干旱胁迫条件下不同饲用燕麦品种种子萌发指标比较与评价

本研究采用PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,比较研究了26份饲草型燕麦(Avena sativa L.)种子的萌发特征,利用主成分分析法和隶属函数法进行了综合评价,为抗旱燕麦品种选育提供实验参考。结果表明,与CK相比,15% PEG浓度下,所有材料的发芽率、发芽势、芽长、根长、种子活力指数等指标均显著下降,不同品种之间差异显著。经主成分分析法筛选,发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数为燕麦种质耐旱性评价的主效指标。通过综合评价,'荟峰’、'三星’、'喜韵’为强抗旱品种;'梦龙’、'大富翁’为中等抗旱品种;'甜燕2号’、'挑战者’、'白燕7号’、'甜燕麦青海’、'甜燕70’、'牧乐思’、'进口甜燕’、'禾王’、'当地燕麦’、'莫尼卡’、'巴燕3号’、'燕麦克劳沃’、'甜燕麦’、'摄政王’、'青海444’为弱抗旱品种;'青牧’、'福燕1号’、'喜越’、'青甜1号’、'甜燕1号’、'shooter’为不抗旱品种。     

Genetic diversity,anti‐microbial resistance,plasmid profile and frequency of the Vi antigen in Salmonella Dublin strains isolated in Brazil

Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the anti‐microbial resistance against 15 drugs. For this reason, 113 S. Dublin strains isolated between 1983 and 2016 from humans (83) and animals (30) in Brazil were typed by PFGE and MLVA. The presence of the capsular antigen Vi was verified by PCR, and the phenotypic expression of the capsular antigen was determined serologically. Also, a plasmid analysis for each strain was carried out. The strains studied were divided into 35 different PFGE types and 89 MLVA‐types with a similarity of ≥80% and ≥17.5%, respectively. The plasmid sizes found ranged from 2 to >150 kb and none of the strains studied presented the capsular antigen Vi. Resistance or intermediate resistance was found in 23 strains (20.3%) that were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, nalidixic acid, piperacillin, streptomycin and/or tetracycline. The majority of the S. Dublin strains studied and isolated over a 33‐year period may descend from a common subtype that has been contaminating humans and animals in Brazil and able to cause invasive disease even in the absence of the capsular antigen. The higher diversity of resistance phenotypes in human isolates, as compared with animal strains, may be a reflection of the different anti‐microbial treatments used to control S. Dublin infections in humans in Brazil.     

细菌耐药颉颃剂的研究现状及应用

作者介绍了具有颉颃细菌耐药性作用的物质的研究应用进展情况，包括灭活酶抑制剂、药物渗透促进剂、外输泵抑制剂、细菌生物被膜抑制剂、抗菌药物增强剂、耐药质粒消除剂等。     

牧草抗旱性综合评价指标体系的AHP模型设计与应用的研究

在查阅大量牧草抗旱性鉴定指标研究资料的基础上,应用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ模型,ＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃＨｉｅｒ－ａｒｃｈｙＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ）理论,根据专家咨询系统的反馈信息,对所选择的６类抗旱性鉴定指标及其２１个指标变量,进行比较判断矩阵的构建和计算,定量确定了各指标变量在牧草抗旱性综合评价体系中的权重及重要程度次序。     

