Facing strategic narratives: In which we argue interactive effectiveness

The multiple commons is an important context in a world facing the eco-challenge. The platform for land use negotiation is a perspective concerning the good governance of the multiple commons. Platforms are devices or procedures for social learning and negotiation about effective collective action. They create collective decision making capacity at eco-system levels at which critical ecological services need to be managed. Taking platforms seriously as an option for designing a more sustainable society assumes a belief in the human capacity to engage in collective action. Unfortunately, human thinking about humans is dominated by perspectives that emphasize either technical solutions to given human ends, or perspectives that emphasize the selfish nature of human ends. This article focuses especially on the latter: the strategic narratives that have become dominant as society increasingly becomes designed on economic principles. The paper seeks to explain the dominance of strategic narratives and provides social science evidence for alternative perspectives. It concludes with cornerstones for an alternative narrative.     

茶皂素对几种农药的增效作用测定

试验分别测定了茶皂素与Ｂｔ、鱼藤酮和乐果的联合毒力作用。结果显示,茶皂素对这几种农药具有明显的增效作用,加入１０００和２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的茶皂素后,与Ｂｔ对小菜蛾３龄和４龄幼虫的共毒系数（ＣＴＣ）分别达到１６８．１０、２６０．９３和４０８．１５、５４３．６８;而鱼藤酮乐果对萝卜蚜的ＬＣ５０则分别降低了３４．８８％、５８．１０％和１８．１３％、５３．７０％。     

茶皂素对雷公藤乳油防治茶尺蠖幼虫的增效作用

测定了茶皂素对雷公藤乳油防治茶尺蠖幼虫的增效作用。结果表明,用1、2、4mg/ml茶皂素浸叶处理,对茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的毒杀作用不明显,第7天的毒杀效果只有27.03%~37.84%。用雷公藤乳油0.8、1.6、3.2、6.4mg/ml和12.8mg/ml浸叶处理,对茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的毒杀效果在第7天分别为27.27%、33.78%、40.54%、56.76%和63.51%。在0.8mg/ml浓度的雷公藤乳油中加入4mg/ml的茶皂素,对茶尺蠖幼虫的毒杀作用(84.42%)显著高于加1mg/ml茶皂素的毒杀效果(68.83%);而加入2mg/ml和4mg/ml的防效差异不显著。向不同浓度的雷公藤乳油中加入2mg/ml茶皂素,对茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的共毒系数在第1、3、5、7天分别为667.68、981.61、1706.15和1209.76,即增效5.68~11.10倍,达到相同的使用效果可减少雷公藤用量85%以上。对茶尺蠖4龄幼虫增效1.00~6.91倍,减少雷公藤用量50%以上。     

The effects of mechanical actions on washing efficiency

The role of mechanical action on the washing process was studied. The experimental apparatus was designed to simulate each mechanical action such as the hydrodynamic flow action, the fabric flexing action, the abrasion action during washing process. The influence of mechanical action strongly depends on the property and attached state of each soil. The abrasion action was found as the most effective mechanical action for soil removal.     

Neurotoxins from marine dinoflagellates: a brief review

Dinoflagellates are not only important marine primary producers and grazers, but also the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms. It has been reported that many dinoflagellate species can produce various natural toxins. These toxins can be extremely toxic and many of them are effective at far lower dosages than conventional chemical agents. Consumption of seafood contaminated by algal toxins results in various seafood poisoning syndromes: paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP), ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (ASP). Most of these poisonings are caused by neurotoxins which present themselves with highly specific effects on the nervous system of animals, including humans, by interfering with nerve impulse transmission. Neurotoxins are a varied group of compounds, both chemically and pharmacologically. They vary in both chemical structure and mechanism of action, and produce very distinct biological effects, which provides a potential application of these toxins in pharmacology and toxicology. This review summarizes the origin, structure and clinical symptoms of PSP, NSP, CFP, AZP, yessotoxin and palytoxin produced by marine dinoflagellates, as well as their molecular mechanisms of action on voltage-gated ion channels.     

