Inducible nitric oxide synthase and arterial pressure regulation

AIM and METHODS:To clarify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of blood pressure,in the present study, we examined the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of iNOS on the hemodinamical response of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats to low (0.3%) or high (8%) sodium chloride (NaCl) infusion by chronical in vivo hemodynamic experiment, and the effect of NaCl or NaCl plus AG infusion on urinary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂), the end product of nitric oxide (NO), excretion by Greiss Reaction. Furthermore, NOS activity assay was also carried out to probe the effect of NaCl and AG on calcium-dependent or independent NOS activity in renal tissue. RESULTS:1. High or low NaCl-infused DR rats and low NaCl-infused DS rats have no hemodinamical response to AG, however, the hypertensive effect of high NaCl (8%) infusion on DS rats were greatly amplified by co-infusion of AG. 2. Administration of high NaCl significantly elevated the iNOS activity of renal tissue, and greatly increased urinary NO₃/NO₂ excretion. CONCLUSION:Inducible NOS is an important modulator of arterial pressure, especially in case of higher blood pressure.     

Protective effects of multi-enzyme Ⅱ on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by hyperlipidemia serum

AIM and METHODS: The protective effects of multi-enzyme Ⅱ was studied on cultured endothelial cells which was injuried by hyperlipidemia serum. RESULTS: Hyperlipidemia serum increased ICAM-1 expression on the surface of endothelial cells, and decreased NO₂^- release significantly (P＜0.01). ICAM-1 expression could be reduced and NO₂^- release could be enhanced markedly by multi-enzyme Ⅱ (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Multi-enzyme Ⅱ had an obvious protective effect on vascular endothelial cells which was injuried by hyperlipidemia seurm. Multi-enzyme Ⅱ could clean out oxide free radicals effectively because it had the acitive structure of both SOD and CAT.     

Effects of oxidized high-density lipoprotein on membrane fluidity and the expression of lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 of monocyte

AIM: To investigate the effects of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) on membrane fluidity and the expression of lymphocyte function associated antigen(LFA-1) of monocyte. METHODS: The membrane fluidity of THP-1 cells was assayed by fluorescence anisotropy with DPH (1,6-dipheny-1,3,5-hexatriene), a fluorescent probe; The LFA-1 expression on THP-1 cells were assayed by flow cytometry with indirect immunofluorescence.RESULTS: The membrane fluidity of THP-1 cells was reduced by 45% and 52% respectively (P＜0.01) after incubation with 100 μg protein/mL oxHDL and oxLDL for 20 h; oxHDL could stimulated the expression of LFA-1 on THP-1 cells, the positive cell rate and mean fluoresence intensity (MFI) increased by 39% and 45% respectively versus control group (P＜0.01) after incubation with cells for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: By increasing the expression of LFA-1 on monocyte, oxHDL can promote the monocyte-endothelium adhesion; oxHDL also can reduce the membrane fluidity of monocyte, that will limit the returning of monocytes from subendothelium back to the circulation. This suggested that oxHDL may play an important role in atherogenesis.     

Relationship between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease

AIM: To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E(apoE) gene polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: A case-control study was undertaken detecting the polymorphism of apoE by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).RESULTS:(1)The frequencies of 3/4 genotype and 4 al ele in AD were significant ly higher than that in age-matched controls(P<0.05).(2)The frequency of G/G genotype for apoE IE1 in AD was significantly higher than that in age-mat ched control(P<0.05).(3)The apoE 4 al ele was associated with a tripling of the risk for AD compared with no 4 allele(odd ratio 2.932, 95%CI 1.379~6.226);Homozygosity of the G allele in IE1 was associated with adoubling of the risk for AD compared with the G/C and C/C genotypes(odd rat io 2.223, 95%CI 1.075~4.599).However, the IE1 G al ele is also closely associated with apoE 4.When the sample was split on the basis of apo Egenotype, the associat ion between IE1 G/G genotype and AD was no longer statistically significant.CONCLUSION: ApoE ε4 was a risk factor of AD, and the apparent association between IE1 G/G and AD is a consequence of the association between the ε4 and IE1 G/G genotype.     

