Responsible antimicrobial use in critically ill adult horses

Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance, pressure on veterinarians is mounting to adhere to responsible use of antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobials are frequently included in the treatment of systemically ill horses due to the strong likelihood of an infection and the innate difficulties in differentiating systemic inflammation secondary to noninfectious from infectious causes. In light of increasing antimicrobial drug resistance and the potential negative impact of antimicrobials on equine patients, every attempt should be made to identify noninfectious disease, choose first-line antimicrobials and discontinue treatment as soon as possible. In most cases, a short duration of antimicrobial therapy ranging from a single dose (e.g. preoperatively) to 24–72 h might be sufficient with long-term treatment being rarely required. This article aims to provide practical guidelines for antimicrobial drug usage in critically ill adult horses by describing ancillary diagnostic aids that can help establishing whether or not an infection is present, discussing commonly encountered pathogens and their typical antimicrobial drug sensitivity patterns, and providing some guidance how to safely shorten the duration of antimicrobial therapy.     

氮磷钾肥对南板蓝穿孔病发生及防治的影响

运用试验设计及数理统计的方法探讨了氮磷钾肥对南板蓝穿孔病危害程度的影响及该病的防治措施。在南板蓝的栽培周期内,南板蓝穿孔病在7月12日前后的危害最重。在尿素、碳铵、硝铵3种肥料中,使用尿素时南板蓝穿孔病的发生率最低,危害程度最轻。氮、钾肥的施用量及氮、磷肥的合理配施对南板蓝穿孔病的防治具有重要作用。     

生命的磨难 灵魂的挣扎

疾病给卢照邻带来了深重的生命磨难, 他在感到空前的人生孤独和痛苦中, 发愤创作。他的病中创作表现出非同寻常的肉体与精神的痛苦, 展示了一个身染沉疴的人丰富复杂的内心世界: 绝境中无可底止的精神苦闷和强烈的痛愤, 绝望中灵魂的挣扎, 以及对社会、人生的思考, 对命运、生命的追问。他将生命的感悟有机地渗透在人生、生命、社会和历史文化的记录中, 为文学史留下了一笔宝贵的精神财富。     

Increased Lactate Concentrations in III and Injured Dogs

Venous blood lactate concentrations were measured on 109 ill dogs and 20 clinically normal dogs. Ill dogs were grouped into survivor and nonsurvivor groups, and categorized based on their primary problem. Ninety-five percent of ill dogs had lactate concentrations higher than clinically normal dogs and published normal values. Seventy-six percent of ill dogs with increased lactate concentrations survived to be discharged. Lactate concentrations were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors and clinically normal dogs. Lactate concentrations in dogs with major trauma and intoxications, and with cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurologic problems were significantly higher than in clinically normal dogs and dogs with other problems. (Vet Emerg & Crit Care, 1998; 8: 117–127)