一株对新月弯孢霉等香蕉病原真菌具有良好拮抗作用的菊欧氏杆菌

研究了香蕉内生菊欧氏杆菌(Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder,McFadden et Dimock)E353菌株对香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌新月弯孢霉[Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boedijn]等4钟香蕉病原真菌的抑制效果。对峙培养法和孢子萌发悬滴法检测结果表明,E353菌株对新月弯孢霉具有良好抑制效果。E353培养液滤液明显抑制靶标菌菌丝扩展,形成的抑菌带宽0.6cm;E353滤液使病原真菌芽管的生长点致畸膨大成串珠状,其半致死浓度EC50为4.48%(E353滤液的体积分数)。E353滤液对香蕉枯萎病菌香蕉镰刀菌、香蕉炭疽病菌芭蕉炭疽菌、香蕉链格孢叶斑病菌番茄链格孢亦有良好的拮抗活性,其EC50分别为6.14%、4.57%、7.59%。     

银杏的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)是我国特产经济植物,含有多种有效成分,在医疗和保健等领域有着广泛的用途.本文综述了银杏的主要分布、主要有效成分、生物活性等方面的研究概况,提出了进一步合理开发银杏植物资源的建议.     

农户对林业专业合作组织满意度的影响因素实证分析

应用AMOS构建了农户对林业专业合作组织满意度影响因素的理论模型,并在此基础上提出了6个研究假设。结果表明,认知度、服务度和参与度正向影响满意度,认知度和服务度正向影响参与度,服务度正向影响认知度;农户对林合组织的认知度对其满意度影响最大;服务度不仅直接影响参与度,还通过认知度和参与度2个中介变量间接发挥作用,从而增强服务度对满意度的影响效应;服务种类对林合组织的服务度影响最大。     

3种辣椒超临界提取物的抑菌评价研究

以红辣椒、青线椒和黄灯笼辣椒的超临界二氧化碳提取物为原料,进行体外抑菌试验,比较分析以上3种辣椒油树脂对鸡的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。试验结果表明：海南黄灯笼辣椒提取物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌效果均优于青辣椒和红辣椒;对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用与红辣椒相当,但低于青辣椒。青辣椒提取物的丙酮溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.75、0.6和0.9 mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为0.9、0.75和1.2 mg/mL;海南黄灯笼辣椒提取物的丙酮溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.6、0.45和1.2 mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为0.75、0.6和1.5 mg/mL;红辣椒提取物的丙酮溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.9、0.9和1.2 mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为1.2、1.2和1.5 mg/mL。     

原状黄土冻融过程抗剪强度劣化机理试验分析

通过对西安Q₃原状黄土在封闭系统冻融作用下的电镜扫描和直剪试验,研究了冻融作用对原状黄土微观结构和强度的影响。试验表明：冻融过程中原状黄土微观结构发生显著变化,大颗粒集粒数量明显减少,小粒径土颗粒所占比重增加,孔隙面积比增加。进一步基于损伤力学理论,得到微观结构冻融损伤度随冻融次数增加呈指数增加趋势,反映出冻融作用一定程度上破坏黄土体的结构强度,但多次冻融后黄土体结构强度趋于稳定的残余强度。冻融过程土样表面结构发生破坏,且含水率越高,土体表面特征破坏越严重。粘聚力随冻融次数增加呈指数衰减趋势,且含水率越高,粘聚力衰减幅值和速率越小;粘聚力随含水率增加表现出线性衰减特征,且冻融后粘聚力与含水率的变化规律近似重合;内摩擦角无明显规律性变化。粘聚强度冻融损伤系数随冻融次数增加呈指数增加趋势,随含水率升高有增大趋势。基于试验数据规律性,进一步提出了原状黄土粘聚强度劣化模型,该模型经试验验证可较好描述原状黄土粘聚强度劣化规律。