鳄鱼养殖场选址的主要因素分析

近年来,国内兴起建鳄鱼养殖场的热潮,而指导新养殖户们如何进行鳄鱼养殖场选址的相关研究尚未见报道。为此,笔者于2007年6月至2008年7月深入鳄鱼养殖场进行调查,探讨鳄鱼场选址时的主要考虑因素：温度、饲料、市场与交通、水质和安全等,并认为在实际操作过程中,其他的一些因素,如土地权属和水电供应等也不可忽略。     

Challenges posed to the traceability of weaner pigs following live auction

Objectives   To gather demographic data on live pig sales through a peri-urban saleyard in Camden, New South Wales, and to demonstrate the difficulties in tracing the subsequent movements of pigs, particularly weaner pigs.
Procedure   Records of pig sales held weekly at the Camden saleyards for the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 financial years were analysed. Saleyard data on a number of variables were entered into a purpose-designed database. Distributions of pig sales according to pig class (weaner/porker/baconer/backfatter), purchaser type (butcher/non-butcher), and transaction type (cash/account) were determined.
Results   More weaners (3192 in 2003/2004 and 3940 in 2004/2005) were sold than any other class of pig, accounting for 45% of the total pigs sold during this period. During 2003/2004, 3802 pigs were bought by 329 non-butcher purchasers including 1631 weaners (43%) purchased by 153 non-butchers (47%). The majority of these non-butchers during the study period (86%) paid cash for their pigs and did not provide the necessary information to allow the end destination of pigs to be determined. Location data was available for all vendors but only 25% of purchasers.
Conclusions   This study highlights the challenges posed in tracing movement of pigs following sale by auction. A high proportion of weaners sold at this peri-urban saleyard would not have been slaughtered immediately. This study highlights the potential difficulties in tracing pig movements after sale, for disease control purposes. We recommend that legislation be amended requiring the identification of weaner pigs sold live at auction in all states of Australia and the recording of the property identification code of all vendors and purchasers of pigs sold live at auction.     

Serum thyroxine concentrations in clinically healthy pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Background: Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are often presented as patients in veterinary practice. Nevertheless, only limited information is available about endocrine diseases or thyroxine reference values for the species. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine serum thyroxine concentrations in a well‐defined population of clinically healthy pet guinea pigs. Methods: Between October 2007 and July 2008, serum samples were collected from 40 clinically healthy guinea pigs of different sexes, ages, and breeds that were presented to our clinic for a general health check or for castration. Pregnant females were excluded from the study. Thyroxine concentration was measured using a chemiluminescence test (Immulite 2000 Canine Total T4). Results: Thyroxine concentrations ranged from 14.2 to 66.9 nmol/L (1.1–5.2 μg/dL) with a median value of 27.0 nmol/L (2.1 μg/dL). Females (n=16) had significantly (P=.039; Mann–Whitney U‐test) lower thyroxine values than castrated males (n=8), whereas no differences were found between females and intact males (n=16) or between intact and castrated males. No significant correlation was found between thyroxine concentration and age. Conclusion: This is the first report of serum thyroxine reference values for a well‐defined population of healthy pet guinea pigs as measured by a chemiluminescence assay. The results were higher than those previously reported for this species and emphasize the importance of using appropriate reference intervals for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.     

家畜泌乳生物学的研究进展

几十年来科研人员通过体内和体外试验的方法对泌乳动物的营养物质转运、调控机理以及激素的调控过程进行了大量的研究。但对动物营养、动物健康和乳成分含量之间的关系仅局限于单一日粮组分的调控,以及对其生化与代谢效果的研究。如今随着基因组学、蛋白组学及相关技术的发展,可以对以上问题进行更全面的研究。这些新技术正在为探究营养、泌乳和乳产品质量之间的相互作用提供新的、分子水平上的研究手段。文章回顾了营养对乳腺功能及其健康的作用,并对近20年家畜泌乳物学的研究热点问题加以介绍。     

宁化国有林场树种结构调整方案探讨

以现有人工纯林地力普遍衰退,林分总体质量下降为背景,从分析宁化国有林场森林资源现状入手,分析总结较优的混交造林模式和选择适宜造林树种,以优化造林模式,增加阔叶树造林面积,利用阔叶树在林地养护、地力保持、维持生态系统平衡等诸多方面的作用,从而达到调整和优化宁化国有林场树种结构的目的。     

河北省农家旅馆准入及星级评定标准研究

河北省农家旅馆近年发展迅猛,在带动当地经济发展的同时,也出现了良莠不齐的经营局面,为河北省旅游业的发展带来了诸多负面影响。农家旅馆的标准化经营已经成了河北省旅游发展中迫在眉睫的任务。本文在查询及借鉴兄弟省份已有农家旅馆评定标准的基础上,提出了河北省农家旅馆经营的准入条件,并初步构建了我省农家旅馆的评价标准,以期为我省农家旅馆的持续健康经营提供有效参考     

农产品质量安全与标准化体系建设的思考

针对提高农产品质量安全与标准化体系建设急需解决的重大问题,探索了农产品质量安全与标准化体系建设应该遵循的原则。     

基于主成分分析的耕地集约利用评价

节约和集约使用耕地,构建评价指标体系,对积极推进城乡统筹发展具有重要意义.通过从耕地集约利用的内涵、方法、评价指标体系的构建及选取原则等方面的研究,采用主成分分析法,对新疆农四师1998～2007年10年间的耕地集约利用程度进行分析.结果表明,2006、2007年两年的集约利用程度较高,1998、2002～2005年5年的集约利用程度相对较弱,1999～2001年3年的集约利用程度最低.     

广西巴马香猪耳皮成纤维细胞的分离与培养

试验主要对广西巴马香猪耳皮成纤维细胞的分离和培养进行了研究.利用组织块法能够成功分离培养广西巴马香猪耳皮成纤维细胞,其大小范围在1～3 mm3,去除表皮有利于组织块贴壁和细胞的游出;而采用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化液4℃冷处理过夜,不仅有利于去表皮操作,减少取材处理时间,而且操作时间自由度大.在酶消化法中采用胰蛋白酶消化30 min,胶原酶继续消化30～40 min,能够成功分离培养广西巴马香猪耳皮成纤维细胞.广西巴马香猪皮肤成纤维细胞要经历滞留期、对数期、平台期,分别为0～2 d、2～8 d、8～12 d.     

基于风险模式提取的农户生猪饲养规制研究

在抽样调查数据基础上,利用模糊聚类分析对生猪散养农户行为进行了划分,给出了3种风险类型。在此基础上利用模糊粗糙集理论提取了农户饲养过程决策依赖属性和决策知识规则,通过对规则研究提取了生猪散养方式的风险结构;根据该风险结构和决策知识规则提出了降低与控制生猪散养方式风险的散养技术标准、养殖规范体系、经济规制体系。