牦牛颈上神经节对其生境适应的形态学机制

本研究旨在研究牦牛颈上神经节(SCG)对其生境适应的形态学特征,以探讨高原动物交感神经系统对青藏高原生态环境适应的形态学机制.运用常规HE及尼氏染色法,并采用形态计量学和SPSS16.0统计软件,对成年牦牛和黄牛SCG的形态学特征进行比较研究.结果表明:牦牛SCG的长、宽和厚度均显著地小于黄牛的相应数据(P＜0.01);牦牛的SCG主要由表面被膜、神经节单元、神经纤维、血管及结缔组织组成,被膜较黄牛的薄,结缔组织所占比例较黄牛的少,但节内组织较黄牛的致密;牦牛的神经节单元主要包含神经节细胞、卫星细胞、成纤维细胞、毛细血管和神经纤维,该组成特征与黄牛的相似;其神经节单元单个视野内节细胞、卫星细胞及成纤维等细胞与黄牛的基本相同(P=1),但牦牛节细胞间的神经纤维较黄牛的少,而血管数显著多于黄牛的(P＜0.01);牦牛SCG的头部以神经节单元为主,尾部以神经纤维为主,其特征与黄牛的相似.结果提示,在青藏高原高寒、低氧的极端生态环境中,牦牛在半放野、全年放牧的状态下,其SCG经长期进化形成了体积较小,神经节细胞、卫星细胞及其细胞间神经纤维较少,但血管十分丰富等形态学特征以适应极端生境.     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide exposures on mucous cells and lysozymes of gill tissues of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaeceus

We investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide on mucous cells and lysozymes in gill tissue of olive flounder. Morphological analysis revealed significant changes in the number of mucous cells after exposure to 300 and 500 mg L ^{? 1} hydrogen peroxide; however, there was no detectable difference in the 100 mg L ^{? 1} group. Lysozyme activities declined gradually in the gill mucus, but in contrast activities in serum increased significantly following the completion of treatment. The hepatic c‐ and g‐type lysozyme levels showed significant responses, indicating that the liver is a major lysozyme producer in response to stress condition; however, in the head kidney, there were no significant changes in the g‐type lysozyme level in all the groups, while the only detectable difference with the c‐type gene in the 300 mg L ^{? 1}. While the treatments showed no significant changes compared with the control for either branchial lysozyme, there were significant differences in c‐type lysozyme between the 3rd treatment and 5 day. Taken together, our data indicate that hydrogen peroxide treatment may lead to modulation of the innate immune response of olive flounder; therefore, the application of hydrogen peroxide in a field system will require more attention to dose and timing effects.     

Field performance of embryogenic cell suspension-derived banana plants (Musa AAA, cv. Grande naine)

Growth and yield characteristics of two different clones of banana plants (Musa AAA cv. Grande naine) originating from four months old embryogenic cell suspensions were studied. These characteristics were compared with those plants produced by the conventional in vitro budding multiplication method. Two types of variants were observed during the acclimatization phase among 500 embryogenic cell suspension derived plants. The first type related to banana plants with `variegated or deformed leaves' were also observed in in vitro budding derived plants. The second type concerned `fasciated-leafed' plants. During the field growth, these two variant types produced plants morphologically similar to the other plants. Thus, none of the cell suspension derived plants exhibited off-type traits in the field. A Fisher block model was used to compare the field performances of the two clones produced through the two in vitro propagation techniques. The analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between the plants produced by either micropropagation techniques for the plant height and circumference, the length of the reference leaf, the number of nodal clusters of the inflorescence and of fruits, the bunch weight, the period of time between planting and flowering, and between planting and harvesting. This study showed that banana plants with an agronomical behaviour similar to those produced by the conventional in vitro budding method could be regenerated from embryogenic cell suspension. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

人血小板生成素基因的克隆及CHO稳定细胞系的建立

 以人肝cDNA为模板克隆了人血小板生成素（Human Thrombopoietin,hTPO）基因,利用基因重组技术构建了带有新霉素抗性基因（neo）筛选标记的pcDNA3.1(+)-hTPO真核表达载体,将重组质粒瞬时转染293T细胞,用鼠抗人TPO 单抗Western blot 检测 TPO蛋白的瞬时表达;再将重组质粒转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(Chinese Hamster Ovary,CHO),应用400 μg/mL的G418筛选克隆,经PCR及Western blot验证,获得了3株hTPO蛋白表达水平不同的CHO细胞系,为获得大量蛋白并进行活性功能试验及临床应用奠定基础。     

Expression and clinical significance of PAK4 in non-small cell lung cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of PAK4 in the cell lines and tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: PAK4 expression in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, NSCLC cell lines, NSCLC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot. Prognostic value of PAK4 expression was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. RESULTS: PAK4 was over-expressed in the NSCLC cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels compared with HBE cells (P<0.05). PAK4 was over-expressed in the NSCLC tissues at both mRNA and protein levels compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). PAK4 was over-expressed in the metastatic NSCLC tissues compared with the primary NSCLC tissues (P<0.05). Higher PAK4 staining scores were positively correlated with differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and clinical stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed that overall survival was significantly different between the patients with up-regulated PAK4 and the patients with down-regulated PAK4(P<0.05). PAK4 over-expression was associated with NSCLC progression.CONCLUSION: Increased PAK4 expression was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis in the patients with NSCLC. PAK4 is an important prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.     

