Anatomic variations of feline internal and external jugular veins

We evaluated 50 feline head and neck computed tomography examinations to determine the prevalence of vascular variation in the internal and external jugular veins. We identified three distinct anatomic conformations of the internal jugular vein. No variation of external jugular vein morphology was detected. Feline patients can have different internal jugular vein morphology that should be recognized for surgical planning.     

猪颈静脉保留性插管技术的研究

本研究目的在于建立一种试验猪模型,以解决从猪体多次采血进行生理生化动态研究而造成额外应激的问题。对57头成年猪和3种静脉插管材料进行比较试验,结果表明使用医用硅橡胶静脉插管效果最可靠。该管不宜用高压蒸气消毒,而只能用消毒液浸泡消毒或气体消毒。作者对插管技术做了些改进,如设计制作了沟形静脉穿刺针、皮下贯穿金属套管、导管塞子或帽盖以及用真空并采血代替注射器抽血等。对插管手术过程其它注意事项亦作了讨论。     

低酸度酒精阳性乳患牛颈、乳静脉中矿物质含量变化的研究

通过对酒精阳性乳患牛及正常牛颈、乳静脉中8种离子含量的测定与对比分析,发现酒精阳性乳患牛的乳腺分泌上皮细胞选择性吸收钠、钾、钙、镁的功能异常,进而引起乳中的相应含量发生变化;以及患牛乳腺组织利用锌、铜、锰、铁的量发生了变化。这对深入探讨酒精阳性乳症的发生机理以及对患牛乳腺代谢的影响都提供了有力的证据。     

Correlation between jugular and central venous pressures in laterally recumbent horses

Objective To compare and correlate right atrial pressure, which represents central venous pressure (CVP) to jugular vein pressure (JVP) in laterally recumbent horses under anesthesia. Study design Retrospective clinical trial. Animals Seven adult healthy horses (411 ± 8.7 kg). Methods Horses were sedated with IV xylazine and anesthesia was obtained with IV ketamine and diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. All horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency. An 8F catheter introducer was inserted into the right jugular vein to measure JVP. An 8F catheter introducer was inserted into the left jugular vein to be used as the port for a 7F 110 cm catheter that reached the right atrium to measure CVP. Both, CVP and JVP were measured simultaneously with a water calibrated aneroid manometer using the sternum as the 0 cmH₂O reference point. Measurements were compared using Spearman correlation and the Bland‐Altman plot. Results Twenty paired samples were obtained over a period of 2 hours. The CVP ranged from 7 to 31 cmH₂O, while the JVP ranged from 5 to 30 cmH₂O. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that CVP and JVP had a strong correlation with r = 0.88. The Bland‐Altman plot showed a bias of 0.7 cmH₂O. Conclusion and clinical relevance Jugular vein pressure showed a strong correlation with CVP in healthy, euvolemic, laterally recumbent anesthetized adult horses. Thus, JVP cannot replace CVP but it may be used clinically to monitor CVP in laterally recumbent horses.     

Evaluation of a polyurethane jugular catheter in cats placed using a modified Seldinger technique

OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate the placement of a new design of polyurethane jugular catheter in cats using a modification of the technique of Seldinger. The maintenance and use of these catheters for repeated blood sampling over several days in healthy and diabetic cats is reported. PROCEDURE: Thirty polyurethane jugular catheters were placed in 10 clinically healthy cats and 10 cats with diabetes mellitus using the modified Seldinger technique. Catheters were placed while the cats were under general anaesthesia. RESULTS: The catheters remained in place for a range of 2 to 14 days (median 5 days) with no major complications. In all cats patency of the catheters was maintained until removal. All cats examined had patent jugular veins when assessed 4 or more weeks after the catheters were removed. CONCLUSIONS: These polyurethane jugular catheters, when placed by a modified Seldinger technique, are effective and safe in cats, and jugular patency returns after the catheters are removed.