AN INFECTED HIP PROSTHESIS IN A DOG DIAGNOSED WITH A 99mTC-CIPROFLOXACIN (INFECTON) SCAN

This case report describes the use of the 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceutical ciprofloxacin (Infecton) in a case of hip prosthesis loosening in a dog. Serial planar radiographs were not conclusive, and culture of the synovial fluid was negative. Antibiotic treatment did not result in improvement of the lameness. Scintigraphy was performed with 99-Tc-Infecton, a tracer claimed to be specific for infection. Antibiotic treatment was interrupted 6 weeks prior to the examination. Planar and tomographic images at 3 h and at 24 h postinjection showed increased activity along the acetabulum and the proximal femoral bone surrounding the femoral prosthesis, indicating focal infection. Bacteriology performed after removal of the implant revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa.     

Photoreceptor cell dysplasia in two Tippler pigeons

Two 12-week-old Tippler pigeons were evaluated for ocular abnormalities associated with congenital blindness. The pigeons were emaciated and blind. Biomicroscopy and direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy findings of the Tippler pigeons were normal with the exception of partially dilated pupils at rest. Scotopic (blue stimuli) and photopic monocular electroretinograms were extinguished in the blind Tippler pigeons. Histological and electron microscopy studies revealed reduced numbers of rods and cones, and an absence of the double cone complex. The photoreceptor cells' outer segments were absent, and the inner segments were short and broad. The number of cell nuclei in the outer and inner nuclear layers was decreased, and the internal and external plexiform layers were reduced in width. Photoreceptor cell endfeet with developing synaptic ribbons were present in the external plexiform layer. Inflammatory cell and subretinal debris was not seen. The electroretinographic, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings of the blind Tippler pigeons support the diagnosis of a photoreceptor cell dysplasia.     

人工髋关节置换术后感染与手术操作关系分析

目的探讨人工髋关节置换术后感染与手术局部操作因素的关系,为临床预防感染发生提供有意义的借鉴.方法回顾我院自2007-05—2011-05月4年中开展的619例人工髋关节置换术(其中包括全髋和半髋,1人多关节不做统计),其中23例(均为单关节)发生术后感染,对病例感染情况与手术局部操作因素分析对比.结果手术局部操作情况与术后感染有一定相关性.结论人工髋关节置换术后感染的发生是多因素共同作用的结果.但手术局部操作情况的因素不可忽视.严格术前患者体质评估,提高手术操作技巧,对降低感染发生率有实际意义.     

全基因组关联分析在德国牧羊犬髋关节发育不良研究中的应用现状

犬髋关节发育不良(canine hip dysplasia,CHD)是犬常见的骨科疾病,传统放射学诊断对降低CHD发病率的作用有限,而基因诊断技术则可以有效促进CHD的育种改良。全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)是一种全基因组范围内的遗传标记的检测技术,对复杂性状功能基因的鉴定十分有效,已成为挖掘畜禽复杂疾病和性状遗传的重要方法。随着犬全基因组测序的完成以及犬不同密度SNP芯片的商业化,GWAS已经成为CHD致病基因筛选的一个重要手段。本文综述了GWAS的定义与影响因素,CHD在国外的育种现状及GWAS在德国牧羊犬中的研究进展。     

医用骨水泥和人工韧带在犬髋关节脱位治疗中的应用

为了探索人工圆韧带植入术治疗犬髋关节脱位远期疗效降低的解决办法,选择体重6．5 kg～7．5 kg、年龄1岁左右的3只本地家犬,在使用外科丝线替代圆韧带植入髋关节后,使用医用骨水泥填充和封闭髋臼和股骨孔道,术后通过运动姿态观察、负重力测试、常规 X 线摄片、血清生化项目检测和病理剖检几个方面,分析评估人工圆韧带植入术使用医用骨水泥的效果。结果显示,随着犬肢运动状态逐渐改善,术肢负重力增加;但随着丝线断开或出现退行性关节病,术肢运动肢势改变和负重力降低;骨水泥填充、封闭人工圆韧带孔道效果可靠,关节滑液保持良好,血清重要生化指标均在参考范围。在动物试验基础上,选择医用人工韧带植入和将骨水泥用于犬髋关节脱位临床病例1例,经过9个月的动态观察,术肢运动状态、负重力和髋关节 X 线影像与健肢相比无任何异常。动物试验与临床疗效表明,联合使用医用骨水泥和人工韧带能够很好地重建髋关节结构和功能,维持人工圆韧带植入术治疗犬髋关节脱位的远期疗效。     

THE EFFECT OF A TECHNICAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF HIP‐EXTENDED RADIOGRAPHS ON INTEROBSERVER AGREEMENT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE HIP DYSPLASIA

Experienced and inexperienced observers evaluated the assessability of 50 radiographs (25 dogs) and determined the hip status (dysplasia/nondysplasia and final scoring according Fédération Cynologique Internationale [FCI]‐criteria) individually. A radiographic technical quality assessment was performed in a separate reading session. Interobserver agreement in determining dysplasia/nondysplasia and FCI‐scoring did not significantly increase with the increasing quality of a radiograph, irrespective whether these observers are experienced or not. There was a significant agreement between the technical quality assessment and assessability (P<0.0005). Despite the effort to objectify radiographic quality and to present high‐quality radiographs to observers, interobserver agreement on dysplasia/nondysplasia and final scoring, remains low, even in the experienced group. Although increased radiographic quality narrows the range of scoring, the range remains unacceptably high.     

Diagnosis of laryngeal dysplasia in five horses using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography

Reasons for performing study: Laryngeal dysplasia due to suspected maldevelopment of the fourth branchial arch has been reported previously in the horse and has been associated with rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch and/or right laryngeal dysfunction. These studies all described the endoscopic and/or anatomical post mortem identification of the disease, but ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this disease have not been described. Hypothesis: MRI and ultrasound findings accurately reflect the anatomical features of presumptive fourth branchial arch abnormality and allow accurate ante mortem diagnosis of this condition and, therefore, appropriate management. Methods: Between February 2008 and January 2009, all horses examined at Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital diagnosed with rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch and/or right laryngeal dysfunction using upper airway endoscopy (n = 5) underwent ultrasonography and MRI of the laryngeal region. Results: All 5 horses that met the inclusion criteria were identified and all underwent laryngeal MRI and ultrasound examinations. Features consistent with laryngeal dysplasia, including lack of the cricothyroid articulation, dorsal extension of the thyroid cartilage lamina, and absence or hypoplasia of the cricopharyngeus muscle, were seen in all cases using both types of imaging. Conclusions and potential relevance: MRI and ultrasonography permit definitive premortem diagnosis of laryngeal dysplasia. Upper airway abnormalities identified using endoscopy can be more fully characterised using MRI and ultrasonography allowing more appropriate recommendations to be made. Preoperative imaging may also prevent inappropriate surgical intervention.     

Severe hyperkalaemia associated with renal dysplasia in a 2-day-old foal

A 2-day-old filly foal presented with signs of depression, recumbency and inappetence. Blood analyses revealed hypoalbuminaemia, hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperkalaemia. The foal deteriorated despite intensive treatment and was subjected to euthanasia. At post mortem examination, the urinary bladder, ureters and kidneys appeared normal grossly. Histologically both kidneys showed disorganised development with the presence of structures inappropriate for a foal of this age, including primitive glomeruli, immature renal tubules and persistent metanephric ducts. Based on these findings a diagnosis of bilateral renal dysplasia was made.