复方中草药对人工感染肉雏鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗和田间预防试验

用自拟复方中草药对人工感染肉雏鸡大肠杆菌病进行了治疗试验和田间临床预防试验。结果表明：该方药治疗肉雏鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效不低于敏感的抗茵西药。     

复方氨苄西林可溶性粉治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

复方氨苄西林可溶性粉为氨苄西林与盐酸环丙沙星组成的复方制剂.为了验证临床疗效,以人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病为模型,采用高、中、低三个治疗剂量与相应的氨苄西林和盐酸环丙沙星三个剂量的单方制剂进行了比较,结果:复方氨苄西林可溶性粉治疗组与阳性对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01);复方氨苄西林高、中、低三个剂量组与氨苄西林高、中、低三个剂量组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),与盐酸环丙沙星三个剂量组比较,死亡率均低于相同剂量的盐酸环丙沙星对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).在增重效果上,复方氨苄西林治疗组平均增重高于阳性对照组,其中高、中剂量组明显高于氨苄西林和盐酸环丙沙星对照组.结果表明:复方氨苄西林可溶性粉对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效好于氨苄西林和盐酸环丙沙星的单方制剂,两药配伍有一定的增效作用.     

雏鸡白痢和大肠杆菌病的药物治疗试验

采用药敏试验测得的药物硫酸丁胺卡那霉素、氟苯尼考、硫酸安普霉素、盐酸环丙沙星、硫酸新霉素、盐酸多西环素对试验动物进行分组用药。试验鸡700只,每组100只。试验结果表明,应用药物治疗雏鸡白痢和大肠杆菌病的效果与药敏试验结果基本一致。     

大肠杆菌病与微血管之间的密切关系

在大肠杆菌病的发病过程中,不管是哪种毒力因子起主要作用,引起肠道局部组织的微血管乃至全身微血管的功能障碍是大肠杆菌病的一个基本特征和病理过程。     

Studies on Cellulitis and Other Disease Syndromes Caused by Escherichia coli in Broilers in Sri Lanka

Cellulitis caused by Escherichia coli in broilers results in substantial losses to the broiler industry in North America and Europe due to condemnations at slaughter. The objective of this study was to identify cellulitis in broilers in Sri Lanka and to characterize the E. coli from cellulitis and other colibacillosis lesions. Twenty-four farms from the low- and mid-country were selected and bacterial isolations were obtained from 241 birds. Two hundred and ninety-one gross lesions were observed in these 241 birds and 162 E. coli isolates were obtained. Cellulitis was observed in 21% of the birds. Twenty-one per cent of the birds had multiple lesions due to E. coli. The frequency of detection of other disease syndromes was 162 (67%) birds with pericarditis, 26 (11%) airsacculitis, 24 (10%) hepatitis, 12 (5%) perihepatitis, and 16 (7%) polyserositis (a combination of pericarditis, perihepatitis and airsacculitis). Serogroups O78, O2, O85 and O88 were distributed among the 32% of typable E. coli and 81% of isolates were assigned to three biotypes. Forty-four per cent of the E. coli isolates produced aerobactin and 88% demonstrated resistance to the bactericidal effect of normal chicken serum. The majority of the E. coli isolates were resistant to the antibiotics commonly used in poultry. All the E. coli isolates were non-haemolytic and 25% of the isolates produced K1 capsule. This study demonstrated the presence of cellulitis in Sri Lanka and this report describes some of the phenotypic characteristics of the E. coli isolates.     

