不同干燥方式对丰水梨干燥特性及品质的影响

为优化丰水梨脆片的干燥工艺,研究了不同干燥温度(55、65、75、85、95℃)下热风干燥、中短波红外干燥和真空干燥对丰水梨片干燥特性的影响,并以色泽、硬度和脆度作为指标评价干燥条件对丰水梨片物理品质的影响。结果表明,相同干燥温度下中短波红外干燥的干燥速率最快,干燥时间最短。对建立的5种干燥模型进行拟合对比,Page模型能较好地描述丰水梨片的干燥过程。丰水梨片热风干燥、中短波红外干燥和真空干燥水分有效扩散系数分别为4.55×10-10~9.18×10-10、8.62×10-10~2.21×10-9和4.36×10-10~1.33×10-9m2·s-1,活化能分别为17.62、24.84和27.86 k J·mol-1。此外,65℃条件下中短波红外干燥后的丰水梨片具有更好的色泽、硬度和脆度(L值为62.70,ΔE值为7.10,硬度为973.14 g,脆度为4.67 mm)。本研究结果为丰水梨中不同干燥技术的应用提供了理论依据。     

畜痢灵预防和治疗羔羊腹泻的效果

畜痢灵口服液预防羔羊２２５７只,腹泻１５０只,发病率６．６５％,对照组羔羊６２９只,腹泻１８１只,发病率２８．７８％;预防组死亡１３只,死亡率０．５８％,对照组死亡１４０只,死亡率２２．２６％,预防组成活率比对照组提高２１．６８个百分点。用畜痢灵口服液治疗羔羊１６５只,治愈１５８只,治愈率９５．７６％。     

红外辐照对魔芋葡甘聚糖膜吸水性能的影响

采用红外辐照处理魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)粉末,设置单因素试验考察KGM相对分子质量大小、辐照温度、时间和辐照电压对KGM膜吸水率的影响,并采用扫描电镜表征KGM的结构.结果表明,红外辐照对KGM膜的吸水性能有较大影响,KGM的相对分子质量越大,其耐受红外辐照的能力越强,KGM膜的吸水率随辐照温度的升高而降低,随辐照电压的增强或辐照时间的延长呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,辐照作用导致膜部分溶于水,丧失完整形态.     

Enteral fluid therapy in large animals

Enteral fluids administered alone, or in conjunction with intravenous fluids, are reported to be useful for the treatment of dehydration and electrolyte loss associated with diarrhoea in a number of species, following exercise in horses and for feed impaction of the large intestine of horses. Enteral fluids are suitable for treatment of mild to moderately dehydrated patients with some intact intestinal epithelium and motile small intestine. In patients that will drink voluntarily or tolerate nasal intubation the use of enteral fluids may avoid the complications associated with intravenous fluid administration. However the labour costs associated with repeated nasal intubation in intensively managed patients requiring large volumes of fluids may make the use of enteral fluids less economical than intravenous fluid administration. Enteral fluid use alone is contraindicated in patients that are severely dehydrated and/or in hypovolaemic shock, however, if used in conjunction with intravenous fluids, the effects of villous atrophy and malnutrition may be ameliorated and the duration of hospitalisation shortened. There is a variety of commercially available enteral fluids available to veterinary practitioners. While the key components of these fluids are sodium, chloride and carbohydrates, the amounts of ions and other ingredients such as potassium, alkalising agents, amino acids and shortchain fatty acids may vary. The species of the animal, the underlying condition, and the constituents of the fluid, should influence the choice of an enteral fluid.     

加拿大黄桦幼苗光合特性的研究

本文使用Li-6400光合测定系统研究了加拿大黄桦(Betula alleghaniensis)3 a生幼苗叶片的光合生理特性。结果表明,加拿大黄桦幼苗净光合速率日变化曲线呈双峰型,有明显的“午休”现象;正常天气条件下,加拿大黄桦幼苗叶片光饱和点为813.8μmol.m-2.s-1,补偿点为39.7μmol.m-2.ss-1,说明其具有一定的耐荫性。