西北干旱灌区紫花苜蓿高产田施肥效应及推荐施肥量研究

为揭示紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥效应,采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计,对紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥合理配比施肥效应进行研究,同时对紫花苜蓿产量及蛋白总量进行肥效模型拟合。结果表明,氮、磷、钾对建植2年苜蓿产量的贡献为钾>磷>氮,对建植3年苜蓿产量的贡献为磷>钾>氮,建植2与3年苜蓿交互效应均表现为氮磷>氮钾>磷钾。氮、磷、钾对建植2年苜蓿蛋白总量的贡献为氮>钾>磷,对建植3年苜蓿蛋白总量的贡献为氮>磷>钾。建植2年苜蓿氮磷肥互作效应明显优于氮钾、磷钾互作;建植3年苜蓿氮磷、氮钾交互对苜蓿蛋白总量的增产效果明显大于磷钾交互。采用频度分析法,通过模拟寻优,得出建植2年紫花苜蓿目标产量大于平均产量17522kg·hm^-2时,优化施肥量为氮56.27~67.51kg·hm^-2、磷77.69~90.48kg·hm^-2、钾76.43~87.18kg·hm^-2;建植3年紫花苜蓿目标产量大于平均产量19234.1kg·hm^-2时,优化施肥量为氮46.75~57.66kg·hm^-2、磷80.15~92.28kg·hm^-2、钾57.79~69.74kg·hm^-2;建植2年紫花苜蓿目标蛋白总量大于平均2115kg·hm^-2时,优化施肥量为氮66.35~77.48kg·hm^-2、磷79.34~92.87kg·hm^-2、钾73.68~85.38kg·hm^-2;建植3年紫花苜蓿目标蛋白总量大于平均2656kg·hm^-2时,优化施肥量为氮68.44~79.50kg·hm^-2、磷72.74~85.96kg·hm^-2、钾50.68~61.61kg·hm^-2。     

实验室内部质量控制方式及结果评价

对使用标准物质或控制样品、使用相同或不同方法进行重复检测,留样再测,使用添加回收率,分析一个物品不同特性结果的相关性等实验室内部质量控制方法及结果评价进行了具体的探讨。为规范实验室内部质量控制方式与结果评价提供参考。     

温氏支原体感染动物模型的建立

为促进温氏支原体的深入研究,本试验建立了温氏支原体感染动物模型。选择6～8周龄健康雄性昆明种小鼠60只,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,试验组(A、B、C)分别以不同方式感染温氏支原体,D组为对照组。结果表明,腹腔注射一定剂量高感染强度的牛红细胞悬液,同时注射免疫抑制剂地塞米松组(C组)表现为首现期出现早,且高峰期红细胞感染率高。应用悬滴镜检法和PCR诊断方法对感染小鼠血样进行鉴定,均符合温氏支原体特征。选择对照组小鼠和感染率高、临床症状较为明显的C组小鼠各10只,进行血液生理生化指标测定(RBC、WBC、Hb、TP、G、ALT、AST),结果呈现出与牛感染温氏支原体相同的规律。     

Usefulness of the murine model to study the immune response against Histoplasma capsulatum infection

The present paper is an overview of the primary events that are associated with the histoplasmosis immune response in the murine model. Valuable data that have been recorded in the scientific literature have contributed to an improved understanding of the clinical course of this systemic mycosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Data must be analyzed carefully, given that misinterpretation could be generated because most of the available information is based on experimental host–parasite interactions that used inappropriate proceedings, i.e., the non-natural route of infection with the parasitic and virulent fungal yeast-phase, which is not the usual infective phase of the etiological agent of this mycosis.     

生物地球化学模型DNDC的研究进展与碳动态模拟应用

脱氮脱碳模型(denitrification-decomposition,DNDC)是通过计算反硝化和有机质分解来模拟氮和碳从土壤丢失而转移入大气时的主要生物地球化学过程模型。作为目前国际上最成功的模拟陆地生物地球化学循环的模型之一,本文主要阐述了DNDC模型的发展过程及其结构,整理了DNDC模型在碳动态模拟过程中的主要研究进展,总结了当前DNDC模型在碳动态模拟领域的应用热点和优势。     

