芦荟蒽醌类物质对紫外线照射下洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞分裂的影响

以大蒜和洋葱为试材,研究了用波长为308nm的UV-B辐射灯照射,不涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质;先涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,再进行UV-B照射;先进行UV-B照射,然后再涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,通过根尖压片法观察根尖细胞分裂过程等方式下洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞分裂的影响,根尖在自然条件下生长,不经UV-B辐射灯照射为对照(CK).结果表明:经紫外线照射过的洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞中出现了畸形核、染色体桥、落后染色体、游离染色体等异常现象.但先涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,然后进行UV-B照射的一组,根尖细胞中的异常现象明显减少.说明芦荟叶中的蒽醌类等次生代谢物质有屏蔽紫外线辐射、防止紫外线辐射伤害的功能.     

水稻对紫外线B辐射增强的抗性遗传分析

采用加性-显性遗传模型和统计分析方法, 分析了水稻对UV-B辐射增强的抗性遗传特点. 结果表明, 水稻对UV-B辐射增强主要性状抗性指标的遗传受加性和显性效应共同控制, 其中以显性效应为主. 除株高抗性指标不存在狭义遗传率外, 各个抗性指标的狭义遗传率和广义遗传率均达显著水平. 亲本R669和密阳46的9个抗性指标具有明显的正向     

叶幕微区光环境对果树生长发育的影响

通过对国内外有关叶幕微气候及叶幕微区光环境文献质料的研究,对果树叶幕中光能的截获与分配、光谱与光质的变化以及对果树生长发育的影响进行了分析。在文献综述的基础上,提出了改善苹果园光环境的可能途径。     

干细胞与肿瘤研究进展

肿瘤是危害人类健康的恶性疾病,近年来越来越多证据显示肿瘤与干细胞有着密切的关系。肿瘤可能是干细胞在异常微环境中差异分化的结果。它与正常干细胞有相似的表面标志和生化特点。在此,综述了干细胞与肿瘤发生的关系及干细胞工程在肿瘤治疗中的应用前景,旨在为肿瘤发生发育的研究及干细胞在肿瘤治疗方面的应用提供理论依据。     

马铃薯红外干燥特性研究

以马铃薯为原料,研究其红外干燥特性及数学模型。通过试验收集了不同切片厚度和干燥温度下马铃薯水分比(MR)随干燥时间(t)的变化数据,得到了马铃薯的干燥曲线,并计算了干燥过程中的有效水分扩散系数(Deff)和干燥活化能(Ea)。结果表明,干燥温度(T)与切片厚度(L)对马铃薯红外干燥特性有较大影响,干燥温度越高,切片厚度越薄,马铃薯的干燥速率(DR)越快,干燥时间越短;同时,通过拟合计算发现,在10种干燥模型中Modified Henderson and Pabis的预测值与实测值比较吻合,能够更好地反映干燥过程。在试验条件下,Deff在0.238 4×10-10~12.557 3×10-10m~2·s-1之间,且随着干燥温度和切片厚度的增加而增大。1、3、5、7 mm厚的马铃薯片红外干燥活化能分别为34.386 0、31.041 8、28.783 2、30.060 1 k J/mol。     

青海4种抗旱树种水分利用效率对水分和光照的响应

为研究4种青海乡土树种的水分利用效率与水分和光辐射之间的关系,试验采用Li-6400光合测定仪测定净光合速率和蒸腾速率,并计算水分利用效率。结果显示,青海4个抗旱树种获得最大水分利用效率时的土壤湿度在16%~18%之间,光合有效辐射在1300~1600μmol/(m2·s)之间;比较红砂、洛基山刺柏、沙地柏和沙枣在同等土壤湿度情况下的水分利用效率,表明沙枣较其他3个高原树种更容易获得较大水分利用效率,即使在干旱土壤环境,沙枣对水分的利用情况也优于其他3个树种。表明,虽然青海4个抗旱树种均具有耐贫瘠、适应干旱环境的能力,但沙枣在高原极干旱地区适应环境能力更强,可通过速生树种与抗旱树种相结合的造林方式,缓解荒漠地区树种匮乏的压力,实现沙化土地的复绿工作。     

食品辐照保藏的发展及应用

对辐照食品的安全性和辐照技术在食品保藏上的应用进行了综述,并对辐照食品技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

锡林浩特地区太阳紫外辐射分析

为进一步揭示紫外辐射的变化规律,更好地为生产和人们的生活服务,基于锡林浩特国家气候观象台2007—2012年太阳紫外辐射观测资料,运用数理统计学方法与SPSS 11.5软件,分析了锡林浩特地区不同云况条件下太阳紫外辐射规律及与气象要素的相互关系。结果表明:太阳紫外辐射存在明显的日、季、年变化规律。一日内早晚小,中午大。一年内最高值出现在6—8月,最低值出现在11—12月。且与太阳总辐射、光合有效辐射、空气温度、空气湿度、地温0~5 cm存在较显著的相关性。目前锡林浩特地区紫外辐射强度(UV-B)1—3、10—12月最大值范围分别为0.20~1.91、0.13~1.43 W/m~2,低于人和动物的安全标准2 W/m~2,4—9月可出现最大值范围为2.02~3.39 W/m~2,容易对人和动物造成威胁和伤害。     

Contribution of incident solar radiation on leaves and pods to soybean seed weight and composition

The weight and composition of soybean seeds (Glycine Max L. Merrill) depend on changes in carbon and nitrogen assimilate supply during grain filling. Soybean pods and seeds are green, evidencing their capacity to capture light. However, the current physiological knowledge does not consider any effect of incident solar radiation reaching the pods on seed weight and composition. The objective of this work was to investigate the response of seed weight and composition to changes in assimilate supply from leaves, to the incident solar radiation reaching the pods and to the combination of both, changes in assimilate supply from the leaves and incident solar radiation on pods of soybean plants. Field experiments were performed during two growing seasons at Balcarce, Argentina. Treatments modified the amount of assimilates supplied by the leaves (plant shading, defoliation), the solar radiation reaching the pods (pod shading) or both (defoliation and pod shading) during seed filling. Plant shading and defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content and increased the concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acids while reduced oleic acid percentage. Pod shading increased the concentration of stearic acid and reduced the concentration of linolenic acid. When pods were shaded on defoliated plants, seed weight and oil and protein content decreased while fatty acid composition was similar to values obtained under defoliation treatment. Based on these results, a conceptual model that considers photoheterotrophic nature of reproductive structures of soybean is proposed. Seed weight, oil and protein content and oil fatty acid composition depended on assimilate availability for the seeds. The response of oil and protein content to assimilate supply depended on whether leaves were present or not. The effect of solar radiation incident on pods depended on the amount of assimilates available for the seeds: (i) when carbon allocated was low (defoliation treatments), pods contributed to seed carbon economy but solar radiation incident on them did not affect fatty acid composition; (ii) when carbon allocated to the seeds was high (intact plants), contribution of pods to seed carbon economy was not significant, but the amount of solar radiation incident on pods produced significant changes in fatty acid composition.     

超声波萃取法提取恰玛古中类黄酮的工艺研究

以恰玛古为原料,应用超声波乙醇萃取技术提取生物类黄酮,采用响应面法,进行了类黄酮制备技术的优化,确定了超声波法活化技术提取恰玛古类黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度52％,液料比41：1,超声波功率438W,超声时间55min,此条件下类黄酮的提取含量为0．5096g/100g.