Effects of gamma radiation on the immature stages ofLiriomyza Trifolii

The effects of γ-radiation on the immature stages ofLiriomyza trifolii Burgess were studied with doses of 2000-25 Gy. The high doses were lethal to all stages. At doses of 750 Gy or less, larvae survived to pupate, but their number was reduced and the majority were either dead or deformed and did not give rise to adults. Eggs and prepupae were more susceptible to radiation than other stages. Larval radiosensitivity decreased with progressing instar, and pupal sensitivity decreased with increasing age. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2922-E, 1990 series.     

~(60)Co-γ辐照对湘尖茶品质的影响

为提高湘尖茶品质,采用~(60)Co-γ射线对湘尖茶进行不同剂量(0~10kGy)的辐照处理,研究了处理后湘尖茶主要化学组分含量和微生物含量的变化。结果表明:辐照处理对湘尖茶中水浸出物总量、咖啡碱和茶碱影响不显著;茶多酚、儿茶素总量、游离氨基酸总量、茶氨酸和可可碱含量分别在辐照剂量为4、6、4、2和10 kGy时达到最大值;2 kGy辐照剂量可以控制湘尖茶中菌落总数和霉菌数均在103以内。因此,综合考虑辐照成本和茶叶质量,可以采用2~6 kGy辐照处理来提高湘尖茶的品质。     

辐射花粉授粉技术诱导黄瓜单倍体

辐射花粉授粉是获得单倍体的有效途径。本研究旨在探讨该途径中影响单倍体再生率的关键因素。本试验利用60Coγ对不同黄瓜材料进行不同剂量的辐射处理,系统研究了辐射剂量、花粉供体基因型、母本基因型对诱导黄瓜单倍体植株再生率的影响。结果表明:3个花粉供体基因型(5211、CC3、南抗一号)花粉经150 Gy辐射处理后,花粉供体基因型5211诱导的植株再生率、单倍体再生率均高于花粉供体基因型CC3和南抗一号。花粉供体在辐射剂量150 Gy辐射处理下较250 Gy及350 Gy更有利于诱导植株再生,再生率最高可达3.92%,单倍体再生率为1.96%。10个母本基因型中6个母本基因型没有诱导出再生植株,占母本基因型总量的60%;4个母本基因型诱导出再生植株,占母本基因型总量的40%,单倍体诱导率为0.26~0.54。     

盐水鹅辐照保质试验研究

鹅是食草家禽,鹅肉属现代健康食品。盐水鹅在20℃的贮存条件下仅36h就会出现异味变质。介绍了通过用不同包装材料、不同辐照剂量保质处理以及对盐水鹅氨基酸影响的研究,探讨了盐水鹅辐照保质的方法,为延长盐水鹅货架期提供新途径。     

γ辐照TMP水溶液的激光Raman光谱

本文对不同剂量γ射线辐照TMP水溶液的激光Raman谱作了研究。结明表明:与胸腺嘧啶环振动模式有关的1188和1207cm~(-1) Raman峰,与环呼吸振动模式有关的786cm~(-1) Raman峰以及与C=O环面弯曲振动模式有关的749cm~(-1)Raman峰对γ辐照比较敏感。表征C=O伸缩振动的1664cm~(-1)峰以及表征C—N伸缩振动的1378cm~(-1)峰,则对γ辐照不敏感。本文对这些实验结果作了解释。     

辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳中纤维素、木质素和木糖的工艺研究

为了提高油菜壳木质纤维素分离效率,本试验以油茶壳为原料,研究不同辐照剂量(0、200、400、600、800 kGy)处理后其粉碎能耗、粒度分布和化学组分的变化,同时开展辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳木质纤维素的工艺研究。结果表明,辐照处理后油茶壳粉碎能耗降低,粉碎后细颗粒样品所占比例增加,经400 kGy剂量辐照处理的油茶壳粉碎能耗比对照节约43.59%,800 kGy剂量辐照处理的油茶壳粉碎后粒径<0.075 mm的颗粒占比达到41.38%。辐照处理后油茶壳木质纤维素发生降解,水溶性组分、水溶性单糖、聚糖含量均增加。辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳纤维素、木质素和木糖的最佳工艺为:辐照剂量400 kGy,反应温度100℃,反应时间3 h,在此条件下分离获得的油茶壳纤维素、木质素、木糖的提取率分别为89.94%、47.74%和96.37%,纤维素和木质素纯度分别为45.05%和91.92%。本研究结果对油茶壳木质纤维素全组分的高效分离和应用具有重要意义。     

