双歧杆菌及其产品缓解肠炎症状的研究进展

双歧杆菌具有调节肠道菌群、缓解功能性胃肠道疾病的功能,是目前广为使用的用于改善人体肠道的益生菌之一。炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）是一种慢性复发性炎症性疾病,该疾病伴随着肠黏膜溃疡、细胞死亡,并且容易复发。近年来,相关报道在肠炎治疗方面提到了双歧杆菌的益生作用。本文概述双歧杆菌、双歧杆菌产品、双歧杆菌代谢物对IBD的缓解效果,为双歧杆菌在医药方面的应用提供新的研究方向。     

小檗碱对炎症性肠病肠道屏障的影响及其信号通路

小檗碱是传统中药黄连等植物的主要活性成分,具有抗菌消炎、调节机体免疫等作用,可改善由炎症性肠病(IBD)导致的肠道屏障损伤。小檗碱通过抑制Toll样受体(TLRs)/核转录因子κB(NF⁃κB)、Janus活化激酶(JAK)/信号转导与转录激活子(STAT)信号通路和激活胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF⁃1)/胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(IGFBPs)信号通路,缓解IBD引起的肠道机械屏障、化学屏障、免疫屏障和微生物屏障功能损伤。本文就小檗碱的来源及理化性质、IBD的病理特征、小檗碱对IBD肠道屏障的修复作用及其信号通路进行综述,以期为畜牧生产中保护动物肠道健康提供参考。     

高铜对大鼠肾细胞炎性因子和细胞增殖的影响

旨在探讨铜中毒对大鼠肾组织炎性因子的表达和细胞增殖功能的影响。本研究选用32只20日龄健康大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,其中,对照组日粮的铜（Cu）浓度为15 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅰ组日粮Cu浓度为30 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅱ组日粮Cu浓度为60 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅲ组日粮Cu浓度为120 mg· kg^-1。连续饲喂6个月,检测肾组织Ki-67、PCNA、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、NF-κB、TNF-α的mRNA及其蛋白的表达。随着日粮中铜含量增高,肾组织中Ki-67、PCNA mRNA及其蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。炎性因子IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、NF-κB、TNF-α mRNA的表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）,IL-1β蛋白的表达水平呈剂量依赖性上升,IL-6和IL-18蛋白表达水平先上升,后下降。结果表明,日粮铜含量高于30 mg·kg^-1时,将不同程度地抑制大鼠肾组织的细胞增殖,促进炎性因子的表达,造成炎性损伤。     

4-(Phenylsulfanyl) Butan-2-One Attenuates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Amyloid-β Oligomers in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that causes irreversible impairment of central vision, and effective treatment is not yet available. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in drusen that lie under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been reported as one of the early signs of AMD and was found in more than 60% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Extracellular deposition of Aβ can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in RPE cells. Thus, finding a compound that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response may help the treatment of AMD. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the coral-derived compound 4-(phenylsulfanyl) butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on Aβ_1-42 oligomer (oAβ_1-42) added to the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Our results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 can decrease the elevated expressions of TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS via NF-κB signaling in ARPE-19 cells treated with oAβ_1-42 without causing any cytotoxicity or notable side effects. This study suggests that 4-PSB-2 is a promising drug candidate for attenuation of AMD.     

糖浓度变化对牛肺泡巨噬细胞促炎细胞因子释放的影响

探讨葡萄糖浓度变化能否上调牛肺泡巨噬细胞(BAMs)RAGE-TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB信号通路,引起BAMs释放促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别用5.5、15.5、25.5 mmol·L-1葡萄糖以及葡萄糖(5.5 mmol·L-1)+甘露醇(20 mmol·L-1)作用BAM...     

大肠杆菌对藏羊子宫内膜上皮细胞相关炎性因子表达的影响

为了探究大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)对藏羊子宫内膜上皮细胞(EECs)相关炎性因子表达的影响,本研究采用组织块贴壁法和酶消化法培养藏羊EECs;用不同感染复数(MOI)进行E. coli感染试验,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)及酶联免疫(ELISA)技术,分析白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)等炎性因子的RNA和蛋白表达水平。结果表明,培养液中加入50 ng·mL^-1表皮生长因子(EGF)能成功培养出藏羊EECs,纯度达到98%以上;E. coli感染试验中,当MOI为1:1时,IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8基因和蛋白的表达量与对照组相比差异不显著,而TNF-α表达量显著升高(P<0.05);当MOI为20:1时,IL-8基因和蛋白的表达量显著升高(P<0.05);当MOI为50:1时,IL-1β、IL-6基因和蛋白的表达量显著升高(P<0.05),而TNF-α表达量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,酶消化法可成功培养藏羊EECs;不同MOI E.coli感染后,藏羊EECs中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α等炎性因子的表达量较对照组均显著升高(P<0.05),它们可作为识别子宫内膜炎病理变化程度的指标。本研究结果为预防子宫内膜炎、提高藏羊的生产性能以及生态养殖提供了理论依据。     

