人IL-1Ra基因的克隆及原核表达的研究

IL-1Ra是第一个被发现的天然存在的细胞因子拮抗剂,结合于IL-1受体后不引起IL-1效应。文章通过RT-PCR从人的胎盘组织中克隆了人IL-1Ra基因,使其在大肠杆菌DH5α中重组表达。结果表明,克隆到了460bp左右的目的基因,并在大肠杆菌中成功表达了18ku左右的目的蛋白,目的蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达量占总蛋白20%左右,为IL-1Ra的进一步研究及应用奠定了基础。     

农业引进技术消化吸收模型及其演化仿真

对于农业技术的引进,必须综合考虑技术应用地区的经济发展状况、市场规模以及其他影响技术消化吸收的要素.农户人力资本均等程度较高但均值较低的地区应引进应用难度系数较低的中间技术或者原始技术;人力资本均值较高且方差较大的地区则应引进应用难度系数较大的尖端技术或者先进技术.农业引进技术消化吸收的进程取决于农业技术扩散,而农业技术扩散同时受两种效应影响,即学习效应和研发推动效应.在学习效应推动下,对于农户人力资本方差较大的经济,在技术扩散早期扩散速度较快,而在技术扩散后期则扩散速度较慢.另一方面,在研发推动下,对于人力资本方差较小的经济,技术扩散较快.     

公鸡斗架及其进化稳定策略

公鸡斗架是常见的一种动物争斗行为,作者通过对公鸡斗架行为的根源、方式和结局的分析,说明公鸡斗架行为是由基因控制的,是自然选择的结果,斗架的本质是繁殖斗争,目的是取得与更多异性交配的机会,留下更多的后代.公鸡斗架的节制性符合进化稳定性策略,在进化上具有重要意义.     

Differentiation and development of Leydig cell, and induction of spermatogenesis during testicular differentiation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica

The initial appearance and the development of Leydig cells (LCs), the sites of steroid hormone production in the testis, were investigated ultrastructurally during testicular differentiation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. In addition, the effects of a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 5 IU g body weight^-1) on histological changes of the testes and serum 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) were examined at various stages (15–18, 20–23, 26–29, 32–35, 38–41 and 46–50 cm body length (BL)) of testicular differentiation. Testicular differentiation was morphologically characterized by the development of loose connective tissue on the medial side in animals 18–29 cm in BL. Ultrastructurally, LCs were first identified in the loose connective tissue of the testis of the 23 cm fish. In the testes of fish over 32 cm, clusters of LCs were distributed throughout the interstitial region accompanying the increase in number of spermatogonia. In fish larger than 32 cm, spermatogenesis was induced by administration of HCG; serum 11-KT levels were also raised. On the other hand, there was no effect on spermatogenesis or serum 11-KT levels in fish less than 29 cm, or in the controls. These result suggests that morphological differentiation of LCs occurs in testis of the 23 cm eel, and subsequently, the testes of eels of BL more than 32 cm acquire the capability to produce steroid hormones.     

Recent human‐induced salinity changes in Ramsar‐listed Orielton Lagoon,south‐east Tasmania,Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management

• 1. Many coastal lagoons in eastern Australia have changed as a result of recent human activities. However, it is often difficult to determine the extent of change and the ecological implications. A palaeoecological approach allows a quantitative assessment of how an aquatic ecosystem changes and responds to human impacts beyond what is possible with historical data or monitoring programmes.
• 2. Orielton Lagoon (south‐east Tasmania, Australia) is a Ramsar‐listed coastal wetland of international importance for conservation. This study was undertaken at the site to determine whether recent anthropogenic hydrological modifications to the lagoon had influenced its ecology, particularly salinity, and compromised its Ramsar status.
• 3. A diatom–salinity transfer function was constructed from a training data set of 96 diatom taxa from 34 sampling sites in 19 lagoons along the east coast of Tasmania.
• 4. The salinity of Orielton Lagoon has changed in response to a causeway constructed across its mouth, which has transformed the lagoon from an open marine environment to an enclosed, virtually stagnant, brackish water body.
• 5. These changes have compromised the protected coastal wetland status of Orielton Lagoon. Environmental remediation attempts have since partially restored the natural hydrology of the lagoon and it is now returning towards the state it was in prior to causeway construction.
• 6. A palaeoecological approach using diatoms was found to be successful in reconstructing recent salinity changes and investigating human impacts on Orielton Lagoon over the last 50–55 years.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆玛纳斯河流域植被变化的特征与归因

植被覆盖是旱区生态环境状况的重要表征和直接反馈。气候变化和人类活动干扰加剧的背景下,亟需明确植被覆盖的变化状况和归因,但当前研究缺乏对各驱动因子贡献率的量化。为此,选取新疆玛纳斯河流域为研究区域,基于1982—2015年NDVI和气候数据,在分析植被时空变化格局的基础上,量化了气候变化和人类活动的贡献率。1982—2015年,流域年均NDVI值呈东高西低、北高南低的空间分布格局。34年间NDVI呈显著上升趋势（+0.60%/10 a）,但存在年际变异;1995年发生突变,1982—1995年NDVI显著上升（+1.50%/10 a）,而1996—2015年显著下降（-0.40%/10 a）。较1982—1995年,1996—2015年的植被变化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果,其对植被变化的贡献率分别为52%和48%。采取的贡献率量化方法有效地甄别了不同因子对植被变化的影响,量化的结果表明玛纳斯河亟需采取措施进行植被管理以提升其生态环境状况。     

Disturbance‐induced responses of VHF and satellite tagged harbour seals

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Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food‐grade fish

Marine fisheries target and catch fish both for direct human consumption (DHC) as well as for fishmeal and fish oil, and other products. We derived the fractions used for each for 1950–2010 by fishing country, and thus provide a factual foundation for discussions of the optimal use of fisheries resources. From 1950 to 2010, 27% (~20 million tonnes annually) of globally reconstructed marine fisheries landings were destined for uses other than DHC. Importantly, 90% of fish destined for uses other than DHC are food‐grade or prime food‐grade fish, while fish without a ready market for DHC make up a much smaller proportion. These findings have implications for how we are using fish to feed ourselves or, more appropriately, how we are not using fish to feed ourselves.     

《国家人权行动计划（2009～2010）》对实现“国家尊重和保障人权”宪法原则的意义

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