平阳霉素诱变‘兰考矮早8’引起性状变异的研究及SSR分析

为通过基因突变途径创造新的小麦种质资源,在小麦苗的起身拔节期将0~50 μg/mL不同浓度的盐酸平阳霉素溶液通过叶鞘注射到小麦品种‘兰考矮早8’的生长点部位,其后代在株高、蜡质层、芒型、穗型、叶绿素、生育期等几个方面发生大量变异。通过对变异后代的系统选择得到了多个稳定的变异种质系;通过对‘兰考矮早8’及两个种质系pyms-6、pyms-2基因组DNA的SSR分子标记检测,引物xgwm148、xgwm645、xgwm6、xgwm107、xgwm213、xgwm219、xgwm260、xgwm400、xgwm295检测出了较丰富的多态性DNA片段。从分子水平上证明了在小麦苗起身拔节期向小麦生长点注射盐酸平阳霉素的诱变方法切实可行。     

花蕾注射防治香蕉黄胸蓟马的药剂筛选及田间防效

香蕉黄胸蓟马是为害香蕉最主要的害虫之一,目前急缺高效的防治方法。近年来应用的花蕾注射法为控制香蕉黄胸蓟马提供了一种全新的精准施药方式,但适用该方法的药剂筛选鲜有报道。为了获得适用于此方法的高效低毒的杀虫剂,本文采用花蕾注射法在田间筛选了22种化学农药对香蕉黄胸蓟马的防效,结果表明,在推荐剂量下,吡虫啉、螺虫乙酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、溴氰虫酰胺、阿维菌素、虫螨腈等6种杀虫剂对香蕉黄胸蓟马的防治效果最高,处理后28 d的防治效果分别为99.80%、99.67%、99.48%、99.61%、99.33%和98.96%;同时,研究还发现吡虫啉与溴氰虫酰胺具有一定的协同增效作用,当其制剂用量分别在0.5 mL/L+0.5 mL/L和0.5 mL/L+0.25 mL/L时增效作用明显,防治效果分别为98.75%和95.81%,优于单剂的防治效果。本研究结果表明,吡虫啉、螺虫乙酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、溴氰虫酰胺、阿维菌素、虫螨腈用于花蕾注射防治香蕉黄胸蓟马高效、可行,另外,吡虫啉与溴氰虫酰胺复配使用可以更有效地减少蓟马防治中的农药用量。     

高压树干注射关键技术研究

树干注射是一种通过向树干注射药剂防治病虫害、矫治缺素症和调节树木生长的技术。树干注射技术涉及注射和传导机理、药剂和制剂、残留和伤害等诸多问题。在对国内外3种类型树木注射施药技术特点分析的基础上,对注射压力、内吸剂药液的筛选、注射针头、药剂传导、密封以及伤口等高压树干注射关键技术进行了研究,探讨树干注射理论、药剂研发和机具研究的发展方向。     

燃油喷射压力和EGR率对柴油机性能的影响

以某高压共轨柴油机为样机,研究了EGR率、喷油压力对NOx、Soot排放特性及燃油消耗率的影响规律。研究结果表明：EGR的引入可以有效降低NOx的排放,但随着EGR率的增加,柴油机的Soot排放也相应增加。增加喷油压力可提高缸内油气混合速率,促进燃烧,有效降低Soot排放,改善燃油经济性。通过EGR率和喷油压力的调整可以达到NOx、Soot和燃油消耗率的折中优化。     

高取代度羧甲基茯苓多糖(CMP)的制备及其注射剂的研制

为研究高取代度羧甲基茯苓多糖(CMP)及其注射剂的制备工艺条件,以中药茯苓粉为原料,正交试验优化其羧甲基反应的工艺条件,并对所制备的多糖注射剂进行性能鉴定和药理学试验。结果表明：所获得的羧甲基茯苓多糖取代度高、纯度高,具有羧甲基反应特征,最优反应工艺条件为氯乙酸:氢氧化钠=1.15:1,反应温度75℃,反应时间3 h,此最优组合下羧甲基取代度(DS)值为1.21。所制备的多糖注射剂性状稳定、无毒、无热原性和无刺激性,安全可靠。羧甲基茯苓多糖具有直接抑制或杀死肿瘤细胞、增强巨噬细胞吞噬、调节机体免疫功能的药理作用。高取代度羧甲基茯苓多糖及其注射剂的研制可为丰富茯苓多糖的产品类型、拓宽应用范围及市场投入提供前期的理论基础。     

Grassland yield response to knife/tine slurry injection equipment – benefit or crop damage?

