Disease complex in coffee involving Meloidogyne arabicida and Fusarium oxysporum

Coffee corky-root disease, also called corchosis, was first detected in 1974 in a small area of Costa Rica where the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arabicida is the dominant species. An epidemiological study revealed a constant association between Meloidogyne spp. and Fusarium sp. in cases of corky root. No corky root appears to have been reported in association with Meloidogyne exigua , which is the prevalent root-knot nematode on coffee in Costa Rica. Fusarium spp. are often cited as components of disease complexes in association with nematodes. Combined inoculations using M. arabicida or M. exigua with Fusarium oxysporum under controlled conditions showed that only the combination with M. arabicida produced corky-root symptoms on Coffea arabica cvs Caturra or Catuai. Fusarium oxysporum alone was nonpathogenic. Meloidogyne exigua or M. arabicida alone caused galls and reduction in shoot height, but no corky-root symptoms. When cultivars susceptible and resistant to M. arabicida were studied under field conditions for 5 years, all the susceptible cultivars exhibited corky-root symptoms on 40–80% of their root systems. Cultivars that were resistant to M. arabicida but not to M. exigua showed no corky root. These observations lead to the conclusion that corky-root disease has a complex etiology, and emphasize the dominant role of M. arabicida as a predisposing agent to subsequent invasion by F. oxysporum . Consequently, genetic resistance to M. arabicida appears to provide an effective strategy against the disease.     

草原退化对土壤有机矿质复合体中结合态腐殖质影响

草原退化引起的土壤性质的变化会影响腐殖质与矿质颗粒的结合状态 ,本文对采自草原退化前后的土壤样品分级提取不同粒径的土壤有机矿质复合体 ,然后用不同的浸提剂提取复合体中结合状态不同的腐殖质 ,对其含量、分布和组成在草原退化前后的变化进行了分析 ,得出了土壤各粒级复合体中腐殖质主要以松、紧结合态形式存在 ,并且主要集中在粘粒和粉粒级复合体中 ;草原退化时土壤腐殖质的减少主要是粘粒细粉粒级复合体 ,其次是粗粉粒级复合体中松态腐殖质减少的贡献 ;而松态腐殖质的减少又主要是 HA的减少等结论     

某极度酸化的酸性硫酸盐土壤中可溶性和交换性酸的特征

An extremely acidified acid sulfate soil(ASS) was investigated to characterise its soluble and exchangeable acidity,The results showed that soluble acidity of a sample dtermined by titration with a KOH soulution was much significantly greater than that indicated by pH measured using a pH meter,paricularly for the extremely acidic soil samples,This is because the total soluble acidity of the extremely acidic soil samples was mainly composed of various soluble Al and Fe species,possibly in forms of Al sulfate complexes(e.g.,AlSO4^ ) and feerous Fe(Fe^2 )_,It is therefore suggested not to use pH alone as an indicator of soluble acidity in ASS,particularly for extremely acidic ASS,It is also likely that AlSO4^ actively participated in cation exchange reactions.It appears that the possible involvement of this Al sulfate cation in the cation adsorption has significant effect on increasing the amount of acidity being adsorbed by the soils.     

对偶性与特大增量步算法在复杂平面框架中的应用

特大增量步算法（LIM）是一种基于力法和广义逆矩阵理论的迭代算法,在简单桁架和刚架非线性初步应用中,达到相同计算精度下有同等甚至超过位移有限元的计算效率。针对工程中的复杂杆系结构,利用平衡与协调的对偶性,探讨LIM在复杂平面框架结构中的应用,建立了平面框架结构的LIM基本方程,提出了针对典型支座约束以及组合结点的处理方法。该处理方法的线弹性问题算例表明,与位移有限元相比具有至少同等的精度和相当的计算效率。在支座本身不考虑塑性的情况下,该处理方法同样适用于弹塑性问题,为LIM在复杂杆系结构的弹塑性分析中奠定了基础。     

An immune-complex glomerulonephritis of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum)

Chinook salmon from New Zealand were shown to have a generalized membranous glomerulonephritis that was most severe in large fish. Marked thickening of the glomerular basement membrane was the most consistent lesion, with the presence of an electron-dense deposit beneath the capillary endothelium.Severely affected glomeruli also had expansion of the mesangium and loss of capillaries,synechiae of the visceral and parietal epithelium and mild fibrosis of Bowmans capsule. Chinook salmon from British Columbia, Canada with bacterial kidney disease caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum had similar histological lesions. They also had thickened glomerular basement membranes that were recognized by rabbit antiserum to rainbow trout immunoglobulin. This was true only when frozen sections of kidney were used and not formalin-fixed tissue. An attempt to experimentally produce a glomerulopathy in rainbow trout by repeated immunization with killed R. salmoninarum was not successful. Case records from the Fish Pathology Laboratory at the University of Guelph over a 10-year period revealed that a range of species were diagnosed with glomerulopathies similar to those seen in Chinook salmon. The majority of these cases were determined to have chronic inflammatory disease. This report has identified the presence of immunoglobulin within thickened basement membranes of Chinook salmon with glomerulonephritis and supports the existence of type III hypersensitivity in fish.     

