氮素营养水平对小麦后移栽棉氮代谢的影响

对不同氮素营养水平下的小麦后移栽棉叶片硝酸还原酶活性、棉株含氮量及叶片氨基酸含量等进行了测定。结果表明，除８月１９日外，叶片硝酸还原酶活性与施氮量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９６９３～０．９８８１）；地上部各器官的含氮率和绝对含氮量均随施氮量的增加而提高，且不同器官间呈同步增减的趋势，因而氮素分配比例的变化不大；提高氮素营养水平可显著增加小麦后移栽棉的叶片氨基酸总量和游离氨的含量（ｒ＝０．５３１６和０．５６０５），在１７种氨基酸中，谷氨酸、脯氨酸等７种氨基酸的含量与施氮量呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．５２５６～０．６０７４）。虽然施氮量越高，棉株的氮素代谢越旺盛，但小麦后移栽棉的适宜施氮量约为２０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型在兵团农机总动力预测中的应用

借助灰色系统理论,利用兵团农机总动力的历史数据,建立并对比分析了GM(1,1)模型和新陈代谢GM(1,1),对兵团农业机械总动力进行预测,为以后兵团农业机械化的发展提供一定的参考。     

改进YOLOv5s对病理学图像中猪只小肠绒毛的检测

为解决传统小肠绒毛需要专业人员手动检测耗时耗力且存在主观性和不稳定性等问题,同时提高在复杂病理学图像中小肠绒毛检测的准确率和效率,该研究提出基于改进YOLOv5s检测复杂病理学图像下猪只小肠绒毛的方法。首先,采用串联形式的混合池化对空间金字塔进行优化,增强特征提取与特征表达,提升检测精度;然后引入一种基于注意力机制的网络模块(simpleattentionmechanism,SimAM)与Bottleneck中的残差连接相结合,使用SimAM对Bottleneck中的特征图进行加权,得到加权后的特征表示,利用注意力机制加强模型对目标的感知。试验结果表明,该研究算法的平均精度（average precision）和每秒传输帧数（frame per second,FPS）达到92.43%和40帧/s。改进后的YOLOv5s在召回率和平均精度上相较改进前提高2.49和4.62个百分点,在不增加模型参数量的情况下,每帧图片的推理时间缩短1.04 ms。与经典的目标检测算法SSD、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv6s、YOLOX相比,平均精度分别提高15.16、10.56、2.03和4.07...     

Root exudation of prometryn and its metabolites from Chinese celery (Apium graveolens)

Root exudates from Chinese celery (Apium graveolens) and Chinese cabbage (pak choi, Brassica chinensis) plants treated by prometryn, an herbicide, were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated and compared under hydroponic cultivation. Prometryn and its metabolites released into the nutrient solution were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometer to investigate whether this xylem-mobile herbicide is exuded from the roots. The results showed that celery and pak choi had different root exudation profiles. Celery metabolized prometryn to prometryn sulfoxide and released both compounds from the roots. In contrast, pak choi barely metabolized or actively released prometryn from the roots. The concentration of prometryn sulfoxide released from celery after 96 hr was 21 µg/L, which was nearly one-third that of released prometryn. Our results indicate that the root exudation and translocation of xylem-mobile herbicides could be significant in plants and are highly species dependent compared with phloem-mobile herbicides.     

Gene Discovery and Characterization from Non-sequenced Medicinal Plants

Plant-derived secondary metabolites still constitute important resources for currently prescribed drugs and for the discovery of active principles which are effective in new indication areas. Promising compounds are often exclusively found in wild medicinal plants and the classical plant-based pharmaceutical production approach has been hampered by low yields, lack of reproducibility and the high complexity of plant extracts （Rischer and Oksman-Caldentey, 2005）. Influencing the accumulation of target compounds by breeding or genetic engineering is greatly impeded because in most cases the general biosynthetic routes are incompletely understood.     

马肠道微生物组成及影响因素的研究进展

马肠道微生物群对其营养消化及维持机体健康具有重要作用,肠道不同部位的微生物具有不同功能,易受到各种因素的影响。马肠道正常微生物群结构遭到破坏,可导致肠道微生物失衡和机体功能紊乱,进而引起多种疾病。介绍了马肠道不同部位的微生物群结构组成特征,阐述了影响马肠道微生物群变化的各类因素,以期为改善马肠道营养健康、开发马健康监测和疾病预防工具提供科学依据,也为马肠道微生物研究提供新的视角。     

轮状病毒感染肠上皮细胞激活宿主先天免疫研究进展

轮状病毒(RV)是引起婴幼儿、幼畜禽急性肠胃炎的人畜共患病原,常与其他病原体混合感染,多以呕吐,严重水样腹泻,脱水为临床症状,感染后具有较高病死率,对人类公共卫生以及养殖业造成极大危害.RV病原相关分子模式(PAMP)可被肠上皮细胞(IECs)中一组可遗传的模式识别受体(PRR)识别,通过IECs、先天免疫细胞与RV互...     

