国内紫锥菊免疫调节作用研究进展

紫锥菊属植物,是原产于美洲的一类菊科野生花卉。紫锥菊以其免疫调节作用闻名于世。近年来,国内引种成功,其各种药理作用在人类、畜牧业以及水产养殖业有了广泛的研究。综述国内紫锥菊免疫调节作用在不同行业的研究进展,为紫锥菊在国内的应用提供参考。     

草畜平衡管理系列研究（6）——家畜数量动态变化

基于对内蒙古自治区和锡林郭勒盟过去60年的年中和年末畜牧业统计数据分析,得到了草食家畜年内数量月变化模式。按每10年一期,计算了家畜年末数量与年中数量之比值。结果显示,近期的20年内家畜年末数量与年中数量之差有所缩小。此趋势表明,近年来的畜牧业生产有冬季存栏规模相对缩减,秋季出栏率逐步提高的趋势。基于年末和年中家畜数量,使用插值法推算了家畜数量的月动态系数,并与由实际调查数据计算获得的月动态系数进行了比较。对在不同情景下草畜平衡核算时使用月动态系数的代表性和适用性进行了讨论。     

Cross-sectional survey of owner knowledge and husbandry practices, tack and health issues affecting working horses in Lesotho

Reasons for performing study: To establish baseline parameters of equine health, owner knowledge and husbandry practices and tack against which benefits to local horses arising from an equine charity's training programme in Lesotho could be measured. Objectives: To describe and investigate associations between owner knowledge and equine husbandry practices, horse health and tack‐related parameters prior to the start of the training programme. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was undertaken in the catchment area of students attending the first training course. Owners from randomly selected villages were interviewed about horse care using a standardised, structured questionnaire, administered face to face in local language. Horses were clinically examined and tack assessed according to standardised protocols. Results: Clinical examinations were performed on 312 horses and 287 owners were interviewed. Owners had variable knowledge of equine husbandry and limited understanding of appropriate primary and preventive healthcare. Equine health problems identified included ecto‐ and endoparasite infestation, mouth lesions, overgrown and unbalanced feet and tack‐associated wounds. The majority of tack was in poor condition, dirty and ill‐fitting. With the exception of below‐average body condition score, no associations were found between key adverse horse‐related clinical findings and owners reporting their horse as being ‘unhealthy’. Conclusions: Working horses in Lesotho have a range of physical problems, many of which could be ameliorated through targeted owner education. With limited access to veterinary advice and scarce resources, improved availability of affordable local equine trade skills is key to improving equine health. Potential relevance: Findings could be used to inform and direct training programmes to maximise benefits to equine health and to serve as a baseline against which to monitor effects of educational and other interventions.     

统筹城乡发展进程中构建新型畜牧养殖模式的研究

对统筹城乡发展进程中构建新型畜牧养殖业进行了深入思考,提出了加快构建新型畜牧养殖业的思路和建议、可行的新型养殖合作模式以及风险防范措施,以期为统筹城乡发展进程中构建新型畜牧养殖业提供借鉴和参考。     

动物生产中温室气体的来源及减排措施

在农业生产过程中,特别是动物生产,会排放大量非二氧化碳的温室气体。总结了动物生产中甲烷和一氧化二氮的主要来源及减排措施,探讨了温室气体减排与氮减排的关系。     

北方农牧交错带干旱区保护性耕作对土壤水分的影响研究

为了揭示农牧交错地区不同农田耕作方式对其水分环境的影响过程及规律,选择翻耕地和免耕地两种土地耕作类型,分析不同耕作方式下土壤水分的时空变化情况。结果表明:①在作物生长的整个生育期内土壤水分含量有随降雨量周期变化的趋势,无论是何种耕作方式,除生育期降雨外,播前底墒也是土壤供水的重要组成部分;②土壤贮水能力免耕地大于翻耕地;0~80 cm土壤水分的空间剖面自上而下分为两个层次:表层失水层(0~30cm)和中层贮水层(30~80 cm)。③用SPSS统计软件进一步对土壤水分与土层深度的关系进行拟合,结果表明土壤水分与土层深度的关系具有极强的相关性,其关系方程为拟和三次抛物线型。     

黑河下游额济纳旗农业特色产业的选择与评价

依据统计数据和部分调查资料分析了额济纳旗当前农业特色产业的发展现状。通过对现有农作物经济效益和灌溉用水量的比较分析,认为额济纳旗种植紫花苜蓿等饲草作物最具优势,可以促进本地区畜牧业的发展。分析了本地区畜牧业发展的主要制约因素,提出了适宜本地区的畜牧业发展模式。     

湟中县城郊畜牧业发展现状及对策

介绍了湟中县城郊畜牧业发展现状及工作中的亮点,分析了发展城郊畜牧业的制约因素,制定了发展城郊畜牧业的思路,并提出对策,以期为该县城郊畜牧业发展提供参考。     

自然灾害对河南县牧业经济影响的态势分析

以青海省河南蒙古自治县为研究对象,选择了该地区2006—2011年及该地区建政年间1965—1989年的气象情况与自然灾害对该地区造成的经济损失数据,通过整理分析该地区的基本情况、自然灾害带给牧业经济的影响、灾害的成因,结果表明;自然灾害连续不断的发生不仅与自然环境有极大的影响外,还存在人为的采挖破坏生态环境造成的原因,只要是有效的贯彻国家对三江源地区发展战略的路线方针,严格按制度进行地区管理,并加大防御措施,还是能从根本上改善灾害的发生。