3种优势牧草在不同生育期对干旱胁迫的响应

选择松嫩草地上的3种优势牧草羊草(Leymus chinensis)、碱蒿(Artemisia anethifolia)和全叶马兰(Kalimeris integrifolia) ,通过野外干旱胁迫试验、定点实时观测和隶属函数法,研究3种优势牧草在不同生育期内对不同等级干旱胁迫的响应,探究不同等级干旱胁迫对牧草在不同生育期内形态特性的影响及其抗旱能力。结果表明：在牧草同一生育期内,随干旱胁迫程度加剧,株高、叶长、叶绿素含量和产量受到的影响越大,在特旱程度下,3种牧草生长受干旱胁迫影响最严重;同一干旱胁迫处理下,随着生育期推移,株高、叶长、叶绿素含量和产量受干旱胁迫的影响总体呈减少趋势。3种牧草在其生育期内的抗旱性呈现出一定的规律性,羊草在开花期抗旱能力最强,其次是在返青期;全叶马兰在开花期抗旱能力最强,其次是在返青期,在抽穗期最差;碱蒿在开花期抗旱能力最强,其次是在抽穗期,在返青期最差。本研究结果对松嫩草地3种优势草种在不同生育期内遭受不同程度干旱胁迫时采取不同应急方案具有指导作用,也为培育优良耐旱草种及草地生态系统可持续发展提供了一定的参考。     

Effect of Enterococcus faecium AL41 and Thymus vulgaris essential oil on small intestine integrity and antioxidative status of laying hens

We investigated the effect of Enterococcus faecium on phagocytic activity, antioxidative status in vivo and the effect of E. faecium and 0.4% concentration of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (EO) on the duodenal tissue integrity in vitro in laying hens. The birds were fed the same standard diets and were divided into four groups. E. faecium was added to the drinking water for the second and fourth groups. EO was added to special chambers for measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) for the third and fourth groups only. TEER was lower in groups where EO was added, but in the group with E. faecium TEER was not changed significantly. Our results show that EO at 0.4% concentration may negatively affect intestine integrity, and the probiotic strain E. faecium AL41 is able to eliminate this effect and can strengthen non-specific immunity. To confirm our findings further histopathological investigations of intestinal tissue are needed.     

解决聚丙烯芯钢丝绳生产过程中钢丝“塌陷”（或间隙不均）及绳径超差问题

本文从生产制造角度来分析解决聚丙烯芯钢丝绳生产过程中易出现的钢丝塌陷、钢丝间隙不均及绳径超差等问题。与天然纤维芯相比,聚丙烯芯是一种合成纤维芯,除具有质轻、弹性好、不怕霉蛀等特性外,同时还具有较好的抗挤压性,因此,生产过程中,对聚丙烯芯直径公差的控制比对天然纤维芯直径公差的控制更为严格,如聚丙烯芯直径选择不当,易会出现股中钢丝塌陷(或钢丝间隙不均)、绳径超差等问题。笔者结合生产实际情况,从控制聚丙烯绳芯(股芯)直径公差入手,找出聚丙烯芯直径的计算值与其实测值之间合适的比例范围,对正确选择聚丙烯绳芯(股芯)直径大小,满足钢丝绳生产工艺要求,优化工艺参数,提高钢丝绳结构的稳定性和机台生产作业率有着重要的作用。     

禾草对禾顶囊壳玉米变种的抗病性研究

利用人工接菌方法测定了10种草坪禾草,包括多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、紫羊茅、中华结缕草、硬羊茅、草地早熟禾、加拿大早熟禾、匍匐剪股颖、细弱剪股颖、狗牙根;13种禾本科牧草,包括一年生黑麦草、鸭茅、碱茅、扁穗冰草、沙生冰草、披碱草、老芒麦、杂交小米草、猫尾草、弯叶画眉草、无芒雀麦、百喜草、苏丹草;以及4种禾本科作物,包括燕麦、甜高粱、小麦、玉米对禾顶囊壳玉米变种的抗病性。结果表明,多数供试禾草对其具有免疫能力,多年生黑麦草、一年生黑麦草、草地早熟禾、小麦高度抗侵染;无芒雀麦和玉米具有中等程度的抗侵染能力,但抗侵入能力较差;高粱属的苏丹草和甜高粱中度感病,属于中感作物。多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾品种间存在着抗病性差异,有免疫品种和高抗品种。     

兽用喹诺酮类药物发展动态

综述了兽用喹诺酮类药物—包括国内外已上市的、尚在开发中的以及人用药可转化为兽用药三个部分的品种,并对在我国尚未上市的兽用喹诺酮类药物的药理作用及用途作了简介。