BCG诱导RAW264.7细胞脂肪酸氧化对细胞自噬和促炎因子表达的调控作用

旨在探究脂肪酸氧化（fatty acid oxidation,FAO）对BCG介导的RAW264.7细胞自噬和促炎因子表达的调控作用。用BODIPY染色和游离脂肪酸定量试剂盒检测BCG感染后RAW264.7细胞中脂滴聚集情况以及脂肪酸含量;Western blot检测BCG感染对肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1A （CPT-1A）表达的影响;Etomoxir （100 μmol·L^-1）预处理细胞2 h后,BCG感染细胞6 h,检测RAW264.7细胞中BCG存留量,并用Western blot方法检测自噬相关蛋白（Beclin1、LC3-II）和溶酶体蛋白（Rab7）的表达情况;用免疫荧光方法和mRFP-GFP-LC3荧光双标腺病毒分别检测自噬小体聚集和自噬流;荧光定量PCR和ELISA分别检测促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达情况以及在细胞培养上清中的含量。结果显示,BCG感染促进RAW264.7细胞中脂滴聚集和CPT-1A的表达,而游离脂肪酸含量降低;Etomoxir预处理抑制了细胞中BCG存活,并上调了Beclin1、LC3-II和Rab7表达,且细胞中出现大量自噬小体聚集,自噬流增强,却抑制了促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达与分泌。综上表明,抑制FAO可促进BCG感染诱导的RAW264.7细胞自噬,并抑制BCG感染引起的炎症反应。     

尼罗罗非鱼铁调素调节蛋白在宿主抵御病原菌侵染和调节铁稳态中的功能

为了研究铁调素调节蛋白(hemojuvelin,HJV)在硬骨鱼中抵御病原菌感染和维持自身铁稳态过程中的作用,实验扩增了尼罗罗非鱼铁调素调节蛋白基因(Onhjv)的开放阅读框(ORF),分析其在健康尼罗罗非鱼各组织中的分布模式及在抵御病原菌感染和调节铁稳态中的相关作用。结果显示,Onhjv的ORF全长由1 248个碱基组成,编码415个氨基酸,在不同物种之间具有一定的保守性。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果显示,Onhjv在尼罗罗非鱼各组织中广泛分布,并在肝脏中的表达量最高。在无乳链球菌或嗜水气单胞菌感染后,Onhjv在肝脏、脾脏、肠和鳃中的表达量均显著上调。体外头肾单核/巨噬细胞和肝细胞中Onhjv表达量在受到这2种病原菌应激下也显著上调。此外,在1和10μmol/L FeCl_3溶液刺激后,Onhjv表达量在肝脏、脾脏、肠和鳃等组织,以及头肾单核/巨噬细胞和肝细胞中的表达量也呈显著上调。受重组罗非鱼IL-6蛋白[(r)OnIL-6]刺激后,头肾单核/巨噬细胞中Onhjv表达量显著上调,表明炎症因子可以促进Onhjv表达。研究表明,尼罗罗非鱼铁调素调节蛋白在宿主抵御病原菌感染和维持铁稳态的过程中发挥作用。本实验为探究HJV在硬骨鱼中的生物学功能提供了参考,同时为进一步研究铁代谢在宿主防御病原菌感染过程中的重要作用提供理论指导。     

A potential early clinical phenotype of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in genetically at‐risk pug dogs

BackgroundNecrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) in the pug dogs is a fatal neuroinflammatory disease associated with rapid progression and poor response to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is typically made after severe neurological abnormalities have manifested.Hypothesis/ObjectivePug dogs at genetic risk for NME might manifest neurological abnormalities before developing pathognomonic clinical signs of NME.AnimalsThirty‐six pug dogs less than 4 years of age asymptomatic for NME.MethodsProspective observational cohort study with germline genome‐wide genotyping. Neurological examinations were performed 4 weeks apart to document reproducible findings of central nervous system disease. Magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and testing for infectious diseases were performed in all pugs with reproducible abnormalities detected on neurological examination.ResultsThe overall risk allele frequency in this cohort was 40%; 5 (14%) dogs were high risk, 19 (53%) dogs were medium risk, and 12 (33%) dogs were low genetic risk for NME. Reproducible abnormalities detected on neurological examination were identified in 8/24 (33%) genetically at‐risk dogs and 0/12 (0%) low risk dogs. Clinical abnormalities included multifocal spinal pain in 8/8, reduced menace response in 5/8, and lateralizing postural reaction deficits in 5/8 pugs. There was a strong association between genotype risk and the presence of this clinical phenotype (P = .03).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur findings suggest the presence of a novel early clinical phenotype of NME in apparently asymptomatic genetically at‐risk pugs which might be used to plan early diagnostic and therapeutic clinical trials.