Slurry injection into grassland has advantages as it decreases ammonia losses, but may harm grassland plants. In two field experiments, four different types of knife/tine equipment were tested on three different grassland species (monocultures of red clover, perennial ryegrass and red fescue), with or without added mineral nitrogen (N), but without slurry application. During 2 years, in two separate experiments, the injection treatments were applied in spring or in summer to different plots. Crop damage was assessed by a range of methods. It was concluded that both the timing and the design of the knife/injector equipment had a significant influence on yield when used in grassland, with the greatest decrease in yield after spring use. Mean total yield over 2 years (no treatment = 100) for timing and species, with N added, was 94 (vertical knife), 92 (vertical and horizontal knife), 96 (double disc tine) and 94 (tubulator tine). With no N added, the relative yield decrease caused by equipment was less. Red fescue seemed to be a little more sensitive than the other species at spring treatment in one of the 2 years. Leaf area index could be useful for measuring crop damage.     

吡喹酮注射剂早期治疗小鼠血吸虫病效果的初步研究

为探索吡喹酮新制剂早期治疗血吸虫病效果,对人工感染日本血吸虫20d的小鼠皮下给药进行减虫率、肝脏减卵率统计,并在不同时间点对口服组和皮下注射吡喹酮新制剂组的未感染小鼠在给药后采集血浆,高效液相色谱法建立药时曲线。结果显示新制剂600mg/kg剂量治疗的3次试验的减虫率分别为72.88%、82.69%和56.7%,肝脏减卵率分别为81.7%、94.8%和70.7%,对感染20d期别的血吸虫有较好效果。而高效液相色谱法检测血药浓度显示,新制剂经皮下给药方式可使有效杀虫浓度(约0.3μg/mL)持续10d以上,具有缓释作用。吡喹酮新注射制剂能杀灭20d童虫,减少血吸虫病的危害,对血吸虫病的防治有较大的意义。     

苷肽注射液对猪免疫器官及血液指标的影响研究

通过对猪注射不同剂量的苷肽注射液,研究了苷肽注射液对猪的免疫器官和血液指标的影响。结果表明,苷肽注射液在一定程度上可促进猪体重增长,对猪免疫器官的影响不显著,对血液指标未见不良影响。合适剂量的苷肽注射液能够促进仔猪外周血淋巴细胞PHA的增殖。     

A Comparison of Serum Concentrations of Penicillin After Intramuscular Injection and Subcutaneous and Deep Injection into the Dewlap in Cattle

Using an aqueous solution of sodium benzyl penicillin as the model substance, a comparison was made in cattle between absorption after intramuscular injection, and after subcutaneous and deep injection into the dewlap.The duration of supposed therapeutically effective serum concentrations using the 2 dewlap routes was longer than for the intramuscular route, although maximum concentrations were lower. The applicability of injection into the dewlap, especially the subcutaneous route, is discussed in relation to intramuscular injection.     

The treatment of bovine sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis) using eprinomectin extended-release injection

The efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (ERI) formulation was evaluated in cattle harbouring induced infestations of Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis (sarcoptic mange) in three studies conducted in Germany (two studies) and Austria (one study). A total of 44 cattle were included in the studies, 12 in one study and 16 in each of the other two studies. Approximately eight weeks following initial induced infestation, cattle in each study were formed into replicates of two animals each on the basis of pre-treatment bodyweights. Within replicates the animals were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: ERI vehicle (control) or Eprinomectin 5% (w/v) ERI (1.0 mg eprinomectin/kg). Treatments were administered at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder once on day 0. The number of live mites in skin scrapings was determined prior to treatment and at weekly intervals for eight weeks after treatment. Severity of skin lesions was evaluated and scored when skin scrapings were taken. In all studies, animals were weighed before infestation and again prior to and at 56 days after treatment.