Avermectins,a novel class of compounds: implications for use in arthropod pest control

对阿维菌素B_2a进行结构优化,在阿维菌素B_2a的C4\     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry基因在大肠杆菌中表达产物和生物活性

研究了几种Bt cry基因于大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中表达产物在pH 10.0的50mmol/L碳酸钠和20mmol/L乙醇胺溶解液中的溶解性 ,发现同样的Cry蛋白在碳酸钠中的溶解度大于乙醇胺。通过胰蛋白酶消化 ,明确Cry1Ca7、Cry1Ia8酶解产物为 38kD多肽 ;Cry1Ie1、Cry1Cb2、Cry2Ab4酶解产物为 41kD多肽 ;Cry1Ac酶解产物为60kD多肽。采用FPLC层析方法对 6种原毒素及其酶解后得到的毒素多肽进行了分离纯化 ,比较了原毒素和毒素的杀虫活性的差异。其结果表明 ,Cry1Ac的原毒素和毒素对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的校正死亡率均为 100% ,Cry2Ab4的原毒素的毒力高于其酶解毒素。     

芸香科三种植物精油对家蝇的熏杀活性及其混配增效作用

用水蒸汽蒸馏法从岭南花椒Zanthoxylum austrosinense果实、椿叶花椒Zanthoxylum ailanthoides果实和四数九里香Murraya hunanensis叶中提取植物精油,采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法测试3种精油对家蝇的熏杀、击倒作用及其混配增效作用。3种植物精油对家蝇的6 h熏杀LC₅₀值分别为岭南花椒果实精油 7.55 μg/cm³、椿叶花椒果实精油11.08 μg/cm³、四数九里香叶精油11.41 μg/cm³;在熏蒸浓度均为10 μL/345 mL时精油对家蝇的熏蒸击倒效果KT₅₀分别为岭南花椒果实精油16.80 min、椿叶花椒果实精油24.69 min、四数九里香叶精油23.33 min。将岭南花椒果实精油与椿叶花椒果实精油以体积比7：3和9：1混配,其共毒系数分别为130.00和136.08;将岭南花椒果实精油与四数九里香叶精油以体积比9：1混配,其共毒系数为123.71。研究结果表明,3种植物精油对家蝇均有熏杀、击倒作用,其中岭南花椒果实精油与椿叶花椒果实精油或四数九里香叶精油以适当比例混配后具有增效作用,可利用其开发高效环保的植物源灭蝇剂。     

转MsLEA4-4基因拟南芥株系的耐盐性分析

为了深入研究紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）MsLEA4-4基因的抗逆性,本试验对前期获得的转MsLEA4-4基因的拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）株系进行不同浓度盐胁迫处理,以验证MsLEA4-4基因在拟南芥植株体内的耐盐性。试验结果表明：盐胁迫后转基因株系的发芽率达到55%,比对照植株（Control plant,CK）高81%;转基因株系的鲜重、叶绿素含量均高于CK（P<0.05）;盐胁迫后转基因株系的存活率比CK提高75.0%~81.3%;盐胁迫明显抑制根系生长,但转基因植株的侧根数量比CK多4~5根（P<0.05）;盐胁迫后转基因株系体内的可溶性糖含量（P<0.05）和超氧化物歧化酶（P<0.01）,过氧化氢酶（P<0.01）,过氧化物酶（P<0.05）活性均高于CK,脯氨酸（P<0.01）和丙二醛（P<0.05）含量均低于CK。综上可得,MsLEA4-4基因参与了拟南芥体内的耐盐性调控,提高了转基因拟南芥对盐胁迫的耐受性。本研究为进一步探索MsLEA4-4在转基因紫花苜蓿盐胁迫中的功能及培育耐盐性紫花苜蓿品种提供依据。     

