拟态弧菌感染黄颡鱼的动态病理损伤及病原分布研究

以1.0×106CFU·m L~(-1)拟态弧菌(Vibrio mimicus)浸浴感染黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),于第0、第4、第8、第16、第24、第36、第48、第60、第72小时剖杀取样,研究病理损伤及病原菌的体内动态分布。结果显示,皮肤肌肉、鳃、肠道出现病变最早,其中皮肤肌肉损伤最严重。第16小时表皮变性、坏死,鳃上皮肿胀,肠绒毛水肿;第24~第48小时表皮坏死、脱落,真皮严重出血,肌纤维变性、坏死,鳃出血,上皮局部坏死,肠上皮变性与灶性坏死;第48~第72小时皮肤肌肉坏死更严重,形成溃疡灶,鳃灶性坏死。肾、肝、脾与心36 h后相继出现不同程度的淤血、出血,变性和灶性坏死。q PCR检测发现,第4小时即在鳃、肠、皮肤肌肉检出病菌,细菌含量分别为1.3×102CFU·mg~(-1)、2.6×102CFU·mg~(-1)、4.7×102CFU·mg~(-1);鳃与皮肤肌肉中菌量随时间延长而增加,第72小时皮肤肌肉中菌量达到4.5×107CFU·mg~(-1);第24小时后相继在肾、肝、脾、心检出病菌,菌量介于1.9×10~4.7×102CFU·mg~(-1)之间。结果表明皮肤、鳃和肠道是病菌的入侵位点,并在体内多组织、器官分布。     

急性铜胁迫对暗纹东方鲀组织铜积累、氧化应激、消化酶、组织病变及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响

通过 96 h 急性毒性实验研究水体铜暴露对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu fasciatus)生理生化及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响。实验设置对照组、0.1 mg/L 和 0.2 mg/L (96-h LC50) 3 个铜处理组。结果表明,铜在暗纹东方鲀肝、肌肉和全鱼中的积累量随着处理浓度的提高而提高。同等浓度处理下,铜的积累量为肝脏>全鱼>肌肉。随着铜处理浓度的提高,肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量及抗氧化酶活性[谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX),总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]显著上升。急性铜暴露诱发肝脏血细胞沉积以及血窦扩张的症状。在鳃中,诱发上皮细胞增生,顶部棒状以及产生动脉瘤等症状。急性铜胁迫后,暗纹东方鲀肠道中的淀粉酶活性显著上升,但脂肪酶活性显著下降。在肝脏中,随着处理浓度的提高,淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著降低。在 0.1 mg/L 处理组,脂肪合成相关基因(G6PD、6PGD、LPL、Fas 和 Acc)的表达量最高。但在 0.2 mg/L 处理组中,脂肪分解相关基因(HSL 和 CPT 1)的表达最高。急性铜胁迫后对转运因子 PPARα的影响不显著,但转运因子 PPAR γ的表达量显著上升。本实验表明铜对暗纹东方鲀生理生化指标及脂代谢相关基因的表达均产生显著影响,本研究为暗纹东方鲀养殖过程中铜的合理使用提供有益的指导价值,也为生产中更好地监控重金属污染提供一定的技术指标参考。     

温度和保湿时间对烟草赤星病叶斑扩展的影响

在人工气候箱内控制条件下研究测定烟草赤星病叶斑扩展规律,结果表明,温度(T)和保湿时间(H)是影响赤星病叶斑扩展的2个主要因素。在温度恒定的条件下,保湿时间延长赤星病病斑面积增大,病斑面积增长一般可持续60h。在12～40℃的温度范围内,烟草赤星病叶斑均可扩展,在同一保湿时间内,12～36℃的温度范围内,随温度升高,病斑扩展率(IP)增大,36℃以后则开始下降。2个品种的病斑面积扩展百分率与温度、保湿时间及其互作具有线性关系NC89SQRT(SQRT(IP))=0.4971-0.00003128×T2×H+0.006659×T×H-0.00006694×T×H2;中烟99SQRT(IP)=0.08099+0.02003×T×H-0.0001078×T×H2-0.002005×H2     

Characteristic upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 in an early lesion negative for hitherto established cytochemical markers in rat hepatocarcinogenesis

Previously, we reported α(2)-macroglobulin (α(2)M) to be a novel marker characteristic of rat hepatocellular preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions negative for hitherto well-established markers. In the present study, we further examined other candidate markers with specificity for the same type of lesions. Glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GST-P)-negative hepatocellular altered foci (HAF) were generated using a two-stage (initiation and promotion) carcinogenesis protocol with N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and either Wy-14,643 or clofibrate, two peroxisome proliferators. Microarray analysis using total RNAs isolated from laser-microdissected GST-P-negative HAF (amphophilic cell foci) and adjacent normal tissues was conducted along with immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Staining for glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was detected in GST-P-negative HAF and hepatocellular adenomas, and slightly increased GRP78 mRNA expression was observed in the lesions by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Thus, an early increase of GRP78 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis is likely a feature of the amphophilic subset of HAF.     

Use of standing low‐field magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose middle phalanx bone marrow lesions in horses

Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) (also known as ‘bone bruises’, ‘bone oedema’, ‘bone contusions’ and ‘occult fractures’) within the middle phalanx were diagnosed by standing low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 7 horses. The lesions were characterised by low signal intensity on T1‐ and T2*‐weighted gradient echo sequences, mildly increased signal intensity on T2 fast spin echo sequences, and high signal intensity on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. Four distinct patterns of abnormal signal were identified: BML associated with osteoarthritis of either the proximal or distal interphalangeal joints; BML associated with soft tissue injury; BML associated with acute trauma; and BML unassociated with any other injury or lameness (assumed to represent bone response to biomechanical stress). Repeat MRI was undertaken in 4 cases. In most cases the BML resolved with rest and time, although lameness was persistent in 2 horses (one of which had an associated osteoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint).     

小麦及其近缘种叶枯病的病斑型及其细胞超微结构特点

应用离体叶片点滴接种平脐蠕孢菌Bipolaris sorokiniana孢子悬浮液并进行电镜观察,研究小麦及其近缘种属叶片上病斑型的发生特点及病、健组织细胞内部超微结构的变化。结果表明,不同品种小麦相同发育阶段的离体叶上病斑型的变化仅与其自身抗病性遗传表达有关。小麦病斑的反应型变化过程,随时间在品种、叶位、不同发育阶段间存在差异,叶肉病变细胞中细胞器结构及功能完好的为14.3%,变化的为28.6%,解体和功能丧失的为57.1%;小麦近缘种病斑的反应型不随时间改变,仅在种属间存在差异,且叶位间的差异不显著,大赖草病变细胞中细胞器结构及功能完好、改变和丧失的均为33.3%。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎组织病理学变化规律的研究

为制造疾病模型便于防治鸡肾型传支。将1日龄健康雏鸡70只分为A、B、C 3组(试验组、对照组和感染组),试验组人工接种IBV肾型毒株,感染组晚1 d放入试验组内混养,常规饲养管理,每日4次观察接毒后的临床症状,同时定期剖检病鸡和病死鸡,取多脏器固定于10%福尔马林液中、石蜡切片、HE染色,显微镜下观察组织病理学变化,按严重程度标+~++++后记录并标明曲线。结果表明,在整个试验过程中肾脏的病理变化最为严重并且持续时间较长,从第2天开始出现病变,并持续到第20天;其次是肺脏,病变出现在第5~16天;肝脏和肺脏的病变时间相同只是程度轻一些;心脏的病变出现在第6~13天。1 d后,感染组也出现相似的病理变化,说明此病的传染性很强。