Experimental research on cardiac fibrosis induced by recombinant mouse interleukin-11 in mice

AIM To observe the effect of recombinant mouse interleukin-11 （rmIL-11）injected subcutaneously into mice on heart structure and function and to determine its pro-fibrotic effect. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The mice in experimental group were injected subcutaneously with recombinant mouse IL-11 at the dose of 100 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 3 consecutive weeks, while the control group were given equal volume of normal saline in the same way. After the experiment was finished, the parameters of heart function were measured by echocardiography.The heart weight was weighed and the cardiac weight index (CWI) was calculated. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to observe the pathological changes and the extent of myocardial fibrosis in mouse myocardia respectively, and the cardiac collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. The expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardial tissues of mice, including type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening in experimental group were obviously lower than those in control group (P<0.01), however left ventricular end-diastolic diamension and left ventricular end systolic dimension were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the CWI was increased (P<0.01), the myocardial arrangement was disorder, the necrosis of cardiac myocytes was increased, and excessive deposition of collagen was observed in the myocardial tissues in experimental group. Correspondingly, the CVF and protein levels of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin in the left ventricle in experimental group were increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Injection of rmIL-11 into the mice subcutaneously induces fibrogenesis in the heart, which implies that IL-11 is likely a novel pro-fibrotic factor.     

盐度变化对军曹鱼稚鱼相关免疫因子及其生长的影响

研究了盐度(5、10、20、30及对照37)对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)稚鱼生长及其血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、旁路途径补体(ACP)溶血活性(ACH50)和总免疫球蛋白(T-Ig)含量等免疫因子的影响。实验周期为14 d。结果表明,在逐渐达到设定盐度后养殖14 d,盐度30组稚鱼特定生长率(SGR)最高(5.77%/d),而盐度5和10组的SGR(分别为4.24%/d和4.38%/d)显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。在低盐度环境中血清溶菌酶活性在第7天各组都有不同程度升高,其中以盐度20组升高最为显著,其次为盐度10和30组,但第14天各组溶菌酶活性又都回落至对照组水平;而稚鱼在低盐度环境中血清ALP活性受到明显抑制,且活性与盐度呈一定正相关;各组间ACP活性在第7天各盐度组间无明显差异,但实验结束时盐度5和10两组出现显著升高;而T-Ig含量在盐度10组中始终明显高于其他组。研究显示,军曹鱼稚鱼在盐度20~37范围内都可正常生长,尽管稚鱼有较强的低盐度耐受能力,但过低盐度明显影响其生长率并导致体色变黑、蛀鳍和应激增强等异常表现。此外,盐度变化还影响稚鱼多种免疫相关因子。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):120-125]     

试论公共图书馆在"农家书屋"建设中的作用

"农家书屋"建设是我国公共文化服务建设的重大项目,是全国新闻出版服务社会主义新农村建设的重要举措.公共图书馆作为知识与信息的中心,公共文化服务的重要组成部分,应充分利用自身资源优势,主动与新闻出版部门合作,共同将"农家书屋"建设得更加规范、更具活力.     

