接头分子在TLRs信号传导中的作用研究进展

接头分子在Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)识别病原相关分子模式或损伤相关分子模式、发动和调节先天与后天免疫反应的信号传导网络中发挥着重要的生物学作用,与Toll样受体相结合后,其下游激酶和转录因子传导信号,激活细胞内核转录因子调控作用元件。TLRs接头分子的共同特征是含有TIR结构域,不同TLRs家族成员可依赖于一个或多个接头分子传导信号。对目前已确认的MyD88、MAL/TIRAP、TRIF、TRAM和SARM 5种接头分子在TLRs信号传导途径中的调控作用进行综述,以期为研究接头分子在TLRs信号传导中的作用机制提供参考。     

Immunolocalization of sex steroid receptors in the epididymis and ductus deferens of immature and mature Japanese Quail, Coturnix Japonica

The goal of this study was to determine whether in the Japanese quail the male genital tract contains receptors for progesterone, androgen and estrogen (PR, AR and ER, respectively), which have significant roles in reproductive functions, and whether their localization changes during sexual maturation. The epididymis and ductus deferens (middle and ampulla regions) of immature (approximately 30-day-old) and mature male Japanese quail were collected and frozen sections of them were immunostained for PR, AR and ER. The immunoreaction products for AR and PR were found in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the efferent ductules, epididymal duct, and the middle and ampulla regions of the ductus deferens of mature and immature birds. In the mature birds, the epithelial cells of the efferent ductules, epididymal duct, and the middle and ampulla regions of the ductus deferens were positive for ER, although some of the cells in the ductus deferens were negative. The epithelial cells of the ductules in the epididymis stained positive for ER, but the immunoreactions were negligible in the ductus deferens of immature birds. These results suggest that the epididymis and ductus deferens in quail possesses PR, AR and ER receptors. Each receptor is expressed before sexual maturation, although enhancement of ER expression may occur during maturation.     

微生物对鱼粉中组胺含量的影响研究

我国鱼粉产品质量参差不齐,由于原料问题组胺含量普遍高于国际先进水平,过高的鱼粉含量易造成食品安全问题。为了降低过高的组胺含量对鱼粉品质的影响,本实验通过使用微生物参与降解鱼粉产品中的组胺。实验将降解时间与微生物添加比例作为变量,测试出较为适宜微生物降级组胺的条件,以及该条件下的实际效果。实验结果表明在设置的6个时间中(以6小时为时间梯),24h为较适宜的降解时间;在较适宜的降解时间中(24h)较适宜的微生物添加比例为10:1。此时鱼粉组胺含量为1622mg/kg,相较未加入微生物处理的鱼粉组胺含量(5298 mg/kg)降低69%。实验结果证明了微生物处理鱼粉中组胺具有显著的效果,为鱼粉生产、储存技术的改良提供了参考依据。     

1—2月龄荷斯坦奶牛不同组织中FMDV受体亚基αv、β3、β6 mRNA转录水平的相对定量研究

【目的】建立检测牛口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)受体亚基αv、β3、β6 mRNA相对转录水平的实时定量PCR方法,分析受体αvβ3和αvβ6在不同器官组织中的转录水平。【方法】在对牛FMDV受体基因克隆和测序的基础上,设计实时定量PCR引物,以GAPDH为内参基因,采用△△Ct相对定量PCR方法检测分析FMDV受体亚基αv、β3、β6 mRNA在1—2月龄荷斯坦奶牛体内不同器官组织中的转录表达谱。【结果】αvβ3在荷斯坦奶牛24种组织中均有不同程度的转录表达;αvβ6在甲状腺、硬腭、鼻内皮、喉头、肺、食管、肾、后蹄冠状带等组织表达量较高,在唇、舌皮、软腭、气管、心脏、瘤胃、直肠、前蹄冠状带等组织转录表达量适中,在唾液腺、下颌淋巴结、肝、脾、肌肉等组织未检测到表达;αvβ6在牛体内的表达分布与FMDV组织嗜性基本一致,αvβ6受体可能是决定FMDV组织嗜性的主要功能受体,αvβ3的组织分布似乎与FMDV组织嗜性无关,但不能排除αvβ3在病毒感染过程中的作用。【结论】建立了检测FMDV受体亚基mRNA在不同器官组织中表达水平的相对实时定量PCR方法。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒介导的细胞内受体及抗病毒基因的表达