肠道病毒71型感染C57BL/6小鼠模型的初步建立

以1日龄C57BL/6乳鼠作为试验对象,分别通过颅内和腹腔注射肠道病毒71型(EV71)福建株感染,观察记录小鼠体重和体征,定期采集小鼠大脑、小肠、肺、肌肉4种组织,分析病毒载量,通过HE染色和免疫组化观察各种组织病理变化。结果:2种感染途径的C57BL/6乳鼠均于不同时间出现竖毛、弓背和消瘦症状。经腹腔注射感染的乳鼠能在肌肉组织中检测到病毒RNA,经颅内注射感染的乳鼠可在肌肉和肺组织中检测到病毒RNA。病理学及免疫组化结果显示:EV71福建株在骨骼肌中大量增殖,并可导致肌肉组织水肿和坏死、肺组织水肿充血以及神经元坏死等多种组织器官炎症反应。综上,初步建立通过颅内和腹腔注射感染EV71的C57BL/6乳鼠模型,为研究EV71病毒感染机制、建立更优的动物模型提供参考。     

四川省一些实验动物养殖场SPF大鼠和小鼠肠内容物中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测

调查四川省一些实验动物养殖场的实验动物中金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)携带情况,找出传播途径和进化规律,分析其污染原因,为保障实验动物质量提供技术支撑。按照GB/T 14926.14-2001《实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌检测方法》对2011年-2017年四川省部分实验动物中SA进行检测,对分离的SA菌株进行PCR耐药基因mecA检测,并应用金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(Staphylococcus protein A,SPA)和脉冲场电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)进行分子分型。结果显示,2011年-2017年共从7家实验动物养殖场采集并完成370只实验动物中SA的检测,共检出SA 31株,总分离率为12.16%,且均从SPF大鼠中分离所得。31株SA的mecA基因均为阴性。SPA可分成5个型别,其中T2360为优势型别,PFGE型别有10个带型。四川省养殖实验动物中仅SPF大鼠携带SA,不同年份检出SA基因型别基本不同,不同养殖场同一年检出的SA具有相同基因型,说明不同养殖场中的SA可能来自同一污染源,应加强SPF大鼠监控,以确保实验动物的质量。     

Pigs as an experimental model for systemic Mycobacterium avium infectious disease

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and pigs, and causes dissemination through primary intestinal lesions. However, its pathogenesis is not well understood. In this article, we hypothesize that pigs can provide a suitable experimental model of disseminated MAC disease. We compared the initial route of infection, the characteristics of the pathogenic strains, the immunological status of the hosts, and the histological characteristics. The route of infection and infective strains are similar in AIDS patients and pigs. Pigs can respond to infection by the formation of systemic epithelioid granuloma with sufficient cell-mediated immunity. However, there are differences in immunological status and histological features between AIDS patients and pigs. Therefore, pigs might be used as an appropriate animal model because of their good cell mediated immunity triggered by systemic mycobacterial infection. In conclusion, MAC infections in AIDS patients and pigs show similarities in terms of the initial route of infection and the genetic characteristics of the pathogenic strains.     

Serological response of guinea pigs to oily and aqueous inactivated vaccines containing a Brazilian isolate of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is widespread in cattle in Brazil and research shows its large antigenic variability. Available vaccines are produced with virus strains isolated in other countries and may not be effective. In this study, inactivated vaccines containing the Brazilian BVDV-Ib IBSP11 isolate were developed and tested on 6 groups of 10 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Animals in groups A and C received an aqueous vaccine (aluminum hydroxide); B and D groups received an oily vaccine (Montanide ISA50); Group E positive-control animals were given an imported commercial vaccine with BVDV-Ia Singer; Group F animals were sham vaccinated (negative control). Groups A, B and E received two doses, and Groups C and D, three, every 21 days. Twelve blood samples were taken, at 21-day intervals over 231 days, and evaluated for antibody titer through virus-neutralization (VN), using a homologous strain (IBSP11), and a heterologous strain (BVDV-Ia NADL). Most animals, 42 days following the first dose, seroconverted to both strains and, after the second dose, there was a significant increase of titers in all groups. The oily formulation induced greater response after the third administration. This increase was not observed with the aqueous vaccines, regardless of the virus used in the VN. Antibody decline was more rapid in animals that received aqueous vaccines. The results showed the importance of studying the influence of endemic strains of commercial vaccines, to improve the efficacy of BVD vaccination. Use of the endemic strain in vaccine formulation presented promising results, as well as the use of guinea pigs as a laboratory model.