黄颡鱼DMRT1基因cDNA全长克隆及其表达分析

利用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)克隆了黄颡鱼DMRT1基因cDNA全长序列,并利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术对该基因在黄颡鱼成体不同组织及不同发育阶段的表达情况进行研究。结果表明,黄颡鱼DMRT1基因cDNA序列全长1 381bp,其中5′端非翻译区30bp,3′端非翻译区454bp[不包括poly(A)],开放阅读框885bp,编码295个氨基酸。氨基酸序列同源性分析表明,黄颡鱼DMRT1基因与革胡子鲶同源性最高(为81%),与黑鲷、虹鳟、斑马鱼、青鳉的同源性分别为60%、59%、64%和52%,与小鼠、人的同源性较低,分别为42%和44%。实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析表明:DMRT1基因在黄颡鱼胚胎发育阶段及胚后发育的1～51d仔鱼均有表达,且在胚后发育的第31天表达量最高;在成体,只在雄性精巢中特异性表达,其他组织均无表达,且性腺发育阶段的Ⅳ期精巢表达量最高,表明该基因可能在黄颡鱼雄性性腺的形成或功能维持上具有重要作用。     

Independent target region amplification polymorphism and single‐nucleotide polymorphism marker utility in genetic evaluation of sugarcane genotypes

The independent target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker s were used for genetic evaluation of different selected 47 sugarcane genotypes. A total of 23 pairs of TRAP markers generated 925 alleles, of which 74% alleles were polymorphic. Polymorphism was generally high (>50%), ranging from 54 to 98%. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values 0.20 varied among the primer combination ranging from 0.17 in SAI + Arbi 2 to 0.31 in GL 2+ Arbi 1 with an average of 0.24. However, the Pearson correlation between PIC and power of discrimination (PD) was found to be less significant. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were used first time for the assessment of genetic diversity among different species of Saccharum and cultivated sugarcane varieties. The SNPs were detected from 454 sequencing. A total of 245 SNP markers were assayed across the 47 genotypes, and 167 SNPs were found to be polymorphic. The PIC values ranged from 0.04 to 0.38 with an average of 0.21, and their respective PD varied from 0.58 to 0.04 with an average value of 0.31. The obtained results relatively significant were compared with the other marker systems through genetic similarity and the clusters formed in different unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering dendrogram. The clustering analysis established genetic relationship in the order of Erianthus > Sclerostachya > Narenga > Saccharum spontaneum > S. robustum > S. barberi > S. officinarum/cultivars. These results ratify TRAP and SNP marker systems for assessing genetic diversity studies, and more diversified Erianthus spp. can contribute substantially towards sugarcane varietal improvement through breeding with Saccharum spp. or hybrid cultivars.     

First report of Wolbachia from field populations of Culex mosquitoes in south-western Nigeria

Recent reports on finding Wolbachia-strain infections in field mosquito species in some West African countries and the potential for developing these as disease vector biocontrol tools have prompted a search for Wolbachia in mosquitoes within the study area. Using a completely randomised design, mosquito traps were set at different locations in a rural and an urbanised community. One hundred and eighty (180) mosquitoes were trapped and pooled on the basis of genus, sex and site of collection, because there have been no earlier reports of Wolbachia isolated from Nigeria. Twenty pools, made up of not more than ten mosquitoes per pool, were homogenised and analysed for Wolbachia-specific DNA. Mosquitoes were trapped within Ede (urbanised community) and Akoda (rural community). Genomic DNA was extracted from trapped mosquito samples and used as a template in a PCR reaction. The Wolbachia sp. specific 16S rRNA gene was amplified, sequence analysis of PCR products was performed and a chromatogram of the sequence was subjected to Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis to identify the Wolbachia sp. This sequence was subsequently submitted to GenBank with accession number MK127541. The first evidence of the presence of the endosymbiont, Wolbachia in field-caught mosquitoes is hereby documented. The homology of this strain of Wolbachia bears similarities to those reported recently from other parts of West Africa and forms a single clade with a Wolbachia sp. from Mali, with a strong bootstrap support of 99%. This finding of a Wolbachia strain in mosquitoes at Ede could form the basis for more searches for diverse strains of Wolbachia in Nigeria.     

两步扩增法在玉米抗大斑病相关基因片段分离中的应用

对一步扩增法和两步扩增法在DDRT-PCR中的扩增效率进行了比较,结果发现,两种方法得到的片段大小都在150~1500 bp之间,但条带数量和清晰度不同。一步扩增法得到的扩增条带为30~45 条,条带较模糊,两步扩增法得到的扩增条带为40~60条,条带清晰。一步扩增法获得102 条玉米抗大斑病差异表达条带,只有55条带中的cDNA能够成功回收并产生有效扩增,差异条带回收率为53 9%,而两步扩增法获得了148条差异条带,其中138条带都能得到有效回收和扩增,回收率达93 2%。因此,两步扩增法更有利于差异条带的回收和二次扩增。     

