Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth,diet conversion,body chemical compositions and distal intestinal health in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora,Richardson)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on the physical barrier function, pro‐inflammatory response and possible underlying mechanisms in the distal intestine (DI) of yellow drum when fed a high‐SBM diet. Three iso‐proteic and iso‐lipidic diets were formulated with fish meal (FM, the control), 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM (SBM) and 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM but supplemented with 0.15% SB (SBM + SB). Fish were fed twice daily for 10 weeks. Results indicated that SB supplementation significantly increased the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) and methionine content of muscle when compared with those of fish fed the SBM diet (p < .05). The morphologic histology results showed that SB dramatically improved the physical barrier structure, characterized as increases of fold height (FH) and muscular thickness (MT) (p < .05). RT‐qPCR data were accordant with morphologic histology results, in which claudin 3, claudin 4 and occludin were increased while claudin 7 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA expression levels were decreased (p < .05). Sodium butyrate also exerted anti‐inflammatory function, which may be attributed to the suppression of nucleus p65 protein expression. Results suggest SB can be incorporated in high‐SBM diets to ameliorate the negative consequences of alternative dietary ingredients on yellow drum physiology.     

Effects of fish meal replacement by low‐gossypol cottonseed meal on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,intestine histology and inflammatory gene expression of silver sillago (Sillago sihama Forsskál) (1775)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, inflammatory genes expression and intestine histology of silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Forsskål 1775), by replacing fish meal (FM) with low‐gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, including R0 group (control, containing 550.0 g/kg FM), R16 group (88.5 g/kg LCSM and 461.5 g/kg FM), R32 group (177.0 g/kg LCSM and 373.0 g/kg FM), R48 group (265.5 g/kg LCSM and 284.5 g/kg FM) and R64 group (354.0 g/kg LCSM and 196.0 g/kg FM). Fish fed R0 and R16 groups had a significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) than R48 and R64 groups (p < .05). In contrast to whole‐body crude protein, whole‐body moisture increased with the FM level of substitution (p < .05). With the increased amount of LCSM in the diet, the activity of intestinal amylase (AMS) increased significantly (p < .05), and intestinal trypsin (TRP) decreased (p < .05). Dietary LCSM substitution upregulated the expression of intestinal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and interleukin one beta (IL‐1β), but downregulated tight junction proteins ZO‐1(ZO‐1), transforming growth factor beta‐3 (TGF‐β3) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) expression. Histological analysis revealed progressive morphological damage to the mid‐intestine with higher levels of FM replacement. These results showed that 88.5 g/kg (16%) of FM replaced by LCSM with amino acids (methionine and lysine) supplementation did not significantly reduce growth compared with FM‐based control.     

血必净注射液联合常规西药治疗重症肺炎的临床疗效

目的 观察血必净注射液联合常规西药治疗重症肺炎的临床疗效。方法 将40例重症肺炎患者按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各20例。两组患者均给予盐酸氨溴索注射液、多索茶碱、营养支持及抗凝等药物,观察组加用血必净注射液。观察治疗2周后两组患者的白细胞计数（WBC）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-5（IL-5）水平变化。结果 治疗前两组患者WBC、hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-5水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗2周后观察组患者WBC、hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-5明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组总有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 血必净注射液联合常规西药治疗重症肺炎,能显著降低体内炎症因子水平,临床疗效显著。     

猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠血清中细胞因子表达的抗体芯片分析

为分析猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠不同时间点血清中炎性细胞因子表达的变化,收集猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠不同感染时段(24、48 h)的血清,采用细胞因子抗体芯片技术检测32种细胞因子水平。结果显示,猪葡萄球菌感染小鼠后血清细胞因子表达水平发生了明显变化:与对照相比,感染后24 h,血清细胞因子中有5种细胞因子表达出现了显著性变化,其中表达升高2倍以上的细胞因子有4种(G-CSF、IL-6、KC、MCP-5);感染后48 h,血清细胞因子中共有4种细胞因子表达出现了显著性变化,其中表达升高2倍以上的细胞因子有3种(G-CSF、KC、MCP-5);感染24 h和48 h后IL-12的表达均显著低于对照。炎性细胞因子在猪葡萄球菌感染中发挥重要作用,利用细胞因子抗体芯片从血清中筛选猪葡萄球菌相关蛋白分子标记物是可行的。     