菰黑粉菌对60Co-γ辐射的抗性研究

对PDA培养基上生长的菰黑粉菌进行了剂量范围为0～50 kGy的60Co-γ射线辐照.研究结果表明,菰黑粉菌对射线辐照具有极高的抗性,在10 kGy的60Co-γ射线辐照下仍可生长.本研究为筛选生产上有益性状黑粉菌突变体,用于创制茭白新品种作了探索.     

Effects of gamma irradiation on mycotoxin disappearance and amino acid contents of corn,wheat, and soybeans with different moisture contents

The effects of gamma irradiation on degradation of aflatoxin B₁ in wheat, corn, and soybeans and of T-2 toxin in wheat, deoxynivalenol (DON) in soybeans, and zearalenone in corn at 9, 13, and 17% moisture were studied. Radiation doses of 5, 7.5, 10 or 20 kGy were applied to spiked grain samples, and the residual toxins were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Irradiation doses of up to 20 kGy did not significantly affect aflatoxin B₁ in any of the three grains, but significant reductions occurred in T-2 toxin, DON, and zearalenone concentration at doses of 10 or 20 kGy and in T-2 toxin at the 7.5 kGy dose. Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey's Multiple Range Test showed no significant interaction between radiation dose and grain moisture level. Irradiation of the ground grains at doses higher than 5 kGy resulted in small, but significant, losses of lysine in corn (only at 7.5 kGy), wheat, and soybeans, and methionine was reduced in wheat and corn samples. In some cases, phenylalanine decreased in corn and wheat, and histidine levels in wheat were reduced in samples receiving 7.5 kGy of irradiation. Other essential amino acids were not affected significantly by irradiation.Contribution No. 94-114-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.     

包装形式对辐照调理鸡肉理化特性的影响

为探明不同包装协同抗氧化剂对辐照调理鸡肉理化指标的影响,对添加抗氧化剂的辐照调理鸡肉分别采取普通包装、真空包装及气调包装后经5kGy辐照处理,4℃下贮藏,分别在辐照的第0、3、7、10、14、18和21天对鸡肉pH值、TBA值、TVB-N值及色度a*值进行测定.结果表明:添加抗氧化剂结合气调包装的调理鸡肉在贮藏期间pH...     

不同辐照剂量对蜂球囊菌杀灭效果的影响

本试验以蜂球囊菌(Ascosphaera apis)为研究对象,探究不同辐照剂量对蜂球囊菌的杀灭效果,以期明确有效杀灭蜂球囊菌的最低辐照剂量,为Co60γ射线辐照蜜蜂饲料(特别是蜂花粉)时的辐照剂量选择提供依据。利用细菌纯化技术从患白垩病意蜂幼虫体内分离纯化得到蜂球囊菌,并结合形态学、乳酸酚棉兰染色及5.8SrDNA序列分析技术进行鉴定;同时制备不同梯度浓度的蜂球囊菌孢子悬液加入到蜜蜂幼虫饲料中,以饲喂方式侵染3日龄意蜂幼虫,确定半数致死浓度(LC50);蜜蜂幼虫饲料中添加上述确定LC50的孢子,以不同辐照剂量处理,并通过侵染幼虫试验,确定有效杀灭蜜蜂饲料中孢子的最低辐照剂量。结果表明,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,从患白垩病的意蜂幼虫体内分离纯化得到真菌即为蜜蜂白垩病的病原——蜂球囊菌;蜂球囊菌对人工饲养条件下的意蜂幼虫的LC50为9.5×104个/mL;当Co60γ射线辐照剂量为7.0kGy时,幼虫患病率与未辐照组差异显著(P0.05),由此确定对添加半数致死浓度的蜂球囊菌孢子饲料的最低有效辐照剂量为7.0kGy。