模型,为国内木材蠕变研究及木结构建筑的安全和可靠性设计提供基础.     

Evaluation of host and bacterial gene modulation during Lawsonia intracellularis infection in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mouse model

BackgroundProliferative enteritis caused by Lawsonia intracellularis undermines the economic stability of the swine industry worldwide. The development of cost-effective animal models to study the pathophysiology of the disease will help develop strategies to counter this bacterium.ObjectivesThis study focused on establishing a model of gastrointestinal (GI) infection of L. intracellularis in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the disease progression and lesions of proliferative enteropathy (PE) in murine GI tissue.MethodsWe assessed the murine mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses generated in response to inoculation with L. intracellularis.ResultsThe mice developed characteristic lesions of the disease and shed L. intracellularis in the feces following oral inoculation with 5 × l0⁷ bacteria. An increase in L. intracellularis 16s rRNA and groEL copies in the intestine of infected mice indicated intestinal dissemination of the bacteria. The C57BL/6 mice appeared capable of modulating humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to L. intracellularis infection. Notably, the expression of genes for the vitamin B12 receptor and for secreted and membrane-bound mucins were downregulated in L. intracellularis -infected mice. Furthermore, L. intracellularis colonization of the mouse intestine was confirmed by the immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses.ConclusionsThis is the first study demonstrating the contributions of bacterial chaperonin and host nutrient genes to PE using an immunocompetent mouse model. This mouse infection model may serve as a platform from which to study L. intracellularis infection and develop potential vaccination and therapeutic strategies to treat PE.