[目的]研究传染性支气管炎病毒对细胞模式识别受体(PRRS)及天然抗病毒基因转录的激活作用.[方法]IBV M41毒株感染DF-1细胞,应用荧光定量PCR测定细胞内受体(MDA5、LGP2、MAVS和NLRC5)和抗病毒相关基因(IRF7,IFN-a/β,NF-κB1)在禽传染性支气管炎感染过程中不同时间点的转录水平表达变化.[结果]在感染的细胞中几种细胞内受体在感染不同时间点均有不同程度的升高.IFN-α、IRF7和NF-κB1的表达在感染后显著升高,而IFN-β在感染36 h内被抑制,48 h被激活.[结论]鸡传染性支气管炎病毒体外感染DF-1细胞后能显著激活细胞内受体及抗病毒基因的表达.     

市售鱼类及其加工品中组胺含量的调查

2006年3月对市售鲭鱼20尾、秋刀鱼30尾、金枪鱼6块等进行组胺含量分析,结果表明,20尾鲭鱼中有1尾组胺含量为20mg／kg;30尾秋刀鱼肉中有1尾组胺含量为16mg／kg,另一尾为10mg／kg;6块金枪鱼样品及其他鱼类样品未能检测到组胺。鲭鱼20尾中1尾检出酪胺23mg／kg,尸胺为36mg／kg,腐胺及亚精胺未检出;秋刀鱼30尾中2尾检出10mg／kg和15mg／kg的酪胺,1尾栓出52mg／kg腐胺,2尾检出35mg／kg和55mg／kg尸胺。     

Plasma histamine concentrations in horses administered sodium penicillin,guaifenesin–xylazine–ketamine and isoflurane with morphine or butorphanol

ObjectiveVarious drugs administered to horses undergoing surgical procedures can release histamine. Histamine concentrations were evaluated in horses prepared for surgery and administered butorphanol or morphine intraoperative infusions.Study designProspective studies with one randomized.AnimalsA total of 44 client-owned horses.MethodsIn one study, anesthesia was induced with xylazine followed by ketamine–diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with guaifenesin–xylazine–ketamine (GXK) during surgical preparation. For surgery, isoflurane was administered with intravenous (IV) morphine (group M: 0.15 mg kg^–1 and 0.1 mg kg^–1 hour^–1; 15 horses) or butorphanol (group B: 0.05 mg kg^–1 and 0.01 mg kg^–1 hour^–1; 15 horses). Histamine and morphine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay before opioid injection (time 0), and after 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In a subsequent study, plasma histamine concentrations were measured in 14 horses before drug administration (baseline), 15 minutes after IV sodium penicillin and 15 minutes after starting GXK IV infusion. Statistical comparison was performed using anova for repeated measures. Pearson correlation compared morphine and histamine concentrations. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significance was assumed when p ≤ 0.05.ResultsWith histamine, differences occurred between baseline (3.2 ± 2.4 ng mL^–1) and GXK (5.2 ± 7.1 ng mL^–1) and between baseline and time 0 in group B (11.9 ± 13.4 ng mL^–1) and group M (11.1 ± 12.4 ng mL^–1). No differences occurred between baseline and after penicillin or between groups M and B. Morphine concentrations were higher at 1 minute following injection (8.1 ± 5.1 ng mL^–1) than at 30 minutes (4.9 ± 3.1 ng mL^–1) and 60 minutes (4.0 ± 2.5 ng mL^–1). Histamine correlated with morphine at 2, 30 and 60 minutes.Conclusions and clinical relevanceGXK increased histamine concentration, but concentrations were similar with morphine and butorphanol.