Efficacy of Calcium Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Experimental Infections of Broiler Chickens with Escherichia Coli O78:K80

Two trials were made to assess the efficacy of including calcium fosfomycin in the drinking water or in the feed for four days to control the adverse effects of experimentally induced colibacillosis in broiler chickens. Trial 1 had five groups of 15 chicks each: one group of negative controls; an untreated infected control group and three groups treated with 50, 100 or 200 ppm of calcium fosfomycin in drinking water. Trial 2 had the same groups but the antibiotic was incorporated into the feed. The chickens were infected via their air sacs with 1.7 x 10⁸–3.6 x 10⁸ CFU/chick of Escherichia coli O78:K80. The morbidity and mortality, a score for the gross lesions, the relative weight of the liver and spleen, performance and re-isolation of the challenge bacteria were recorded. Calcium fosfomycin in the drinking water controlled the colibacillosis, particularly in the group treated with 200 ppm. However, no effect of the antibiotic was seen when calcium fosfomycin was incorporated into the feed, the mortality, score of lesions and re-isolation of E. coli from the organs in the three treated groups being similar to those for the infected unmedicated group. The amount of antibiotic ingested in trial 1 was three times more than in trial 2. These results suggest that calcium fosfomycin is best used in the drinking water for the treatment of colibacillosis.     

中草药防治鸡大肠杆菌病的研究进展

中草药含有多种有效成分,具有不易产生耐药性、无环境污染等特点,在防治鸡大肠杆菌病方面具有明显优势。本文概述了中草药抑菌、抗炎、调节免疫机能、逆转耐药性、拮抗内毒素的作用机理及防治鸡大肠杆菌病的应用研究,简要分析了存在的主要问题与今后的发展方向,为进一步研究和开发应用中草药防治鸡大肠杆菌病提供参考。     

The association between extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and ampicillin C (AmpC) beta-lactamase genes with multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from turkeys in Brazil

1. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between Escherichia coli isolates recovered from turkeys and the expression of beta-lactamase genes, such as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and ampicillin class C (AmpC). The phenotype of the resistance profile was examined using the association between amoxicillin and ceftiofur resistance.

2. Results showed that 84% from the turkey isolates harboured 4 or 5 genes associated with the CoIV plasmid. In an antibiogram test, 82% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, the highest levels of resistance being against erythromycin (99%) and amoxicillin (76.1%). ESBL-positive groups were 31% positive for the ctx-m-2 gene, 6.8% were positive for ctx-m-8 and 70% harboured the tem wild gene.

3. All positive isolates from the AmpC beta-lactamase-positive group harboured the cmy-2 gene. The presence of the cmy-2 gene was associated with both the CTX-group genes and resistance to ceftiofur.

4. There was a high prevalence of avian pathogenic E. coli in suspected cases of colibacillosis in turkeys and a high antimicrobial resistance index. The results highlighted the risk of ceftiofur resistance and the presence of both ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase E. coli in the turkey production chain.     

救鸡宝中药复方颗粒剂对大肠杆菌的体内外抑菌效果观察

体外抑茵实验证明救鸡宝液对O78血清型大肠杆菌的药敏抑菌圈直径为23.31±0.95 mm.以O78大肠杆菌感染14日龄艾维茵肉用雏鸡,分别用救鸡宝高、中、低剂量,环丙沙星混饮给药,以比较其疗效.通过临床观察、尸体剖解、细菌检验表明,试验药物组与感染对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01),即试验药物对鸡大肠杆菌病有良好的疗效;救鸡宝高、中剂量与环丙沙星疗效相当(P＞0.05),且不影响鸡只的正常增重(P＞0.05).     

氟苯尼考长效制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

用试管二倍稀释法测定了氟苯尼考与丁胺卡那霉素对大肠杆菌质控菌株ATCC25922,菌株K88、HD1047和临床分离的36株大肠杆菌的体外抗菌活性,进行了鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效试验.结果质控菌株和K88、HD1047株对氟苯尼考均敏感,36株临床分离菌株对氟苯尼考的敏感率为96.2%.在临床疗效试验中,氟苯尼考长效口服液和注射剂组的死亡率低于感染对照组和丁胺卡那霉素对照组(P《0.01),治愈率及有效率高于感染对照组和丁胺卡那霉素对照组(P《0.01),表明氟苯尼考长效制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗有很好的疗效并有较好的应用前景.