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26种昆虫体内的1-脱氧野尻霉素含量测定 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
为发掘新的富含1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)的昆虫资源,共测定了26种昆虫体内的DNJ含量。除家蚕(Bombyxmori)之外,野桑蚕(Bombyx mandarina)、桑蟥(Rondotia menciana)、桑尺蠖(Phthonandria atrineata)、桑螟(Diaphaniapyloalis)等4种仅取食桑叶的单食性或寡食性昆虫也富含DNJ,其中桑蟥和桑尺蠖幼虫中的DNJ质量分数分别为1.0648%±0.1134%、0.5138%±0.0083%,高于家蚕幼虫中的DNJ含量(0.4238%±0.0108%),并且桑尺蠖春季越冬代幼虫及其室内桑叶饲育的第1代幼虫和蛹、成虫均含有DNJ,具有开发利用价值。从桑园采集的兼性食桑昆虫中,人纹污灯蛾(Spilarectia subcarnea)、美国白蛾(Hlyphantria cunea)、大造桥虫(Ascotissele naria)、黄斑星天牛(Anoplophora nobilis)等4种昆虫的幼虫中含有微量DNJ,而褶翅尺蠖(Zamacra excauvata)、枣尺蠖(Sucra jujuba)、桑毛虫(Euproctis similis xanthocampa)幼虫和桑天牛(Apriona ger-mari)成虫中不含DNJ。豆天蛾幼虫(Clanis bilineata)等13种非食桑昆虫体内均不含DNJ。研究结果也提示取食桑叶的昆虫对DNJ的富集能力存在很大差异。 相似文献
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There is a growing recognition that urban trees provide various valuable benefits and services such as enhanced human wellbeing. However, they also have a cost in terms of public health either directly (allergies) or by harboring species representing health risk for humans. This paper focuses on such a forest insect species, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Its caterpillars develop gregariously during winter in a conspicuous silk nest in coniferous hosts. When disturbed, the larvae release urticating hairs that cause human or animal serious health problems. The purpose of our survey was to (1) inventory all individual trees belonging to potential host species and estimate the density of T. pityocampa (2) assess the spatial pattern of the insect population at the city scale. We conducted an exhaustive inventory of potential coniferous host trees in five municipalities (ca. 5000 ha) in the north of Orléans, France. Each tree was identified, geo-referenced and the number of moth nests it hosted was counted. A total of 9321 urban trees representing 11 coniferous taxonomic units were investigated. The distribution of T. pityocampa exhibited a marked spatial structure citywide. Geostatistics allowed to draw risk maps revealing strong patchiness. We provide the first estimate of T. pityocampa host tree preference in an urban context and found that Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris were the most attacked trees. We also report numerous cases of T. pityocampa occurrence on the exotic ornamental Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara. The management implications of our findings are two-fold: (1) risk maps constitute a useful framework for communication and public information, and can help developing control strategies; (2) some species frequently used for ornamental purposes are poor quality hosts regarding T. pityocampa and should therefore be preferred in public place usually frequented by vulnerable people (schools, nurseries, hospitals). 相似文献
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为了分析南疆喀什市温室蔬菜病虫害种类及发生情况,2017年在喀什市进行了温室蔬菜病虫害调查,共调查了21种蔬菜,其中在16种蔬菜上共发现了12种病害,在15种蔬菜上共发现了4种虫害。综合来看,为害南疆喀什市温室蔬菜的主要病害种类为煤污病、腐烂病、白粉病以及病毒病,主要虫害种类为斑潜蝇、白粉虱和菜蛾。结合当地生产实际情况,分析了温室蔬菜病虫害的发生特点和发生原因,初步构建了喀什市温室蔬菜病虫害综合防治技术体系。 相似文献
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Liu TX 《Pest management science》2003,59(8):904-912
Effects of a juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, on various developmental stadia of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were determined on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 0.064 or 0.128 g AI liter(-1) on leaves (residual contact-ingestion), thrips (direct contact) and leaf-thrips (residue contact-ingestion-direct contact). Pyriproxyfen did not have any significant lethal effects on thrips pupae in any treatment. Lethal effects on thrips larvae varied depending on application method and dosage. In the leaf and the leaf-thrips treatments, few larvae and pre-pupae molted to the next stage, and none developed to adults. In contrast, in the thrips-only treatment, pyriproxyfen did not show any significant lethal effects. The developmental times of larvae and pre-pupae were prolonged when larvae were treated with pyriproxyfen, and those of pre-pupae and pupae were shortened when pre-pupae and pupae were treated. The longevity and survival rates of thrips adults were generally shorter when they contacted and ingested pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than those in water control. Significantly fewer progeny (0.22-1.15 larvae per female) were produced by females that had fed on and been in contact with the pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than by those in the water control (11.94 larvae per female). However, the number of progeny produced by the thrips females increased significantly (3.32-7.28 larvae per female) when the females were transferred to untreated leaves after feeding on treated leaves for 5 days; the daily larval hatching pattern was similar to those in water control, indicating that female adults were able to produce viable eggs when untreated food was offered. 相似文献
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简单介绍昆虫授粉的作用和价值,详细阐述近几年授粉研究包括外部形态、内部生理、植物激素及其挥发性化合物、昆虫行为等几个领域取得的成绩,讨论了授粉系统中的竞争关系、协同关系和互惠关系,分析了国内外授粉研究和应用的现状及存在的问题,并对我国的授粉研究与应用提出了自己的看法. 相似文献