不同铁效率大豆品种叶片和根系超微结构的比较研究

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用螯合铁肥(Fe-EDDHA)对不同铁效率大豆V4期叶片及根系超微结构的影响。结果表明:铁敏感品种缺铁处理下植株矮小且叶片发黄,而铁高效品种缺铁条件下植株稍小但叶色差异不大。两种处理下铁高效品种的叶绿素SPDA值无显著差异,铁敏感品种在缺铁条件下叶绿素SPDA值显著小于补铁条件下,也显著小于铁高效品种。铁敏感品种叶肉细胞中叶绿体和线粒体数量在两种处理下差异不大,但铁敏感品种缺铁处理下叶绿体不饱满呈长梭形且其中淀粉颗粒形状扁平,含量较少;铁高效品种在两种处理下线粒体和叶绿体数目差异不大,但总体上在补铁处理下叶肉细胞中淀粉颗粒的含量较高、颗粒较大。铁敏感品种根系细胞缺铁处理下形状不规则,细胞壁严重变形,原生质破裂外流且分布不均,细胞核及大部分细胞器有解体现象,而补铁处理下细胞结构则保持规则完整;铁高效品种在两种处理下根系细胞均规则完整,但补铁处理下原生质体浓厚且内含物较丰富。由此说明:缺铁胁迫对不同铁效率大豆品种植株大小、叶色、细胞超微结构都有影响,只是铁敏感品种受缺铁胁迫影响更大,而铁高效品种可能有较完善的耐低铁机制所以受缺铁胁迫影响较小。     

Effect of antiserum against complement C5b-9 complexes on nitric oxide(NO) synthesis and pathologic changes in renal tissue of ATSN rats

AIM: To explore the effect of antiserum against rat complement C5b-9 complexes on nitric oxide synthesis and pathologic changes in renal tissue of rats with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. METHEDS: The rat model of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis,namely,anti-thymocyte serum nephritis(ATSN) was established and the rats with ATSN were treated with antiserum against complement C5b-9 complexes. Some parameters related to NO and pathologic changes of the rats were observed.RESULTS: Anti-C5b-9 serum not only reduced the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) mRNA in renal tissue and urinary content of nitrate/nitrite(NO₃^-/ NO₂^-) of rats with ATSN, but also reduced renal pathologic changes. L-N G-nitro arginine methylester (L-NAME) also reduced the contents of urinary NO₃^-/NO₂^- and the renal pathologic changes of rats with ATSN. CONCLUSION: The antiserum against rat complement C5b-9 complexes inhibited glomerular NO synthesis and glomerular mesangial cell proliferation of rats with ATSN.     

Effects of tripterine on viability and apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts by regulating GINS2

AIM To explore the effects of tripterine on the viability and apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts （KFB） and its molecular mechanism. METHODS The KFB were treated with tripterine at low, medium and high doses. The cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RT-qPCR and Western blot were applied to determine the expression of GINS complex subunit 2 （GINS2）. The KFB were divided into si-NC group, si-GINS2 group, Exp+pcDNA group and Exp+pcDNA-GINS2 group, and the changes of cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the above methods. RESULTS After treatment with tripterine, the viability of KFB was decreased, the apoptotic rate was increased, and GINS2 expression was decreased in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. After knockdown of GINS2, the viability of KFB was decreased, and the apoptotic rate was increased （P<0.05）. Over-expression of GINS2 partially reversed the effect of tripterine on the viability and apoptosis of KFB （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Tripterine inhibits KFB viability and promotes the apoptosis by down-regulating GINS2.     

油茶果脱青皮机的设计

为找出油茶果工业化脱青皮的方法,针对其物料特性和脱青皮要求,分析对比常用脱皮机的结构原理及适用范围,确定了油茶果脱青皮机结构方案并设计出一种复合式油茶果脱青皮机。该机脱皮效果好,脱皮率达98％;结构简单,生产效率高,实现了油茶果脱青皮的机械化。     

草炭溶解态有机物质与Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)络合物的红外光谱

草炭有机质提取物胡敏酸、富里酸、水溶解态有机质的红外光谱研究显示 ,三者的含氧官能团组成相似 ,但基团含量差异较大 .胡敏酸、富里酸、水溶解态有机质与金属离子 (Cu2 +、Cd2 +、Pb2 +、Zn2 + )络合物的红外光谱表明 ,除 -COOH外 ,-OH、C=O、-NH2 等官能团也参与了对金属离子的络合 ,但不能很好地揭示哪种金属离子具有形成络合物的最大倾向