阿尔泰瑞香提取物的体外抗炎及抗氧化活性

目的 探讨阿尔泰瑞香二氯甲烷提取物（Da-Dm）的体外抗炎及抗氧化活性。方法 以不同浓度（1、6、30 μg/mL）的Da-Dm作用于脂多糖（LPS,1 μg/mL）诱导的RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞,采用CCK-8法测定Da-Dm对细胞增殖的影响;Griess法检测细胞上清液中一氧化氮（NO）的释放量;ELISA法检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的分泌量。以维生素C为对照,采用FRAP法、DPPH法评价Da-Dm总抗氧化能力。结果 Da-Dm在浓度为30 μg/mL及以下时对RAW264.7细胞增殖没有影响。与LPS组比较,1~30 μg/mL的Da-Dm可明显降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量（P<0.05,P<0.01）,并呈现浓度依赖性。Da-Dm对DPPH自由基有较好的清除能力,其清除率的IC50为318.1 μg/mL,在FRAP实验中其对Fe²⁺离子具有较强的还原能力。结论 Da-Dm可以抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,它的抗炎作用可能与抑制NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的释放有关。Da-Dm具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of Pinus radiata bark extract in salmonid cell lines

A fish meal supply shortage is limiting aquaculture development. Currently, plant‐based proteins, such as soya bean meal, are being used as an alternative protein source, despite that such a diet can adversely affect fish, such as by inducing an inflammatory response. A possible solution is to include dietary additives in farm diets to counteract negative effects. One such solution originates from pine bark extracts, which present bioactive properties. In this study, the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of Pinus radiata bark extracts were evaluated for the first time in a salmonid cell line. This extract chemically demonstrated antioxidant activity through 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH = 58.4 ± 1.1%) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP = 575 ± 17 mgEqFe(II)·g extract^?1) assays. Additionally, the extract showed high flavonoid and phenolic compound contents. Up to 100 mg mL^?1, the P. radiata extract showed no cytotoxicity in the CHSE‐214 salmonid embryo cell line. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract (50 μg mL^?1) was evaluated by a dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) assay in the SHK‐1 salmon cell line challenged with an oxidant stimulus (H₂O₂), showing 58.9% activity. The extract also protected DNA from oxidative damage, as observed through a comet assay. When assessing anti‐inflammatory properties in an in vitro inflammation model, the extract significantly reduced the relative expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and of the inducible cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) enzyme. These results suggest a potential application of P. radiata bark extract in functional foods in aquaculture.     

Effects of fish meal replacement by low‐gossypol cottonseed meal on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,intestine histology and inflammatory gene expression of silver sillago (Sillago sihama Forsskál) (1775)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, inflammatory genes expression and intestine histology of silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Forsskål 1775), by replacing fish meal (FM) with low‐gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, including R0 group (control, containing 550.0 g/kg FM), R16 group (88.5 g/kg LCSM and 461.5 g/kg FM), R32 group (177.0 g/kg LCSM and 373.0 g/kg FM), R48 group (265.5 g/kg LCSM and 284.5 g/kg FM) and R64 group (354.0 g/kg LCSM and 196.0 g/kg FM). Fish fed R0 and R16 groups had a significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) than R48 and R64 groups (p < .05). In contrast to whole‐body crude protein, whole‐body moisture increased with the FM level of substitution (p < .05). With the increased amount of LCSM in the diet, the activity of intestinal amylase (AMS) increased significantly (p < .05), and intestinal trypsin (TRP) decreased (p < .05). Dietary LCSM substitution upregulated the expression of intestinal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and interleukin one beta (IL‐1β), but downregulated tight junction proteins ZO‐1(ZO‐1), transforming growth factor beta‐3 (TGF‐β3) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) expression. Histological analysis revealed progressive morphological damage to the mid‐intestine with higher levels of FM replacement. These results showed that 88.5 g/kg (16%) of FM replaced by LCSM with amino acids (methionine and lysine) supplementation did not significantly reduce growth compared with FM‐based control.     

Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth,diet conversion,body chemical compositions and distal intestinal health in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora,Richardson)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on the physical barrier function, pro‐inflammatory response and possible underlying mechanisms in the distal intestine (DI) of yellow drum when fed a high‐SBM diet. Three iso‐proteic and iso‐lipidic diets were formulated with fish meal (FM, the control), 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM (SBM) and 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM but supplemented with 0.15% SB (SBM + SB). Fish were fed twice daily for 10 weeks. Results indicated that SB supplementation significantly increased the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) and methionine content of muscle when compared with those of fish fed the SBM diet (p < .05). The morphologic histology results showed that SB dramatically improved the physical barrier structure, characterized as increases of fold height (FH) and muscular thickness (MT) (p < .05). RT‐qPCR data were accordant with morphologic histology results, in which claudin 3, claudin 4 and occludin were increased while claudin 7 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA expression levels were decreased (p < .05). Sodium butyrate also exerted anti‐inflammatory function, which may be attributed to the suppression of nucleus p65 protein expression. Results suggest SB can be incorporated in high‐SBM diets to ameliorate the negative consequences of alternative dietary ingredients on yellow drum physiology.     

