利用GoldenGate分析的高通量SNP芯片对鲤基因进行分型

单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)标记在大多数物种基因组中数量巨大且分布均匀,是许多水产物种遗传研究的理想标记,因此快速发展了几种高通量、快速的SNP标记分型平台。本研究利用Golden Gate分析技术对鲤Cyprinus carpio转录组测序的1 536个SNP标记合成了一张中等密度SNP芯片,对5个鲤群体的480份样本进行基因分型。结果表明:1 235个SNP标记成功分型,约占80%;915个标记至少在一个家系中呈现多态性,占74.1%;标记最小等位基因频率(MAF)介于0.05~0.5之间,平均为0.334,其中48.9%的标记最小等位基因频率(MAF)大于平均值;5个群体中SNP标记平均多态性信息含量(PIC)在0.3左右,为中度多态,杂合度为0.010~0.990,平均为0.5左右,暗示群体具有丰富的遗传多态性,育种价值及性状改良潜力很大。本研究分型的多态性SNP标记可广泛应用于遗传多样性研究、标记-性状关联分析以及分子标记辅助育种。     

用酶联免疫吸附受体法检测鱼类生长激素的生物活性

根据激素一受体反应的原理，结合酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和放射受体测定法（ＲＲＡ）的优点，应用我们纯化的Ａ昌鱼生长激素（ｇｃＧＨ）和大鳞大马哈鱼生长激素（ｓＧＨ）及其特异抗体，采用鱼类肝细胞膜受体制剂，首次建立了测定鱼类ＧＨ生物活性的酶联免疫吸附受体测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ－ＲＡ）。此法检测草鱼ＧＨ的灵敏度达０．０６３￣０．１２５ｕｇ／ｍｌ，检测大马哈鱼ＧＨ与草鱼肝膜受体结合的灵敏度达０．２５ｕｇ     

Aquatic birnavirus induces apoptosis through activated caspase-8 and -3 in a zebrafish cell line

In this study, the possible influence of temperature on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)-induced apoptosis in a zebrafish liver epithelium (ZLE) cell line was investigated. At a lower temperature (18 degrees C), there was expression of viral proteins VP2 and VP3 at 4 h post-infection (p.i.). At this time no expression was found in the high temperature group at 28 degrees C. The cell survival ratio was 52 and 18% at 24 and 48 h p.i., respectively, during IPNV infection at 18 degrees C. In addition, we assayed for apoptosis in IPNV-infected cells with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated end labelling (TUNEL) of DNA at different dosages of virus. We found a ratio of apoptotic cells of 8 and 25% at 12 and 18 h p.i., respectively, in the multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1 group. The MOI 10 group had 20 and 45% apoptotic cells at 12 and 18 h, respectively. Furthermore, at 18 degrees C IPNV activated the caspase-8 and 3 from 1.5 to 2 times at 12 and 18 h p.i., respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that successful virus replication occurs at the low temperature (18 degrees C) compared with the non-permissive temperature of 28 degrees C. Thus, IPNV replication is capable of activating caspase-8 and -3 and inducing host apoptosis.     

Cloning and expression of a surface immunogenic protein in Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from fish and its application in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays to diagnose S. dysgalactiae infections in fish

Lancefield group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae (GCSD) causes severe necrotic lesions in the caudal peduncle in the genus Seriola farmed in Japan. To develop a sero‐diagnostic method for GCSD infection in farmed fish, we attempted to identify a surface immunogenic protein that induces an antibody after infection with GCSD by immunoblot analysis using sera collected from infected fish. A protein obtained from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extracts of GCSD was identified as S. dysgalactiae surface immunogenic protein (Sd‐Sip). Sd‐Sip exhibited more than 94% homology with a surface antigen or a hypothetical protein from S. dysgalactiae mammalian isolates at the nucleotide sequence level. Expression of the recombinant Sd‐Sip (rSd‐Sip) was confirmed by immunoblot analysis, that is, its reactivity to GCSD‐infected sera. Antibody detection ELISA using rSd‐Sip and their usefulness for diagnosis of GCSD infection were examined. GCSD‐infected sera collected from farmed amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso), showed strong reaction with immobilized rSd‐Sip. Meanwhile, sera immunized by other pathogenic bacteria of fish were showed ELISA values similar to those of non‐infected sera. These results of this study suggest that the antibody detection ELISA using rSd‐Sip is an effective diagnostic method for GCSD infection in fish.     

农杆菌浸润瞬时表达分析番木瓜miR162a的研究

农杆菌浸润瞬时表达方法不仅在蛋白互作、鉴定基因沉默抑制子及基因功能研究方面得到广泛应用,目前还应用在小RNA的研究中.在对植物microRNA的研究中,农杆菌浸润方法通过将将转基因导入农杆菌浸润本生烟瞬时表达,可以快速、稳定地对植物microRNA进行检测和鉴定,样品在几天内就可分析完成,比获得稳定遗传的转基因有优势.笔者借鉴国外拟南芥microRNA瞬时表达分析的方法,克隆了番木瓜的miR62a前体序列连接到双元表达载体pSuper1300上构建成35S::cpa-miR162a质粒,导人农杆菌GV3101后浸润本生烟,浸润后48 h提取本生烟叶片总RNA后通过miRNA northern blot检测到miR162a,而本生烟和番木瓜自身则无法检测到低丰度的miR162a.本文介绍的农杆菌浸润瞬时表达方法能够在体外加工产生成熟的miRNA,该技术有助于对microRNA的结构-功能的相关性及靶标验证进一步研究.     

酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测苏云金杆菌伴孢晶体蛋白质研究

用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测Bt伴孢晶体毒素蛋白质,最低可检值7.79ng/0.15ml,灵敏、精确,具高度专化性。测定标准品HI—1—S—1980和Bt乳剂产品中伴孢晶体蛋白质含量,分别为108.06mg/g粉剂和4.57—6.17mg/ml乳剂。用标准品与待测样品(Bt乳剂)的晶体蛋白质含量,就可计算出待测样品的相对毒力效价。ELISA与昆虫生测之间有良好的相关性。     

肌肉注射硫酸安普霉素在猪体内的药代动力学和生物利用度研究

对6头健康猪单剂量静脉注射、肌肉注射国产硫酸安普霉素,研究其在猪体内的药代动力学和生物利用度.用微生物法测定血清药物浓度,结果平均回收率为99.03%,血清最低检测浓度为0.05μg/ml,日内日间变异系数为2.2%～5.1%,且血清浓度在0.05～3μg/ml范围呈良好线性关系(r＝0.9965).对猪静注、肌注硫酸安普霉素20mg/kg后,经MCPKP药代动力学计算机程序处理,体内药物运转符合开放型二室模型,肌肉注射0.856h后达峰药浓度Cmax为36.09±1.22μg/ml;t1/2分别为1.58±0.67h、1.06±0.11h,CLB分别为0.15L/kg/h、0.17 L/kg/h,V1分别为0.71L/kg、0.1L/kg,绝对生物利用度为AUC i.m/AUC i.v＝88.47%±3.32%,上述药代动力学数据为动物临床用药提供有价值的理论依据.     

Production and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of beet mild yellowing luteovirus and related strains

A sugar-beet-infecting isolate of beet mild yellowing luteovirus (BMYV), and aBrassica-infecting isolate of beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV) were used to produce monoclonal antibodies for epidemiological studies with BMYV and related field strains. Thirty-four monoclonal antibodies were tested for their reaction with 9 luteoviruses in triple-antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One (MAFF 24) is now routinely used in the UK for detecting BMYV and BWYV in plants and aphids, although it does not discriminate between them. Heterologous reactions were detected between some of the monoclonal antibodies and potato leafroll virus (PLRV), bean leafroll virus (BLRV) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-RPV). 38% of antibodies raised to BWYV reacted with PLRV compared with 4% of those raised to BMYV. Monoclonal antibodies were produced which distinguished a sugar-beet-infecting isolate of BMYV with differing host range and serological properties from the commonly-occurring field strain.     

Comparison of antibody values in sera of pigs vaccinated with a subunit or an attenuated vaccine against classical swine fever

Ten pigs, aged 85 days, were vaccinated with a subunit vaccine containing 32 g of classical swine fever virus glycoprotein E2 (gp E2) (group 1), and a further 10 pigs were vaccinated with a C strain vaccine (10^4±0.15 TCID₅₀/ml), produced by amplification in minipig kidney (MPK) cell culture (group 2). Nine non-vaccinated pigs served as a control group (group 3). Serum samples were collected before (day 0) and at 4, 10, 21 and 28 days after vaccination and were analysed by two commercially available enzyme immunoassays and by a neutralizing peroxidase-linked assay (NPLA). At the same times, peripheral blood was taken for determining the total leukocyte count and the body temperature was taken daily. Antibodies were not detected in serum samples collected before vaccination (day 0), and no side-effects that could be connected with vaccination were observed during the trial. Ten days after vaccination 6/10 pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine were seropositive. On days 21 and 28, the ratios of serologically positive to vaccinated pigs were 9/10 and 10/10, respectively. Four of the ten pigs that were vaccinated with the C strain vaccine were positive on day 21 and 9/10 on day 28. However, the results of the NPLA showed that only 4/10 pigs had an antibody titre >1:32 at the end of the trial in both the vaccinated groups, even though the subunit vaccine initiated an earlier and higher level of neutralizing antibodies than the vaccine produced from the C strain. Challenge was performed 28 days after vaccination on four randomly selected pigs from both vaccinated groups. The pigs survived the challenge without showing any clinical signs of classical swine fever (CSF), while two nonvaccinated control pigs died on the 10th and 12th days after infection.     

In vitro analysis of antiangiogenic activity of fungi isolated from clinical cases of equine keratomycosis

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this project was to explore the possibility that fungal organisms produce metabolites that inhibit angiogenesis. Procedures Fungal cultures were obtained from cases of keratomycosis, grown in Sabouraud's dextrose broth, and sterile filtered for use in experiments. The Matrigel assay was used to screen the filtrate samples for antiangiogenic activity. Matrigel is a basement membrane matrix that supports the differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells into a capillary-like network of tubules. HUVE cells were cultured using standard techniques and passaged at confluence, with all cells being used at passage 3-6. HUVE cells (40 000 cells) were pipetted into each well of a 24-well tissue-culture plate coated with Matrigel. An aliquot of fungal media filtrate was added to each well and the plates allowed to incubate for 18 h, at which time they were evaluated for tubule formation. RESULTS: Two fungal isolates showed inhibition of tubule formation. The addition of 100, 200 and 400 &mgr;L of the fungal media filtrate from the first isolate (Fusarium sp. 99A34574) produced a consistent and dose-dependent inhibition of tubule formation. The second isolate (Aspergillus sp. 271599) did not show inhibition of tubule formation with 100 or 200 &mgr;L added to the wells, however, it did show inhibition at 400 &mgr;L/well. The remaining three isolates did not cause inhibition at any concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that certain fungal organisms produce metabolites that inhibit tubule formation in vitro, and that these metabolites may play a significant role in altering the host vascular response to fungal infections of the cornea.