玉米秸秆与污泥的腐解物对盐碱地化学指标的影响

为探索发酵后的玉米秸秆对内蒙古地区盐碱化土壤化学性质(有机质、ESP,pH值、EC、土壤代换性Na~+)的影响,在实验室条件下以污泥作为接种物,将玉米秸秆在不同发酵的条件下以不同梯度的秸秆还田量施加到盐碱化土壤中,以施加未发酵的玉米秸秆为对照。结果显示:(1)施加玉米秸秆对土壤的部分化学性质有着一定的改善,且发酵后的玉米秸秆比未发酵的玉米秸秆效果要好;(2)当玉米秸秆与污泥的配比为2∶1且秸秆还田量为75%时,土壤的有机质含量上升幅度最大,土壤的ESP、pH值、土壤代换性Na~+降低幅度最大;(3)施加玉米秸秆对土壤的EC作用不明显,反而使EC的含量有所上升,施用发酵后的玉米秸秆尤为明显。综合考虑,在本试验条件下针对该土壤最佳参数为:玉米秸秆与污泥配比为2∶1,发酵后的玉米秸秆还田量为75%。     

咸水冰融化与土壤入渗过程不同盐分离子迁移规律研究

通过模拟试验及大田试验研究了咸水冰融化过程及土壤入渗过程不同盐分离子迁移分布规律,以期揭示咸水冰融水水质变化机理及咸水结冰灌溉对土壤盐分分布的影响。试验结果表明,咸水冰融化过程各离子含量均急速下降,但不同离子融出速度不同,各离子融出比例高低次序为Cl->Mg2+>K+>Na+>SO42->Ca2+>HCO3-;离子融出速度的不同,导致融水离子组成发生变化,最终使融水钠吸附比下降,pH值上升。咸水结冰灌溉使0～80 cm土体中除HCO3-增加6.85%以外,其余各离子均表现为下降,各离子淋出比例由高到低为Mg2+>Cl->Ca2+>Na+>K+>SO42->HCO3-;Cl-、Na+淋出比例不是最高,但在总淋出盐分中所占的比例分别达到了62.01%和21.96%。咸水结冰灌溉改变了土壤的离子组成,使土壤表层产生碱化趋势,因此,咸水结冰灌溉应当配合一定措施防止土壤碱化。     

暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存技术研究

旨在对暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存技术进行研究,以期为规模化繁殖的暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存提供依据。利用清水、0.5%盐水、1.0%盐水、1.5%盐水和直接冷藏等方式处理被暗黑赤眼蜂寄生的麦蛾卵,研究其低温贮藏技术。结果表明：与对照相比较,0.5%、1.0%和1.5%盐水处理后能够显著提高暗黑赤眼蜂的羽化率、降低其羽化畸形率;45 天以内,各浓度盐水处理的暗黑赤眼蜂单雌产卵量与对照之间差异不显著,表明在此时间内利用盐水处理可显著保持暗黑赤眼蜂的单雌产卵量;冷藏90 天后,暗黑赤眼蜂雌雄比例开始增大,75 天后,暗黑赤眼蜂的雌雄比例失调较为严重。研究表明：冷藏时间的增加不利于暗黑赤眼蜂各项指标的发育,但0.5%、1.0%和1.5%盐水处理后能在一定程度上减少负面影响,是羽化率、羽化畸形率、雌虫寿命、单雌产卵量和雌雄比例等指标的有利因素。     

Using shallow saline groundwater for irrigation and regulating for soil salt-water regime

Drought and fresh water shortage are the main limiting factorsfor sustainable development of agriculture in North China Plain.Using saline water for irrigation plays important role forovercoming the constraints and increasing crops yields. Theexploitation and utilization of shallow saline groundwaterenables to regulate the groundwater depth and to promote thetransform of precipitation into available water resources.Thispaper reviews the research and practice on the utilization ofshallow saline groundwater in the part east of South GreatCanal in Haihe River Plain. Findings are presented on the useof saline water, cycling and blending of saline and fresh waterfor irrigation, indexing of crops salt tolerances, regulating forsoil salt-water regime, saline-alkali land reclamation andgroundwater quality freshening. These approaches help therational regulation and utilization of the local water resourcesfor comprehensive control of drought, waterlogging and salinity.     

Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.     

