二氢杨梅素注射剂的处方筛选及抑菌活性研究

通过试验筛选确定二氢杨梅素注射剂的处方并对其抑菌效果进行研究。结果表明,二氢杨梅素注射剂的最适处方为4μL/mL的吐温-80为助溶剂、最适pH为3.5±0.2、抗坏血酸作为抗氧化剂;同时,体外抑菌试验结果表明二氢杨梅素对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金葡菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均有良好的抑菌效果。本实验处方稳定可控,所得成品外观色泽、含量及有关物质无明显变化,为二氢杨梅素注射剂在畜牧业中的应用提供理论参考。     

Bamboo hedgerow systems in Kerala, India: Root distribution and competition with trees for phosphorus

In a field study on bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.) hedgerow systems of Kerala, we tested the following three hypotheses: (1) Effective root foraging space is a function of crown spread, (2) Proximity of trees depress lateral spread of roots in mixed species systems and (3) The closer the trees are located the greater will be the subsoil root activity which in turn facilitates active absorption of nutrients from deeper layers of the soil profile. Root distribution of boundary planted bamboo and root competition with associated trees in two binary mixtures, teak (Tectona grandis)-bamboo and Malabar white pine (Vateria indica)-bamboo, were evaluated using modified logarithmic spiral trenching and ³²P soil injection techniques respectively. Excavation studies indicate that rooting intensity declined linearly with increasing lateral distance. Larger clumps manifested wider foraging zones. Eighty three per cent of the large clumps (>4.0 m dia.) extended roots beyond 8 m while only 33% of the small (<2.5 m dia.) clumps extended roots up to 8 m. Highest root counts were found in the 10–20 cm layer with nearly 30% of total roots. Although nearness of bamboo clumps depressed root activity of teak and Vateria in the surface layers of the soil profile, root activity in the deeper layers was stimulated. ³²P recovery was higher when applied at 50-cm depth than at 25-cm depth implying the safety net role of tree roots for leached down nutrients. Inter specific root competition can be regulated by planting crops 8–9 m away from the bamboo clumps and/or by canopy reduction treatments. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

树干注射法防治樗蚕试验研究

为有效防 治樗蚕, 采用 树干 注射 ２５ ％ 灭 幼 脲Ⅲ 号悬 浮 剂, １０ ％ 灭 百可 乳 油, ５０ ％ 甲胺磷乳油 , ２５ ％ 敌 杀死乳 剂等药剂 的 方法, 对樗 蚕１ ～３ 龄 幼 虫进 行 了防 治 试 验。与 对 照相 比,４ 个处理 均达到 极显著水 平, ４ 个 处理之间 也存在 极显著差 异。并 且幼 虫死 亡率 随着 时间 的延长而呈 对数曲线 的趋势 上升。     

仿生注液沃土装置工作参数的优化与试验

为探索仿生注液沃土装置在土壤内部作业时工作参数对工作阻力和土壤粘附量的影响规律,优化作业参数,以保障并提高注液沃土装置作业质量,同时降低工作阻力和土壤粘附。该研究采用Box-Behnken试验优化设计方法,通过搭建农机土槽台车试验系统以模拟田间作业环境,开展注液沃土装置样机工作参数优化试验,将入土深度、注液量、土槽台车速度3个工作参数设为自变量,将工作阻力和土壤粘附量设为响应值,建立多元二次多项式回归方程,根据自变量与响应值之间的关系,优化仿生注液沃土装置的工作参数。结果表明:以土壤粘附量和工作阻力为响应值建立的回归方程模型拟合度良好;入土深度、液肥流量和工作速度对降低工作阻力和减小土壤粘附量的影响均显著,且入土深度和速度存在交互效应;试验因素对注液沃土装置降低工作阻力和减小土壤粘附量的影响程度为:入土深度>速度>流量,得到最优的工作参数为:入土深度11 cm、速度1.0 m/s、流量350 g/s。在最优工作参数条件下,注液沃土装置的工作阻力为260.01 N,土壤粘附量为8.73 g。该研究工作为注液沃土技术的应用和推广提供了参考依据。     

Epidural anesthesia in dogs undergoing hindlimb orthopedic surgery: effects of two injection sites

