Hyperostotic bone disease in a wombat (Vombatus ursinus)

Little is known about wombat diseases in general, and about their congenital diseases in particular. In the current study, the skeleton of a common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) that exhibited generalized hyperostosis is analyzed, and possible diagnoses are reviewed. Macromorphological analyses revealed that the diaphyses of the long bones manifested an increased diameter with extensive diaphyseal new-bone formation (periosteal and endosteal). Cross-sections of the diaphyses showed that the cortical–medullary demarcation was indistinct. The calvarial bones were thickened. Radiographs showed uniform sclerosis of the long bones with loss of trabecular pattern. Microradiography showed extensive bone remodeling, a hyper-vascularized lamellated layer of bone and numerous linear formation defects. Possible causes for the lesions, including sclerosing bone dysplasia disorders, acquired syndromes causing hyperostosis, and metabolic diseases typical of animals in captivity, are discussed.     

Prevalence and co-occurrence of hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia in Dutch pure-bred dogs

Hip as well as elbow dysplasia (HD, ED) are developmental disorders leading to malformation of their respective joints. For a long time both disorders have been scored and targeted for improvement using selective breeding in several Dutch dog populations. In this paper all scores for both HD and ED, given to pure bred dogs in the Netherlands from 2002 to 2010, were analyzed. Heritabilities and correlations between HD and ED were calculated for the 4 most frequently scored breeds. Heritabilities ranged from 0.0 to 0.37 for HD related traits (FCI-score, osteoarthritis, congruity, shape and laxity (Norberg angle); FCI: Fédération Cynologique Internationale) and from 0.0 to 0.39 for ED related traits (IEWG score, osteoarthritis, sclerosis and indentation; IEWG: International Elbow Working Group). HD related traits showed high genetic and residual correlations among each other but were only to a minor extent correlated with ED related traits, which also showed high correlations among each other. Genetic correlations were higher than residual correlations. Phenotypic and genetic trends since 2001 for the four most scored breeds were slightly positive but decreasing over time, indicating that selection over the past decade has not been effective.     

COMPARISON OF CLINICAL, RADIOGRAPHIC, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC, AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING METHODS FOR EARLY PREDICTION OF CANINE HIP LAXITY AND DYSPLASIA

The purpose of the study was to use two palpation methods (Bardens and Ortolani), a radiographic distraction view, three computed tomography (CT) measurements (dorsolateral subluxation score, the lateral center-edge angle, and acetabular ventroversion angle) and two magnetic resonance (MR) imaging hip studies (synovial fluid and acetabular depth indices) in the early monitoring of hip morphology and laxity in 7–9 week old puppies; and in a follow-up study to compare their accuracy in predicting later hip laxity and dysplasia. The MR imaging study was performed with the dog in dorsal recumbency and the CT study with the animal in a weight-bearing position. There was no association between clinical laxity with later hip laxity or dysplasia. The dorsolateral subluxation score and the lateral center-edge angle were characterized by a weak negative correlation with later radiographic passive hip laxity (−0.26< r <−0.38, P <0.05) but its association with hip dysplasia was not significant. There was an association between early radiographic passive hip laxity and synovial fluid index with later passive hip laxity (0.41< r <0.55, P <0.05) and this was significantly different in dysplastic vs. nondysplastic hips ( P <0.05). There was no association between the remaining variables and later hip laxity or dysplasia. The overlapping ranges of early passive hip laxity and synovial fluid index for hip dysplasia grades and the moderate correlations with the later passive hip laxity make the results of these variables unreliable for use in predicting hip laxity and dysplasia susceptibility.     

