东洞庭湖冬、夏两季湿地鸟类多样性比较分析

2007年8月—2009年1月对东洞庭湖湿地鸟类资源进行调查,从物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀性指数、G-F指数等方面对比分析了冬夏两季鸟类的群落多样性。将物种数、多样性指数、均匀性指数作为基数,运用欧氏和最短距离法进行了聚类分析,结果表明:夏季树林灌丛和居民区生境鸟类群落结构十分相似,而水域和沼泽生境鸟类群落结构相似,冬季树林灌丛和芦苇、草滩沼泽生境鸟类群落结构十分相似,而水域和居民区生境鸟类群落结构相似。     

模糊评分法在高羊茅品种综合评价中的应用

1999--2001年对引进和培育的高羊茅新品种(系)在喀斯特生态区进行品种比较试验。观测记裁各参试品种的性状表现，对春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的观测结果，用模糊评分法Ⅲ进行分析比较，并按综合评价值的大小排序a结果高羊茅“98--1”的综合评价值最大，排第一名，依次是猎狗5号、矮星2号、凌志(对照)，其余参试品种排名次后。认为用模糊评分法对高羊茅品种进行分析评价是可行的。     

家蚕蛹壳聚糖复合海绵止血材料的制备及止血性能测试

以从家蚕蛹壳中提取的壳聚糖为主要原料,与明胶共混溶解后加入助剂,通过冷冻真空干燥法制备海绵状复合止血材料。采用L16(45)正交试验,探讨复合止血材料中蚕蛹壳聚糖、明胶以及戊二醛、氯化钙和甘油等助剂的含量对体外凝血指数(BCI)的影响。各因素对BCI的影响大小顺序是:蚕蛹壳聚糖>氯化钙>戊二醛>明胶>甘油。优化复合止血材料中各组分的质量分数为:蚕蛹壳聚糖2.5%,明胶3.0%,戊二醛0.005%,氯化钙0.1%,甘油0.05%。对该复合止血材料进行体外凝血测试,并制作家兔耳动脉出血模型进行活体止血效果的试验,结果均表明其具有良好的止血效果,体外凝血指数较医用纱布和明胶海绵极显著下降,对缩短家兔耳动脉止血时间和降低出血量均极显著优于医用纱布和明胶海绵。     

载畜率对荒漠草原植物群落影响的研究

对不同载畜率下短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落特征进行比较,结果表明:不同植物种群的盖度对载畜率的响应不同,无芒隐子草盖度在轻度放牧区最大,栉叶蒿盖度在7月份、8月份分别以中度放牧区和轻度放牧区最大;短花针茅、冷蒿、阿氏旋花、细叶葱、木地肤随载畜率增大高度下降明显,猪毛菜高度在四个载畜率下差异均不显著;随着载畜率的增大,植物群落生物量呈下降趋势,且重度放牧与不放牧、轻度放牧有显著差异;随着载畜率的增大,建群种、优势种地位改变不明显,但一年生的猪毛菜重要值增大,在重度放牧区达到最大并占据优势地位;Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数均以轻度放牧区最大,Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数均为轻度放牧>中度放牧>重度放牧>不放牧,且不放牧与轻度放牧差异显著。     

试论灰色系统关联度分析法在生物科学研究中应用的合适性

灰色系统关联度分析法的主要研究对象是社会经济等非技术的抽象系统。近年来，在生物科学领域如畜牧、兽医、草原等技术性强和具体系统的科学研究中，发现有应用该法分析其试验数据的论文。经研究核实，应用该法分析生物科学研究的数据，似欠合适。这可能是由于该方法本身有不足处，或由于论文作者误用该法。特提出供读者与学者讨论与研究。     

Food animals as reservoirs and potential sources of multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes: Focus on intensive pig farming in South Africa

BackgroundDiarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains are a major cause of diarrheal diseases in both developed and developing countries. Healthy asymptomatic animals may be reservoirs of zoonotic DEC, which may enter the food chain via the weak points in hygiene practices.AimWe investigated the prevalence of DEC along the pig production continuum from farm-to-fork.MethodsA total of 417 samples were collected from specific points along the pig production system, that is, farm, transport, abattoir and food. E. coli was isolated and enumerated using Colilert. Ten isolates from each Quanti-tray were selected randomly and phenotypically identified using eosin methylene blue agar selective media. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the species and to classify them into the various diarrheagenic pathotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined against a panel of 20 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and EUCAST guideline.ResultsThe final sample size consisted of 1044 isolates, of which 45.40% (474/1044) were DEC and 73% (762/1044) were multidrug-resistant. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) was the most predominant DEC at all the sampling sites.ConclusionThe presence of DEC in food animal production environments and food of animal origin could serve as reservoirs for transmitting these bacteria to humans, especially in occupationally exposed workers and via food. Adherence to good hygienic practices along the pig production continuum is essential for mitigating the risk of transmission and infection, and ensuring food safety.     

百脉根种子硬实处理与耐藏性的探讨

地百脉根种子硬实用不同方法处理和对不同贮藏时间种子耐藏性的测定结果表明：贮藏１年种子含硬实率５９．３％。经擦破种皮或硫酸浸种处理，硬实率明显下降，发芽势，发芽率显著提高；种子随贮藏期的增长，硬实率明显下降，其发芽势，发芽率，活力指数以及直播出苗率，幼细苗存活率等亦随贮藏时间的延长而下降；种子电导值则随贮藏时间的延长而增大。     

大豆根际促生菌的分离筛选及其对大豆和百脉根生长与品质的影响

从贵州毕节地区大豆根际土壤中分离溶磷菌株,从大豆根瘤中分离根瘤菌株。对分离出的溶磷圈直径与菌落直径的比值(D/d值)在2.20以上的溶磷菌株分别进行溶磷能力、生长素(IAA)及有机酸分泌能力、产酸产碱性能测定,筛选出优良溶磷菌4株;对分离出的根瘤菌通过大豆试管苗回接及促生效应试验,筛选出高效根瘤菌2株。将筛选出的6株菌经拮抗反应试验后分别按单一溶磷菌接种剂、单一根瘤菌接种剂、溶磷菌+根瘤菌复合接种剂3种处理制备菌悬液,采用盆栽方法分别对大豆和百脉根进行促生效应试验。结果表明,与对照相比,除单一根瘤接种剂对增加大豆株高无效果外,另外2个处理对大豆株高有提升效果,所有处理对大豆茎粗、生物量、结荚数、荚重、单粒数及单粒重都有明显的促进作用。其中溶磷菌+根瘤菌复合菌液对大豆株高、茎粗、幼苗地上生物量和地下生物量的促进效果最好,分别比对照高出21.26%,40.79%,15.88%和42.19%。3个处理对百脉根的第一、二茬株高及地上生物量、全氮、全磷和粗蛋白含量均有明显的提升效应,其中依然是溶磷菌+根瘤菌复合菌液的处理效果最好,分别比对照高出20.82%,54.88%,106.14%,148.78%,19.34%,61.88%和19.34%,与对照差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。说明所筛选的菌株组合能产生良好的促生互作效应。     

Preparation of Atherosclerosis Model Using Guangxi Bama Mini-pig

The atherosclerosis (AS) model was prepared in Guangxi Bama mini-pig,and the atherosclerosis index (AI) was preliminarily identified in occurrence of AS to provide the basis for the preparation of related models.20 Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were randomly divided into control group and experimental group which were fed with high fat and cholesterol diet to prepare the AS model.Blood biochemical indexes were detected in the process of model preparation and the correlation between AI and the results of vascular slices was analyzed to initially draw up AI of AS.The results of vascular slices showed that the incidence rates of AS of Guangxi Bama mini-pigs in experimental group and control group were 20% and 0,respectively.The association analysis between the results of vascular slices and AI in the pathogenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs preliminarily suggested that AI was above 3.8 and lasted for more than 3 months during the attack.