间伐对库区生态公益林养分流失的影响

以福建永安安砂库区生态公益林为研究对象,通过设置径流小区法,分别在坡度25°和32°的林地中,设计不间伐、间伐强度20%、40%、60%4种处理,研究不同间伐强度对安砂库区生态公益林养分流失的影响。结果表明:林地坡度25°情况下,在养分月流失量及流失总量上,间伐强度60%、40%均明显大于不间伐处理,而间伐强度20%与不间伐处理间差异并不明显,且流失量较少。林地坡度32°条件下,养分的月流失量及流失总量总体上随着间伐强度的加大而增加。此外,同一间伐强度下,养分流失总量随着坡度的增加而增加。可见,对库区生态公益林进行抚育间伐时,选择坡度较缓的林地进行低强度间伐(间伐强度20%)较为合理,能够在很好地发挥生态公益林的生态效益的同时获得一定的经济效益,进而实现库区生态公益林的可持续经营。     

The histology of dermal glands of mating Breviceps with comments on their possible functional value in microhylids (Amphibia: Anura)

During mating male and female Breviceps become ‘glued’ together. The distribution of multicellular dermal glands varies between the sexes. The mate has a large number of holocrine glands on the ventrum, while the female has similar glands on the dorsum of the back. II thus appears that both sexes contribute to the ‘glueing’ mechanism. New hypotheses to explain the adhesion between the sexes are proposed, viz., that the shift to terrestrial habils and subterranean laying in Breviceps have secondarily resulted in male si2e diminution. In other microhylids which adhere during aquatic oviposition, yet demonstrate a terrestrial morphology and habits, bouyancy is suggested to be of primary functional value.     

绿色合成2-氯-4-氨基吡啶工艺研究

以2-氯吡啶为原料,采用“一锅法”经N-氧化、绿色硝化、还原得2-氯--4-氨基吡啶.在硝化过程中,最佳的工艺条件为:浓硝酸和硝酸钾为硝化剂,120℃条件下反应3h,产率为81.3％.通过熔点测试、红外分析、MS、元素分析等手段对合成的化合物表征分析,结果表明所得的产物结构正确.     

高校教学区中水回用方式初探

中水作为一种污水处理技术,可以减少淡水资源的使用。高校作为用水大户,优质污水量十分可观,故将中水回用系统引入高校十分必要。基于这种形势。提出一种适合于高校教学区使用的中水回用装置,该装置处理工艺简单,使用方便且维修简单。试验结果表明,处理后的水达到了国家相关标准,可以用于道路清洗或草坪灌溉,具有十分可观的经济、环境和社会效益。     

辽宁营口沿海产业基地民兴河盐碱土对3种引进草种耐盐性的影响

为了确定辽宁省营口沿海产业基地民兴河盐碱地特性,筛选适宜草种,进行盐碱地综合开发和利用.分析测定该地区不同季节不同土层各离子含量,配制土壤盐溶液,测定3种引进草种(NHC牧草、RWW麦草、WAFG 硷草)在不同盐浓度处理下的生理指标.结果显示:该地区土壤含盐量随季节和土层变化而变化,0～60 cm土层,春季含盐量1.42%～1.11%,夏季含盐量1.32%～0.62%.土壤Na 、Cl-与盐度相关系数分别为0.984、0.950,该地区土壤为NaCl型盐土.不同盐处理下, NHC牧草发芽率、种子α-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量、鲜重、成活率均显著高于其他2种试材.NHC牧草萌发的临介土壤盐浓度为200 mmol/L,发芽率为75%,30 d成活率为57%.     

Plant Species Composition and Forage Production 14 Yr After Biosolids Application and Grazing Exclusion

This paper examines the effects of a single surface application of biosolids (at 20 dry Mg ha^{? 1}) on plant species composition, forage quality and quantity, and C stocks after 14 yr of rest in rangelands of the Central Interior of British Columbia. More than two times the aboveground biomass of grasses and the percent cover of plant litter were found in the biosolids treatment relative to the control, along with reductions in bare soil and microbiotic crust cover. Significantly greater plant uptake of all macronutrients (C, N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg); most micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn); and Al occurred in the biosolids treatment. P and Cu were the only two nutrients to be more concentrated in the biosolids-treated forage relative to the control forage, while N, Mg, and protein were more concentrated in the control forage. No significant difference in forage digestibility was found between biosolids and control treatments. Bluebunch wheatgrass, the late-seral native grass species, had significantly increased cover and aboveground biomass in the biosolids treatment relative to the control; however, between 2006 and 2016, non-native Kentucky bluegrass had reached > 25% cover in the biosolids plots, perhaps restricting the full recovery of bluebunch wheatgrass. Our findings indicate that biosolids application to ungrazed rangeland can increase long-term forage production and reduce bare soil. However, at our study site biosolids application also led to a long-term shift in the plant community composition away from the late-seral (i.e., bluebunch wheatgrass) trajectory, and the effects of this shift on rangeland health and productivity require further investigation.     

锐齿栎林林冠截留与大气降水关系

对锐齿栎林和灌丛林外降水、穿透降水、干流的测定研究表明:间伐林、未作业林、灌丛穿透降水率分别为91％、80％、87％;林冠截留率分别为7％、14％、13％;前两个林分干流率分别为2％、6％。并建立了各参数具有实际水文学意义的林冠截留、林内降水与大气降水的预测模型。     

多元羧酸与木材的交联反应机理——五元环酸酐反应中间体的FTIR波谱特征

该研究采用一类新型的、水溶性的、无毒害、无污染的以多元羧酸类化合物为酯化剂,以无机盐和含氮化合物为催化剂的非甲醛系试剂为交联体系,利用ＦＴＩＲ分析多元羧酸类化合物与木材组分的交联反应过程的波谱特征。依据反应对交联剂立体构型的选择性、反应中间体模型物与木材的交联反应和交联反应中间体的波谱特征实验结果,证实了交联反应中间体的存在,推证这一酯化反应的历程是经历两步反应的机理,首先多元羧酸中相邻羧基的羟基之间脱水形成五元环酸酐中间体,然后木材的羟基与酸酐发生亲核取代反应形成酯。而不是经历了通常的羧酸与醇直接脱水形成酯的四面体中间物的过程。     

邓肯-张非线性模型研究及其在ANSYS中的实现

对工程领域使用广泛的邓肯-张非线性本构模型进行了研究,总结了国内外的研究现状及理论成果,针对其无法判定因结压力降低时的加载情况,提出了相应的变形模量的计算方法,同时考虑中主应力、土体抗拉强度的影响对模型进行了修正。利用APDL编写程序实现了ANSYS的材料本构模型的二次开发,运用重启动方法实现单元应力修正后数据重写入数据库,通过试验模拟对比分析验证了模型的适用性。