Estimation of genetic parameters for hip dysplasia in Czech Labrador Retrievers

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters, genetic trends and breeding values using linear model (LM) and threshold model (TM) for the development of hip dysplasia (HD) in Labrador Retrievers in the Czech Republic (n = 3151). The right and left hip joints were evaluated separately using the Fédération Cynologique Internationale scoring system. Four linear and four TMs were tested for the correct estimation of genetic parameters. All the tested models utilized fixed effects of sex, assessor, year of birth, regression of age at evaluation, random direct genetic effects and the effect of the animals' permanent environments. The models differed in the inclusion of the following effects: fixed effects of regression of inbreeding coefficient, random maternal effect and random effect of the maternal permanent environment. Compared to the TM, the LM provided lower coefficients of direct (0.25-0.29 versus 0.26-0.35) and maternal heritability (0.01-0.02 versus 0.03-0.05), repeatability (0.76-0.77 versus 0.78-0.83) and of the correlation between direct and maternal effects (-0.55 to -0.21 versus -0.80 to -0.27). In the tested models, no statistical significance was found for fixed regression of inbreeding coefficients or for the random effect of the permanent maternal environment. In spite of the similarity of the LM and TM results, the TM is recommended as the more suitable model for estimating genetic parameters and subsequent breeding values for HD in Labrador Retrievers in the Czech Republic.     

Total hip arthroplasty in the horse: Overview,technical considerations and case report

A total hip arthroplasty was performed in a small equine patient with a history of traumatic subluxation of the coxofemoral joint during infancy resulting in severe degenerative changes to the femoral head and acetabulum. The transtrochanteric surgical approach used to expose the joint, as well as the technique and technology to replace the joint, is described. The patient was weightbearing within 24 h of surgery and walking successfully without sling support 4 days post operatively. On the fifth post operative day, the patient abruptly deteriorated and succumbed to multiple pulmonary thromboemboli and a jejunal infarction. Despite the systemic complications in this case, the initial short‐term success of this treatment option indicate its potential to be considered in the management of equine coxofemoral joint disease/lesions.     

断骨丹外敷用于全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的活血通络效果观察

目的 观察断骨丹外敷用于全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的活血通络效果。方法 选择2013年2月至2015年5月间在本院进行全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的患者共60例,按随机数字表随机分为两组,对照组和观察组各30例。对照组采用冰敷消肿,观察组以断骨丹外敷。分别测量两组患者下肢肿胀度及血清指标（TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6）水平,并对患者治疗效果进行评价,比较两组患者视觉模拟评分（VAS）和髋关节HSS功能评分。结果 观察组总有效率显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者经治疗后肿胀程度在术后第3天、第7天明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患者TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平均显著降低,观察组水平明显低于对照组（P<0.01）;治疗后观察组疼痛VAS评分明显低于对照组（P<0.01）,髋关节HSS功能评分明显高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 断骨丹外敷可有效缓解全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀,起到良好的活血通络效果。     

OCCIPITAL DYSPLASIA AND ASSOCIATED CRANIAL SPINAL CORD ABNORMALITIES IN TWO DOGS

Occipital dysplasia was found in association with cervical spinal cord abnormalities in two dogs. One dog presented for tetraparesis and cervical hyperesthesia, the other for historical cervical hyperesthesia and mild paraparesis. In dog 1, a midline cervical spinal cord defect consistent with a communicating syrinx was found. In the other dog, a presumptive syringo/hydromyelia of the cervical spinal cord was found on magnetic resonance imaging. While occipital dysplasia alone is not thought to cause any clinical abnormalities, the dogs of this report suggest that intramedullary central nervous system abnormalities may be present concurrently with occipital dysplasia and should be considered as a possible cause of the clinical signs. The relationship between occipital dysplasia and syringo/hydromyelia in these dogs remains unclear, however, similar associated abnormalities are occasionally found in humans with Chiari malformation.     

全髋关节置换术在成人晚期先天性髋关节脱位治疗中的应用

目的:研究全髋关节置换术治疗成人晚期先天性髋关节脱位的方法。方法:1997年4月~2000年4月,16例18髋成人晚期先天性髋关节脱位的患者接受了全髋关节置换手术,其中单侧14例,双侧2例。假体类型:非骨水泥型10髋、混合型6髋、骨水泥型2髋。随访时间平均3.8 a(3.2~4.6a)。结果:术后伤口均一期愈合。无血管及神经并发症出现。11髋术后肢体恢复等长,其余7髋较健侧缩短,但均小于5mm。平均H arris评分由术前52分增至术后92分。随访期未发现假体松动及脱位。结论:全髋关节置换术治疗成人晚期先天性髋关节脱位的手术比较复杂、并发症多,术前应有周密的计划,术中特别需要考虑肢体长度的均衡、假体的选择、髋臼骨床的制备及安置。