腐殖酸对低浓度百菌清的缓释增效作用

【目的】 明确腐殖酸对低浓度（5 mg·L ^-1）百菌清（chlorothalonil）的缓释增效作用,为减少农药使用量、延长农药药效提供新的科学思路,为选择新的农药增效剂提供理论依据。【方法】 将腐殖酸（50 mg·L ^-1）添加至低浓度百菌清中,进行尖镰孢（Fusarium oxysporum）的体外平板及液体培养,通过菌丝体生长试验及血球计数板、等温微量热技术,测定相应的抑菌率（inhibition rate,IR）、孢子体数量以及生长代谢过程中的热量排放。【结果】 将对照抑菌率设定为0,腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理较百菌清处理的IR显著提高了10.29%（P<0.05）,相对增效达到25.33%。液体摇菌培养过程中,摇菌培养的第3天,百菌清处理与腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理的孢子数无显著差异;摇菌培养第7天,百菌清处理的孢子数极显著低于其他处理（P<0.01）;摇菌培养的第14天,腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理的孢子数显著低于其他处理（P<0.05）,而百菌清处理与对照之间无显著差异,表明腐殖酸延长了低浓度百菌清对尖镰孢孢子数增加的抑制效应。各处理的热功率-时间曲线图显示,腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理热量排放曲线在监测的72 h内未检测到热排放峰;而单独添加百菌清的处理在试验的后期重新出现热排放峰;单独添加腐殖酸处理的热排放曲线与对照曲线接近。对热功率-时间曲线相关参数进一步分析,结果显示百菌清处理的P_max（最大热功率）显著低于对照和腐殖酸处理（P<0.05）,而T_max（最大热功率时间）显著高于对照和腐殖酸处理（P<0.05）;腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理的P_max、Q（整体发热量）、k（生长速率常数）均显著低于其他处理（P<0.05）,表明该处理病原菌的生长代谢活性显著低于其他处理,即病原菌生长代谢受到抑制的程度最大;腐殖酸处理与对照曲线各参数之间无显著差异,表明病原菌的生长代谢活性没有受到抑制,同时说明腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理中生长代谢受到的抑制作用与腐殖酸本身无关。【结论】 添加腐殖酸可以显著提高低浓度百菌清对尖镰孢菌丝体生长、孢子体数量增加以及生长代谢过程中能量排放的抑制能力。将腐殖酸作为低浓度百菌清的农药增效剂,是降低百菌清用量及延长百菌清药效的有效措施。     

甘蓝型油菜花序长发夹ｌｈＲＮＡｉ文库的构建

异源四倍体油菜含有大量多拷贝基因及冗余基因,难以通过T-DNA插入、物理及化学诱变等常规突变体库创制方法发掘功能基因。为开发适应于油菜的简单高效的突变体库创制方法,本研究通过滚环复制方法构建了甘蓝型油菜的花序lhRNAi文库,并对这种新型的干扰文库进行质量评估;然后将该花序lhRNAi文库对甘蓝型油菜进行遗传转化,获得763株T0植株,从中鉴定分离出74株具有可见表型变异的花发育相关突变体,包括花瓣减少、形状异常,柱头卷曲,雄蕊退化萎缩,雄性不育（不能产生花粉）、死蕾或花蕾闭合等。说明通过滚环复制介导的lihRNAi文库的构建方法可以成功应用到油菜中,这将为油菜花序发育相关基因功能的研究提供重要的研究平台。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒安徽分离物的基因组结构特征及变异分析

利用滚环扩增（RCA）技术从安徽淮北番茄温室表现曲叶症状的番茄上获得番茄黄化曲叶病毒（tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV）的2个分离物全基因组。 2个TYLCV DNA-A核苷酸序列全长均为2 781 nts,共编码6个ORF。序列比对结果表明,2个TYLCV安徽分离物DNA-A核苷酸序列同源性为99.7%,与已报道的国内外其他24个TYLCV各分离物同源性高达97.8% ~ 99.9%。系统进化分析显示,TYLCV安徽分离物与来自吉林、沈阳、天津、邯郸和山东的5个TYLCV分离物亲缘关系最近。     

生鲜牛乳中产肠毒素大肠埃希菌环介导等温扩增技术的建立与应用

为了快速检测生鲜牛乳中的产肠毒素大肠埃希菌(enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC),防止食源性产肠毒素大肠埃希菌给人类造成的危害,建立快速检测不耐热型产肠毒素大肠埃希菌的环介导等温扩增方法(LAMP)。敏感性和特异性试验结果表明,该方法敏感性高,特异性强,能够从生鲜牛乳中检测到1pg产肠毒素大肠埃希菌DNA,与其他型大肠埃希菌及细菌不发生交叉反应。利用建立的LAMP技术对来自西宁市奶牛场及自由市场的21份生鲜牛乳样品进行检测,6份样品呈阳性,阳性检出率为28.6%,从分子水平为生鲜牛乳中产肠毒素大肠埃希菌的检测提供了一种快速、准确的手段,对保障生鲜牛乳的食品安全有重要意义。     

肝螺杆菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立及初步应用

根据肝螺杆菌fla B基因保守区域设计一组特异性引物,经过条件优化、特异性和敏感性分析,成功建立了肝螺杆菌LAMP快速检测方法。结果显示,建立的LAMP扩增方法仅能检测出肝螺杆菌,其他常见细菌未见特异性扩增。检出肝螺杆菌最低模板量为86.9fg/L,是普通PCR所需模板量的1/10。本研究建立的LAMP快速检测方法具备操作简单、特异性好、灵敏度高的优点,结果易于观察,对仪器设备要求低,适宜推广应用。