Micrometam C Protects against Oxidative Stress in Inflammation Models in Zebrafish and RAW264.7 Macrophages

Micrometam C is a core of novel marine compound isolated from the mangrove associates Micromelum falcatum. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of micrometam C in inflammation models in the transgenic zebrafish line Tg (corola: eGFP) and RAW264.7 macrophages. We found that micrometam C significantly suppressed the migration of immune cells in tail-cutting-induced inflammation in transgenic zebrafish and reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both zebrafish and macrophages. In addition, micrometam C also restored LPS-induced reduction of endogenous antioxidants, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The protective effects of micrometam C were in parallel to its inhibition of NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor-kappa-binding (NF-κB) activity. Thus, the present results demonstrate that micrometam C protects against LPS-induced inflammation possibly through its antioxidant property.     

Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-3) Supplementation on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors with a Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet

Background: the ketogenic diet (KD) has become a widely used nutritional approach for weight loss. Some of the KD’s positive effects on metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors are similar to those seen after n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation. We hypothesized that a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts combined with ω-3 supplementation may have increased positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation. Methods: We analyzed 34 male overweight subjects; aged between 25 and 65 years who were overall healthy apart from overweight. The subjects followed a ketogenic diet protocol for four weeks; with (KDO3) or without (KD) ω-3 supplementation. Results: All subjects experienced a significant loss of body weight and body fat and there was no significant differences between treatment (body weight: KD—4.7 kg, KDO3—4.03 kg, body fat KD—5.41 kg, KDO3—5.86 kg). There were also significant decreases in total cholesterol, LDL-c, and glucose levels. Triglycerides and insulin levels decreased more in KDO3 vs. KD subjects, with a significant difference. All the investigated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) decreased significantly in KDO3 subjects whilst only TNF-α showed a significant decrease in KD subjects over the 12 month study period. No significant changes were observed in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1Ra), creatinine, urea and uric acid. Adiponectin increased significantly only in the KDO3 group. Conclusions: ω-3 supplementation improved the positive effects of a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts on some cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors and inflammatory state.     

Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae: A Valuable Natural Source for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases

Epidemiological studies have shown a relation between antioxidants and the prevention of several chronic diseases. Microalgae are a potential novel source of bioactive molecules, including a wide range of different carotenoids that can be used as nutraceuticals, food supplements and novel food products. The objective of this review is (i) to update the research that has been carried out on the most known carotenoids produced by marine microalgae, including reporting on their high potentialities to produce other less known important compounds; (ii) to compile the work that has been done in order to establish some relationship between carotenoids and oxidative protection and treatment; (iii) to summarize the association of oxidative stress and the various reactive species including free radicals with several human diseases; and (iv) to provide evidence of the potential of carotenoids from marine microalgae to be used as therapeutics to treat or prevent these oxidative stress-related diseases.     

同种移植炎症因子的结构和功能研究

概述同种移植炎症因子的结构、功能、意义及国际最新的研究趋势。     

新型抗生素替代品-重组抗菌剂类蛋白的研究

长期使用抗生素,尤其是人类常用抗生素会导致抗生素在畜产品中残留及细菌耐药性的产生。因此,生产者们迫切需要一种既有效又有利于环保的新的抗生素替代剂。抗菌肽和细胞因子由于具有多种活性越来越受到关注。文章主要介绍了抗菌肽和细胞因子重组蛋白表达与抗菌活性等研究进展,这两类重组蛋白有望成为新的饲料添加剂服务于养殖业。     

银杏叶提取物对肉仔鸡淋巴细胞增殖及细胞因子水平的影响

为了研究银杏叶提取物(EGB)对肉仔鸡淋巴细胞增殖及细胞因子水平的影响。将360只1日龄健康AA肉用母雏鸡随机分成5组,每组6个重复,其中一组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;其余4组分别饲喂添加0.009%金霉素及0.15%、0.20%和0.25% EGB的日粮,试验期为42天。测定肉仔鸡外周血和脾脏淋巴细胞转化率以及血清中细胞因子IL-1、IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量。结果显示,日粮中添加不同水平EGB可促进肉仔鸡外周血和脾脏淋巴细胞增殖转化,提高血清中细胞因子IL-1、IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α的水平,并且在日粮中添加EGB的作用效果比添加金霉素的作用效果好。表明日粮中添加EGB可增强肉仔鸡的免疫功能。