This prospective clinical trial evaluated the effects of epidural anesthesia (EA) placed at the lumbosacral compared to the L5–L6 junction in dogs undergoing hindlimb orthopedic surgery. In all, 98 dogs were randomly assigned to receive injection at either L7–S1 (LS group) or L5–L6 (LL group) at the same local anesthetic regimen (1 mg/kg bupivacaine 0.5% and 0.1 mg/kg morphine 1%). Fentanyl (1 µg/kg) was the intraoperative rescue analgesia (iRA) administered if mean arterial pressure increased by 30% above pre-stimulation value. Procedural failure, iRA, hypotension, motor block resolution, and postoperative side effects were recorded. There were 7/47 (15%) epidural procedural failures in the LS group and 8/51 (16%) (P=1.00) in the LL group; iRA was administered in 21/40 (52%) LS group dogs and in 13/43 (30%) LL group dogs, respectively (P=0.047). The incidence of hypotension was 10/40 (25%) and 16/43 (37%) in the LS group and the LL group, respectively (P=0.25). Proprioceptive residual deficit at 8 hr after EA was recorded in 3/26 (12%) in group LS dogs and in 13/26 (50%) group LL dogs, respectively (P=0.01). The proprioceptive residual deficit at 24 hr in one dog (LL group) resolved within 36 hr. No episodes of postoperative urinary retention, pruritus or neurological damage were recorded. The L5–L6 EA decreased significantly iRA but delays the proprioceptive recovery time. Further studies are needed to determine whether a lower bupivacaine dose reduces the duration of the residual block retaining the same incidence of iRA.     

子房注射法将Bt基因导入超甜玉米

用子房注射法将Bt基因导入超甜玉米品种粤甜3号,获得了1株整合有Bt基因的转基因植株,定名为ZT11,以发芽成苗的植株计算,基因转化效率达9.09%。经PCR和Southernblot分析,证明抗虫基因已经整合在超甜玉米基因组中,并且为单拷贝。T1代植株PCR检测结果表明,Bt基因能够在转基因后代中稳定遗传,基因分离符合1∶1的孟德尔遗传分离规律。     

云纹石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交后代染色体核型分析

本研究对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)杂交后代利用植物血球凝集素(PHA)及秋水仙素通过活体注射法制作染色体标本。选用头肾和鳃组织制作细胞悬浊液,并对冷滴片和热滴片法进行比较,结合空气干燥法制作染色体分裂相玻片,经吉姆萨染色后,在显微镜下观察筛选清晰完整的分裂相。杂交子代(俗称云龙斑)选取75个分裂相,统计染色体数目并进行核型分析。结果显示,云龙斑二倍体染色体数为48,其中,19对染色体为端部着丝粒染色体,2对为亚中部着丝粒染色体,3对为亚端部着丝粒染色体,其染色体臂数(NF)为58,核型公式为2n=48,4sm+6st+38t。杂交后代云龙斑与父母本染色体数目相同,都为2n=48,但云龙斑染色体与其父母本组型不同,在遗传过程中发生了复杂的染色体重新配对和变异。本研究为杂交后代"云龙斑"的种质鉴定、亲缘关系分析、杂交育种等提供了重要的科学根据。     

Induced Ovulation in Obscure Puffer Takifugu obscurus by Injections of LHRH-a

Obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus (Abedate) is one of the several species of Takifugu genus that migrate to the Yangtze River, China during the spawning season of February to May. It is a popular fish among locals and fetches a premium price owing to its high-quality meat. It is also a potential species for intensive culture as its natural populations are currently declining. There have been no published studies on the effects of GnRH-a injection on the obscure puffer. In this paper, we report the results of several obscure puffer ovulation trials conducted in 1995 and 1996. We demonstrated that ovulation could successfully be induced in obscure puffer collected from open systems during spawning period using a dosage of LHRH-a as low as 40 µg kg^–1 in two injections. We found no significant differences among 80, 60, 40 µg LHRH-a kg^–1 treatments in ovulation success, egg production, fertilization rate and hatch rate. Accordingly, we recommend the use of 40 µg LHRH-a kg^–1 as the optimal dosage from an economical point of view.     

恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加磺胺嘧啶HPLC-PDA检查法的建立

对恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加磺胺嘧啶的检测方法进行了研究.通过比较受试样品中未知峰与对照品色谱图保留时间的一致性和光谱指数图的匹配,建立了HPLC-PDA测定法,并进行相应的方法学研究.结果显示,磺胺嘧啶回收率为99.5％,RSD=0.4％;线性方程为y=873577x＋98154,R2 =1;检测限为5μg/mL,表明该检测方法准确可靠,可用于恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加磺胺嘧啶的检测.     

高效液相色谱法测定穿心莲注射液的含量

建立了穿心莲注射液中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量测定的高效液相色谱方法。采用watersXBridgeC18色谱柱（150mm×4．6mm,5μm）,甲醇：水（65：35）为流动相,流速为1．0mL／min．穿心莲内酯波长为225nm,脱水穿心莲内酯波长为254nm,柱温30℃。穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯均在0．01～0．2mg／mL浓度范围内线性关系良好。系统精密度分别为0．35％和0．30％．平均回收率分别为96．57％和97．98％。结果表明,该方法简单可行、重复性好,可用于穿心莲注射液中有效成分的含量测定。