不同朝天椒种质资源品质和产量的综合评价

为了筛选适应贵州地区种植的朝天椒品种,以资源圃收集的48份朝天椒种质资源为研究对象,对其粗脂肪、蛋白质、维生素C、辣椒素、粗纤维、干物质等6项品质指标和产量进行测定,并利用隶属函数值法和聚类分析法对所得数据进行综合评价分析。结果表明：48份朝天椒种质资源的品质和产量存在较大差异。其中,粗脂肪含量范围在0.12~0.71 g/100 g之间,平均含量为0.47 g/100 g,品种‘黔辣10号’含量最高;蛋白质含量范围在2.36~3.67 g/100 g之间,平均含量为2.90 g/100 g,品种‘DZ-33’含量最高;维生素C含量范围在48.51~74.64 mg/100 g之间,平均含量为59.07 mg/100 g,品种‘子弹头’含量最高;辣椒素含量范围在6.63~72.54 mg/100 g之间,平均含量为31.49 mg/100 g,品种‘香脆白米椒’含量最高;粗纤维含量范围在2.32%~10.45%之间,平均含量为7.59%,品种‘黔辣18号’含量最高;干物质含量范围在11.12%~20.98%之间,平均含量为15.66%,品种‘单生理想’含量最高;干椒产量范围在189.66~442.81 kg/667 m²之间,平均产量为304.62 kg/667 m²,品种‘2018-70’平均干椒产量最高。6项品质指标的平均隶属度值在0.29~0.75之间,相差0.46,种质资源间差异较大。聚类分析可将48份朝天椒种质资源分为3大类群,第Ⅰ类群包括26份种质资源,占总资源数的54.17%,6项品质指标的平均含量和平均干椒产量都处于居中水平;第Ⅱ类群包括16份种质资源,占总资源数的33.33%,6项品质指标的平均含量都处于最低水平,但平均干椒产量处于最高水平;第Ⅲ类群包括6份种质资源,占总资源数的12.50%,6项品质指标的平均含量都处于最高水平,综合品质表现最好,但平均干椒产量最低。开展朝天椒种质资源品质和产量的综合评价分析,可为朝天椒种质资源的创新利用以及新品种选育奠定基础。     

烟碱乙酰胆碱受体及其与新烟碱类相互作用的研究进展

对烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的结构与功能、配体结合部位、门控机理以及与新烟碱类的相互作用进行了综述,并对nAChRs亚基基因突变和敲除对新烟碱类和多杀菌素敏感性的影响进行了讨论。nAChRs在脊椎动物和昆虫的胆碱能突触的快速神经传递中起着重要作用,其在昆虫中仅存在于中枢神经系统(CNS)中,而在脊椎动物中同时存在于CNS和神经肌肉连接处。nAChRs是新烟碱类杀虫剂、多杀菌素和杀螟丹的作用靶标。肌肉和CNS中的nAChRs是一个由两个α和三个非α(β,γ和δ)亚基组成的异数五聚体,该受体主要有三部分:一个在细胞外发现的区域(胞外区)、一个位于膜内的区域(跨膜区),另一个是位于细胞内的区域(胞质区)。每个亚基(从N-C端)都具有一个包含乙酰胆碱(ACh)结合部位的细胞外结构域;4个跨膜结构域(M1~4),其中M2的大部分氨基酸位于离子通道的内壁;一个胞质噜扑(loop)和一个胞外C端。通道门位于孔道内的疏水区。ACh结合部位位于天然和功能受体的两个亚基的界面,是由一个亚基的3个噜扑(A-C)和另一个亚基的3个噜扑(D-F)构成。每当受体与ACh(或其他激动剂)分子结合时,M2 α螺旋体的构象发生改变,使通道开启,处于阳离子传导状态,直至一个或两个激动剂分子从结合口袋解离,通道才关闭。如果激动剂一直存在,并反复结合,则通道处于脱敏状态。nAChRs与新烟碱类的各种选择性作用取决于新烟碱类的结构以及nAChRs的亚基组成。     

母乳活性成分对婴儿免疫健康的影响研究进展

母乳被公认为婴儿营养的“黄金”标准和婴儿的最佳食物,由于母乳中多种生物活性成分的存在,使其为婴幼儿提供除营养外的其他益处,如免疫保护。本文综述母乳活性成分乳铁蛋白、母乳低聚糖、核苷酸、1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯和益生菌对婴儿免疫健康的影响,同时对市售11个产品的婴儿配方乳粉可选择性成分进行分析,为婴儿配方乳粉可选择性成分的选择提供理论依据。