干旱胁迫下保水剂对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性香气物质含量的影响

为研究干旱胁迫下保水剂种类和用量对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和香气质量的影响,以德雪3号为试材,采用盆栽试验研究不同保水剂种类(SAP保水剂、沃特保水剂和自制保水剂TS-PAA)与用量(2、4、6 g·株^-1)下的雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性致香成分含量变化。结果表明：1)使用保水剂可有效提高雪茄烟生长发育前期(45 d以前)氮代谢强度,加速氮素营养向烟碱的转化与积累,削弱后期(60 d以后)氮代谢强度,使烟碱的积累程度明显减弱,75 d时各处理的烟碱含量较对照均有大幅度下降,以TS-PAA 2 g·株^-1处理降幅最大,为32.26%。2)使用保水剂能加速中后期(45 d以后)碳代谢进程,促进雪茄烟叶中淀粉、总糖、还原糖含量增加,其中以TS-PAA 4 g·株^-1处理增幅最高,较CK增幅分别为327.28%、80.51%、79.54%,糖碱比增幅161.90%,两糖比(还原糖/总糖)均维持在0.9左右。3)使用保水剂还能显著延迟叶片衰老,提升烟株的抗旱能力,促进雪茄烟叶中性致香成分积累。4)在干旱协迫条件下,保水剂的使用有利于促进雪茄烟...     

Impact of Boron Deficiency on Changes in Biochemical Attributes,Yield, and Seed Reserves in Chickpea

To determine the effect of boron (B) deficiency on biomass, reproductive yield, metabolism, and alterations in seed reserves of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ‘13.G‐256,’ plants were grown in refined sand until maturity at deficient (0.033 mg L^?1) and adequate (0.33 mg L^?1) B, supplied as boric acid (H₃BO₃). Boron‐deficient plants exhibited visible deficiency symptoms in addition to reduced number of pods and seeds, resulting in lowered biomass and economic yield. Boron deficiency lowered the concentration of B in leaves and seeds, photosynthetic pigments (leaves), Hill reaction activity, starch (in leaves and seeds), and proteins and protein N (in seeds), whereas phenols, sugars (in leaves and seeds), and nonprotein N (in seeds) were elevated. Specific activity of peroxidase (POX) increased in leaves and pod wall and decreased in seeds, while activity of acid phosphate and ribonuclease were stimulated in leaves, seeds, and pod wall in B‐deficient chickpea.     

施氮量对小麦氮代谢相关酶活性和子粒蛋白质品质的影响

在2003～2004年和2004～2005年小麦生长季,以强筋小麦济麦20为材料,分别设置N 0、96、168、240、276 kg/hm2 5个施氮量处理和0、96、168、240 kg/hm2 4个施氮量处理,研究不同施氮量对小麦氮代谢相关酶活性和子粒蛋白质品质的影响。两年度的试验结果均表明,在一定施氮量范围内,随施氮量增加,公顷穗数、穗粒数、蛋白质含量、子粒产量和蛋白质产量均显著升高;继续增加施氮量子粒产量显著降低,公顷穗数、穗粒数、蛋白质产量降低或无显著差异。其中2004～2005年生长季,在0～168 kg/hm2施氮量范围内,随施氮量增加,旗叶谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性、开花21d后的旗叶內肽酶（EP）活性、旗叶游离氨基酸含量、子粒醇溶蛋白含量、高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）和低分子量谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）含量、HMW-GS / LMW-GS比值、子粒蛋白质含量、公顷穗数和穗粒数、子粒产量均显著升高,面团形成时间和稳定时间延长;继续增加施氮量至240 kg/hm2,GS活性无显著变化,但开花21 d后的EP活性、-醇溶蛋白、-醇溶蛋白、HMW-GS、LMW-GS和子粒蛋白质含量仍显著提高,面团稳定时间继续延长,子粒产量显著降低。说明施氮过多对小麦氮素同化和产量无益;提高开花后旗叶GS活性和灌浆后期旗叶EP活性,有利于HMW-GS和LMW-GS的积累及HMW-GS/ LMW-GS比值的提高。适量施氮不仅提高了子粒灌浆所需氮源的供给能力,而且显著增加公顷穗数和穗粒数,扩大了单位面积库容,增加了单位面积上的氮素和光合产物在子粒中的贮存,这是适量施氮实现子粒品质和产量同步提高的生理原因。本试验条件下高产优质高效的施氮量为168～240 kg/hm2。