小菜蛾Btk抗性品系对四种Bt杀虫晶体蛋白抗性发展的研究

使用苏云金芽胞杆菌库斯塔克亚种（Btk）可湿性粉剂对小菜蛾进行继代汰选获得F80代和F100代抗性品系。通过分别测定Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ca四种杀虫晶体蛋白对小菜蛾Btk抗性品系F80代和F100代的室内毒力,明确了小菜蛾Btk抗性品系对四种Bt杀虫晶体蛋白抗性发展规律。研究结果表明,汰选至F80代时,Cry1Ca对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50约12.1mg/L,其次为Cry1Ac,LC50约47.7mg/L;而汰选至F100代时,仍以Cry1Ca对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50约21.4 mg/L,其次为Cry1Ab,LC50约72.2 mg/L。与相对敏感品系相比,小菜蛾抗性品系对Cry1Ac的抗性发展较快（抗性倍数高达67.3～106.8倍）,对Cry1Ab的次之（抗性倍数高达60.0～66.1倍）,而对Cry1Ca和Cry1Ah的抗性发展较慢（抗性倍数分别为3.4～6.0倍和1.6～2.5倍）。以上结果说明,在主效杀虫基因为Cry1Ac的Btk药剂选择压力下,小菜蛾对四种Bt杀虫晶体蛋白的抗性发展速度差异较大,且Cry1Ac和Cry1Ab存在交互抗性风险...     

Effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory responses,milk production and milk quality in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on inflammatory responses and milk production and quality in lactating dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in a cross‐over experimental design. Cows were infused intravenously either with saline solution or with saline solution containing LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 at a dose of 0.01 μg LPS/kg body weight for approximately 6 hr each day during a seven‐day trial. The clinical symptoms and milk production performance were observed. Milk samples were analysed for conventional components, fatty acids and amino acids. And jugular vein and mammary vein plasma samples were analysed for concentrations of cytokines and acute phase proteins. LPS infusion decreased feed intake and milk yield. An increase in body temperature was observed after LPS infusion. LPS infusion also increased plasma concentrations of interleukin‐1β, serum amyloid A, LPS‐binding protein, C‐reactive protein and haptoglobin. LPS infusion decreased the contents of some fatty acids, such as C17:1, C18:0, C18:1n9 (trans) and C18:2n6 (trans), and most amino acids except for methionine, threonine, histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and proline in the milk. The results indicated that a continued low dose infusion of LPS can induce an inflammatory response, decrease milk production and reduce milk quality.     

利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白

正小麦蓝矮病(Wheat blue dwarf,WBD)是我国西北麦区一种重要植原体病害,在我国西部地区危害严重。该病害由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus L.)专化性传播,介体传毒成为病害流行的重要中心环节[1]。本实验室前期通过免疫荧光标记研究发现WBD植原体免疫膜蛋白(immunodominant membrane protein, IMP)与介体异沙叶蝉肌动蛋白互作,说明IMP在植原体传播和致病过程中起关键作用。     

一株高致病力赭绿青霉的生物学特性及杀虫活性

为明确一株高致病力赭绿青霉Penicillium ochrochloron Q-1的生防潜力,室内测试了不同营养、环境因素及常见杀菌剂、杀虫剂对菌株Q-1的影响,并采用室内毒力测定方法研究菌株Q-1对不同昆虫的毒力。结果表明：菌株Q-1对营养要求较低,最适生长和产孢培养基分别为淀粉琼脂培养基（SYA）和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（PDA）,最适生长碳源为麦芽糖,最适产孢碳源为葡萄糖,最适生长和产孢氮源均为蛋白胨,最适生长及产孢温度为28℃,最适pH为6.0,同时菌株Q-1的孢子对紫外线具有一定的耐受力;化学农药中四螨嗪等杀虫剂对菌株Q-1生长影响较小,多菌灵、咪鲜胺等杀菌剂明显抑制菌株Q-1生长;在1×10⁷孢子/mL浓度下,菌株Q-1对棉铃虫幼虫、家蚕幼虫及柑橘全爪螨雌成螨的LT₅₀分别为4.08、21.37和28.43 h。综上,菌株Q-1生长快、产孢量高,对棉铃虫幼虫、家蚕幼虫及柑橘全爪螨雌成螨致病力高,本研究为赭绿青霉进一步开发利用提供理论依据。