对慢性心衰心阳虚证及其微观指标关系的思考

本文通过对慢性心力衰竭心阳虚证症候特点、病程变化机制、血流动力学、心功能分级、心脏负荷标志物、神经内分泌相关激素、炎症反应物等相关指标的关联整理,研究其诊断价值,为病证结合慢性心力衰竭心阳虚证提供辅助诊断依据,并对心衰心阳虚证微观辨证发展现状进行反思。     

猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠血清中细胞因子表达的抗体芯片分析

为分析猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠不同时间点血清中炎性细胞因子表达的变化,收集猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠不同感染时段(24、48 h)的血清,采用细胞因子抗体芯片技术检测32种细胞因子水平。结果显示,猪葡萄球菌感染小鼠后血清细胞因子表达水平发生了明显变化:与对照相比,感染后24 h,血清细胞因子中有5种细胞因子表达出现了显著性变化,其中表达升高2倍以上的细胞因子有4种(G-CSF、IL-6、KC、MCP-5);感染后48 h,血清细胞因子中共有4种细胞因子表达出现了显著性变化,其中表达升高2倍以上的细胞因子有3种(G-CSF、KC、MCP-5);感染24 h和48 h后IL-12的表达均显著低于对照。炎性细胞因子在猪葡萄球菌感染中发挥重要作用,利用细胞因子抗体芯片从血清中筛选猪葡萄球菌相关蛋白分子标记物是可行的。     

糖浓度变化对牛肺泡巨噬细胞促炎细胞因子释放的影响

探讨葡萄糖浓度变化能否上调牛肺泡巨噬细胞(BAMs)RAGE-TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB信号通路,引起BAMs释放促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别用5.5、15.5、25.5 mmol·L-1葡萄糖以及葡萄糖(5.5 mmol·L-1)+甘露醇(20 mmol·L-1)作用BAM...     

接头分子在TLRs信号传导中的作用研究进展

接头分子在Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)识别病原相关分子模式或损伤相关分子模式、发动和调节先天与后天免疫反应的信号传导网络中发挥着重要的生物学作用,与Toll样受体相结合后,其下游激酶和转录因子传导信号,激活细胞内核转录因子调控作用元件。TLRs接头分子的共同特征是含有TIR结构域,不同TLRs家族成员可依赖于一个或多个接头分子传导信号。对目前已确认的MyD88、MAL/TIRAP、TRIF、TRAM和SARM 5种接头分子在TLRs信号传导途径中的调控作用进行综述,以期为研究接头分子在TLRs信号传导中的作用机制提供参考。     

蟾酥醇提取物的体外抗炎作用研究

为了考察蟾酥醇提取物的体外抗炎作用,用LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞建立细胞炎症模型,采用Griess法测定蟾酥醇提取物对细胞上清液中的NO水平,ELISA法测定TNF-α、ILlβ、IL-6含量,荧光法测定细胞内ROS水平。结果显示,蟾酥醇提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞所分泌的炎症因子(NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6)有明显的抑制作用,与空白对照组相比明显降低,同时蟾酥醇提取物极显著降低LPS诱导的细胞内ROS水平(P0.01)。由此推测,蟾酥醇提取物通过抑制炎症因子、降低细胞内活性氧水平减轻细胞的炎症反应,具有良好的抗炎作用。     

猪皮下与内脏脂肪组织mRNA转录组的构建与差异分析

【目的】研究猪皮下脂肪和内脏脂肪的表型和代谢差异,找出差异转录本。【方法】选取长白母猪的皮下脂肪(背部皮下脂肪)和内脏脂肪(大网膜脂肪和肠系膜脂肪)进行表型测定及高通量转录组测序(RNA-Seq)。【结果】①背部皮下脂肪体积最大,大网膜次之,肠系膜的脂肪体积最小;与皮下脂肪相比,内脏脂肪中饱和脂肪酸含量更高(P<0.01)而不饱和脂肪酸的含量相对较低(P<0.05);②转录组测序共获得30 532 913～33 479 707个唯一比对到基因组的读段(reads),鉴定了22 015个转录本,覆盖猪已注解转录本的80.2%,同时还发现4 583～4 765个新的转录本、936～1 029个可变剪切、16 559个单核苷酸多态位点(SNPs)和1 481个插入/缺失位点(INDELs)。③皮下脂肪和内脏脂肪间差异表达的基因共有183个,基因注释(GO)和代谢通路(Pathway)分析发现它们在不饱和脂肪酸合成、羧酸代谢和炎症反应过程中有重要作用。【结论】提供了猪皮下脂肪和内脏脂肪的完善转录组信息,获得了影响脂肪酸代谢的潜在候选基因,为进一步揭示皮下脂肪和内脏脂肪的功能特征与差异提供了数据基础。