盐碱地低盐水池塘网箱套养漠斑牙鲆技术研究

根据漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)适广温、广盐和较强的抗逆性等优良生态习性,采用地下卤水、盐碱地渗水,通过合理淡水配兑使其适合漠斑牙鲆生理生长需求,在我国中纬度地区利用盐碱地低盐水养殖过洋、暖温性漠斑牙鲆。2004-2005年,利用盐碱地低盐水池塘虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆349.5m2,产鱼3.749t,产虾55.065t,其中2005年虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆306m2,产鱼3.245t,平均10.6kg/m2,平均全长34.0cm,体重527.4g,养殖成活率为90.5%,产虾49.003t,平均408.4kg/亩,平均规格11.9cm,养殖成活率为71.23%。虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆,可充分利用水体空间,促使池塘高产高效,提高养殖经济效益。     

灌溉水矿化度及盐分带入量对小麦相对产量影响的统计分析

在搜集、统计大量咸水灌溉试验资料的基础上,选取咸水充分灌溉条件下矿化度和小麦产量的完整对应数据103组,统计分析了灌溉水矿化度及单位面积盐分带入量对小麦相对产量的影响,结果表明,随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,小麦相对产量呈线性递减趋势,当矿化度大于1.0 g/L时,灌溉水矿化度每增加1 g/L,小麦减产约5.6%;与矿化度类似,随着单位面积盐分带入量的增加,小麦的相对产量也线性降低,盐分带入量每增加1000 kg/hm2,小麦的产量将减少约2%。进一步的检验结果显示,应用灌溉水矿化度及单位面积盐分带入量均可较为可靠地估算小麦的相对产量,估算相对误差基本可控制在16%以内。     

北方半湿润滨海地区海水养殖废水灌溉菊芋研究

2007年3~10月,在山东莱州海洋863中试基地,研究了海水养殖废水灌溉条件下,耐盐能源植物菊芋的盐胁迫响应以及对氮、磷的吸收利用机制。结果表明:海水养殖废水灌溉条件下,菊芋地上部生物量(茎、叶)随着灌溉水盐度(S)的增加明显下降,盐度为9.46 g/L的养殖废水处理生物量仅为淡水处理(CK2)的62.5%;地下部生物量(根、块茎)与盐度之间的关系符合一元二次方程曲线,且当盐度为3.83 g/L时,地下部生物量取得最大值(0.205 kg/株)。养殖废水处理菊芋地上部氮浓度明显低于淡水处理,地下部则各灌溉水处理间氮浓度没有明显差异;磷浓度地上部各灌溉水处理间没有明显差异,但地下部养殖废水灌溉处理明显高于淡水处理,表明海水养殖废水灌溉可以促进菊芋对磷的吸收,但氮利用受到显著影响。通过氮、磷通量计算,进一步证实了这一结果。     

Hypertonic NaCl-NaAc improves the microcirculation in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock

AIM: To study the effects of hypertonic NaCl-NaAc on microcirculation in hemorrhage-shocked rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomized into three groups of 7.5% NaCl(hypertonic saline, HS), 5% NaCl-3.5% NaAc(hypertonic sodium acetate, HSA) and 0.9% NaCl(normal saline, NS). 4 mL/kg HS, HSA or NS was given intravenously following hemorrhagic shock. The microcirculation of spinotrapezius muscle was observed.RESULTS: HS increased mean aortic pressure more significant than HSA. Variables including arteriolar and venular diameter, velocity and volumetric flow rate and open capillaries were increased and erythrocyte aggregation was decreased in 5 min after resuscitation with both HS and HSA solutions.5 min later, variables were deteriorated in HS group.After local treatment, arteriolar and venular diameters were dilated significantly in HSA group.CONCLUSION:HSA had superior effects to HS in improving microcirculation of hemorrhage-shocked rats.     

不同基因型燕麦苗期耐盐碱性分析 及其鉴定指标的筛选

为探讨不同基因型燕麦苗期的耐盐碱性,筛选适宜松嫩平原种植的燕麦品种,本研究采用Hoagland营养液水培法,以250 mmol·L^-1高浓度NaHCO₃胁迫模拟松嫩平原盐碱环境,对49份来自国内外不同地区的主栽燕麦品种进行研究。试验测定了250 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃胁迫下燕麦的株高（X₁）、根长（X₂）、地上部鲜重（X₃）、地下部鲜重（X₄）、地上部干重（X₅）、地下部干重（X₆）、地上部含水量（X₇）、地下部含水量（X₈）、根冠比（X₉）9个指标,以各单项指标的耐盐碱系数(SATC) 作为衡量耐盐碱性的依据,利用多元分析方法对不同燕麦品种耐盐碱能力进行了综合评价。结果表明：通过对各指标的耐盐碱系数进行主成分分析,得到X₄、X₇、X₈ 3个综合指标,涵盖了全部数据86.155%的信息量;通过隶属函数分析和聚类分析将49份燕麦品种分为3类,其中草莜1号、张燕7、T7等3个品种为耐盐碱品种,HLJ 1、白燕2号等41个品种为中度耐盐碱品种,三分三、坝莜13号等5个品种为盐碱敏感品种。