高良姜提取物对PC12细胞的神经保护作用

通过建立H2O2介导的PC12细胞损伤模型;采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,利用荧光显微镜观察细胞形态;检测细胞中乳酸脱氢酶漏出率,丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GGSH-Px)活性,评价高良姜提取物对H2O2介导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。结果表明,高良姜提取物能明显降低细胞内乳酸脱氢酶漏出率,降低细胞内MDA含量,提高SOD和GGSH-Px的活性,且具有浓度依赖性,由此推断,高良姜提取物对H2O2介导的PC12细胞损伤有明显保护作用。     

广西根结线虫病害的病原鉴定

从广西不同地区采集的28种植物根结线虫病的病原,按病原线虫的主要形态学特征和寄主反应的鉴定方法,对每种病原进行了分类鉴定。其中穗状鸡冠花、胡椒、蕹菜、胡萝卜,芭蕉芋、鸡蛋果、莞荽(香菜)、苋苯、荷包豆、吉庆果、黄麻、黄穗鸡冠等根结线虫病的病原都是属南方根结线虫1号小种;风仙花、辣椒、蕹菜、番茄、独头鸡冠花、红穗鸡冠、罗汉果、黄麻、芹菜根结线虫有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫;甜叶菊、姜根结线虫病的病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是花生根结线虫1号小种;吉庆果、四季海棠、茄、棕竹、柳树的根结线虫病的病原是爪哇根结线虫;罗汉果、丝瓜、红麻根结线虫病的病原有一种是爪哇根结线虫,另一种是花生根结线虫1号小种;花生根结线虫病的病原是花生根结线虫1号小种。发现二个新种:即水稻根结线虫病的病原是林氏根结线虫;柑桔根结线虫病的病原是孔氏根结线虫。     

犬基底细胞癌的病理组织学观察

基底细胞癌(basal cell carcinoma,BCC)是一种常见的低度皮肤恶性肿瘤,又名基底细胞上皮癌、基底细胞癌和侵蚀性溃疡。本文主要探讨皮肤基底细胞癌的临床病理诊断和鉴别诊断要点,为提高基底细胞癌的诊治水平提供依据。通过病理组织学观察,皮肤破溃、出血,肿瘤细胞成团块状增生,由结缔组织分割为不规则小叶状。细胞呈梭形、多边形及近圆形;细胞核圆形,核膜清晰,有一明显核仁,有一定异形性,偶见分裂相,作为确诊基底细胞肉瘤的主要依据,并对疾病的处理和治疗方法进行了归纳和总结。     

三种有机磷农药对大麦毒性效应的研究

使用浸种和浸种加喷施两种方法,研究了3种有机磷农药———马拉硫磷、对硫磷和久效磷在不同浓度条件下对大麦幼苗生长发育、根细胞分裂及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,3种有机磷农药对大麦种子萌发和根伸长均有一定的抑制作用,抑制程度随浓度增大而加强。幼苗根伸长比种子萌发对有机磷农药胁迫更为敏感。不同浓度的有机磷农药处理后均能抑制根细胞分裂,使有丝分裂指数下降。浸种法和浸种加喷施法都能使大麦叶片叶绿素含量降低,但浸种加喷施法对叶绿素合成的影响明显大于浸种法。3种有机磷农药对大麦幼苗的毒性程度依次为马拉硫磷>对硫磷>久效磷。     

不同寄主来源的葡萄霜霉病菌致病力测定及孢子囊大小比较

对采自我国不同地区、不同主栽葡萄品种‘红地球’、‘巨峰’及‘赤霞珠’上的12份葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小进行了比较和分析,结果表明:采自不同葡萄品种的病原菌对感病葡萄品种‘奥迪亚无核’叶片的致病力具有明显差异,其中‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的病原菌致病性较强,明显大于‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌致病力;采自不同葡萄品种的霜霉病菌孢子囊大小存在一定的差异,‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌孢子囊明显大于‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的霜霉病菌孢子囊。上述结果表明,采自不同寄主的葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小均存在一定程度的分化。