柴达木盆地次生盐渍化撂荒地的改良与利用

在分析了柴达木盆地次生盐渍化撂荒地的成因的基础上，对生物改良和利用撂荒地的大量试验结果进行了分析和总结，提出了封育一灌溉和建植入工草是改良与利用盐渍化撂荒化撂荒地的有效途径，并阐述了在柴达木盆地建立草地农业生态系统的必要性 。     

改良型氧化沟工艺调试与运行

介绍了娄底市第一污水处理厂一期工程设计概况和采用的改良型氧化沟脱氮除磷工艺,分析了该污水处理厂调试、培菌过程中出现的问题,并针对性地采取了一系列改进措施.在进水远低于设计值的不利条件下,通过合理培菌,不到一个月系统启动成功.监测结果表明:该工艺运行可靠,出水水质稳定、达标.     

红色荷斯坦牛与西改牛杂交一代产奶性能的研究

为提高西改牛产奶量，选用外表与其相似的红色荷斯坦牛精液对西改牛进行杂交改良，结果表明，杂一代牛一、二、三胎泌乳期平均产奶量达到4010.33 kg；乳脂、非脂、蛋白质、乳糖含量分别为3.54%、8.52%、2.72%、4.70%，说明，红杂牛完全可作为奶牛的后备资源，加以开发利用。     

黑银杏优良无性系选育研究

在对全县银杏种质资源普查的基础上，通过初选、复选和高接栽培对比试验，从２９７株雌银杏古树中发现并选育出了两个具有药用价值高、结实早、丰产稳产、抗逆性强等特点的黑银杏优良无性系———中银黑１号和中银黑２号。黑银杏种仁中总黄酮含量０９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，叶片中总黄酮含量８５ｇ／ｋｇ，分别比普通银杏高５０％和４１７％。文中还介绍了黑银杏的优良经济性状、生物学特性和生态学特性。     

桉属植物叶片DNA抽提

对植物组织DNA抽提是在分子水平上对植物进行系统分析与研究的基础性工作。我们使用改良CTAB法抽提桉属植物叶片中总的DNA获得了成功，其纯度和得率完全能满足常规分子生物学操作的要求。与DNA得率有关的几个问题在此一并探讨。     

A diagnostic survey of shifting cultivation in northern Laos: targeting research to improve sustainability and productivity

About 25% of Laos' four million people practise shifting cultivation (mainly of rice) on a third of the country's cropped area. Official policy is to eliminate shifting cultivation by the year 2000. Diagnostic surveys of shifting cultivation were conducted in Luang Prabang and Oudomsay Provinces in northern Laos to understand the practice from a farmer's perspective, to observe fields, and to identify and give priority to problems and research to address problems. Weeds, low and possibly declining soil fertility, intensification of the cropping cycle, rats (plus birds, wild pigs), and insects lowered rice yields or reduced system sustainability. The forest ecosystem has been degraded by logging, burning, and rice monocropping; and potentials for environmental rehabilitation through natural succession are minimal. Farmers cannot adopt high labor and cash cost innovations; and improved fallow is needed as an intermediate step prior to crop diversification, adoption of agroforestry technologies, and sedentary agriculture.     

The forest garden system of Saparua island Central Maluku, Indonesia, and its role in maintaining tree species diversity

The dusuns of Central Maluku which improve fallows by planting spice trees such as clove (Syzygium aromaticum syn. Eugenia aromatica), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), or coconut (Cocos nucifera) and tending spontaneous regeneration, are an example of a species-rich forest garden system in the eastern hemisphere of the Indonesian archipelago. In this paper we report the influence of site conditions, as slope inclination, soil type, and soil depth, on species composition, tree species diversity, and stand structure in old dusuns in four villages on Saparua, a small island south of Seram. In addition, we compared the floristic composition and stand structure of old dusuns with those of primary forest and advanced fallow vegetation (∼15-yr old). Soil conditions, particularly the depth of the mineral soil layer, and the relief have a major influence on species selection in dusuns. The most common species in old dusuns were absent both in primary forest and forest fallow. Floristic similarity between old dusuns and the unmanaged stands was low. However, in two study villages species richness of old dusuns was similar to that of the primary forest. Old dusuns showed an open structure with an average reduction of basal area by about half compared to the primary forest. Less than half of all individuals found above 10 cm DBH in old dusuns were planted. Only very few species were exclusively planted. Most species were both planted and emerged from spontaneous regeneration. The results indicate the important role of spontaneous regeneration in this forest garden system. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dry-season sesbania fallows and their influence on nitrogen availability and maize yields in Malawi

Nitrogen deficiency is widespread in southern Africa, but inorganic fertilizers are often unaffordable for smallholder farmers. Short-duration leguminous fallows are one possible means of soil fertility restoration. We monitored preseason topsoil (0 to 20 cm) ammonium and nitrate, fallow biomass production and grain yields for three years in a relay cropping trial with sesbania [Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays L.). Sesbania seedlings were interplanted with maize during maize sowing at 0, 7400 or 14,800 trees ha^–1, in factorial combination with inorganic N fertilizer at 0 or 48 kg N ha^–1 (half the recommended rate). After maize harvest, fallows were allowed to grow during the seven-month dry season, and were cleared before sowing the next maize crop. Both sesbania fallows and inorganic N fertilizer resulted in significantly greater (P < 0.01 to 0.05) preseason topsoil nitrate-N than following unfertilized sole maize. In plots receiving no fertilizer N, preseason topsoil inorganic N correlated with maize yield over all three seasons (r ² = 0.62, P < 0.001). Sesbania fallows gave significantly higher maize yields than unfertilized sole maize in two of three years (P < 0.01 to 0.05). Sesbania biomass yields were extremely variable, were not significantly related to sesbania planting density, and were inconsistently related to soil N fractions and maize yields. Short-duration fallows may offer modest yield increases under conditions where longer duration fallows are not possible. This gain must be considered against the loss of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) harvest in the similarly structured maize-pigeonpea intercrop common in the region.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山茱萸嫁接繁殖试验

山茱萸嫁接试验结果表明，采用改进型嵌芽接(所削芽片宽0．5cm，长2．5～3．0cm)成活率最高，可达80．7％，全芽绑扎方法能够明显提高嫁接成活率。嫁接时接穗和砧木的粗度最佳范围0．4～0．6cm，最佳的解绑时间是30d。     

适于AFLP分析的澳洲坚果DNA提取方法

利用SDS法和改良CTAB法对澳洲坚果两个品种的基因组DNA进行提取试验,结果表明:SDS法与改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA完整性都比较好,但SDS法获得的DNA含有较多杂质,不能被限制性内切酶消化,改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA可以完全酶切,DNA质量符合AFLP分析的要求。